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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 619-632 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Kinetic and transport theory ; Classical, semiclassical and quantum theories of liquid structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si discutono gli sviluppi di modelli di forze interatomiche appropriati agli stati liquido e amorfo di sistemi covalenti, con le caratteristiche di direzionalità provenienti dal legame chimico. In particolare, opportuni potenziali a tre corpi sono stati ampiamente usati, a partire dal lavoro di Stillinger e Weber sul silicio e mediante tecniche di simulazione numerica, per lo studio della struttura liquida e amorfa degli elementi semiconduttori del IV gruppo e dei loro calcogenuri binari. Tuttavia, modelli descritti in termini di potenziali di coppia appropriati, che possano tener conto, seppur ad un livello primitivo, degli effetti principali di dipendenze angolari nelle forze interatomiche efficaci, hanno interesse in relazione alla teoria meccanico-statistica dello stato liquido. In quest'ambito si dà particolare attenzione a modelli che usano particelle di legame per trattare la struttura di stati disordinati del germanio. Si discute anche la connessione tra la struttura liquida in un tale modello e un processo di cristillazizzazione accompagnato da localizzazione elettronica e da espansione di volume, quale si osserva in semiconduttori dei gruppi IV e III–V.
    Abstract: Резюме В последние несколъко лет предпринятЫ значителънЫе усилия для равития моделей межатомнЫх сил с целъю объяснения направленности связей при расчетах структурЫ жидкого и аморфного состояний. Модели, включаюше трехчастичнЫе потенциалЫ, явлются особенно удобнЫми для численного моделирования жидкого и аморфного состояний в злементарнЫх полупроводниках и бинарнЫх халчкогенидах злементов IV-группЫ, начиная с раборЫ Стилингера и Вебера на кремнии. Однако, модели парного потениала, котрЫе могут еше объяснитъ главнЫе зффектЫ угловЫх зависимотей зффективнЫх межатомнЫх сил, хотя на примитивном уровне, бЫли бЫ желателънЫ с точки зрения теории структурЫ жидкости. Предлается краткий обзор этих подходов, причем особое внимание уделяется моделям связаннЫх частиц, для структурЫ жидкого и аморфного германия. МЫ также обсуждаем соотношение между структурой жидкости в модели связаннЫх частиц и кристаллизацией, которая сопровождается увеличечнием обьма, которое наблюдается в злементарнЫх и полярнЫх III–V полупроводникх.
    Notes: Summary Considerable effort has been given for some years to developing models of interatomic forces aimed at accounting for bond directionality in liquid and amorphous state calculations. Models involving three-body potentials have been especially useful for computer simulation studies of liquid and amorphous states in elemental semiconductors and binary chalcogenides of group-IV elements, starting with the work of Stillinger and Weber on silicon. However, pair potential models that may still account for the main effects of angular dependences of the effective interatomic forces, though at a primitive level, are desirable from the viewpoint of liquid structure theory. Developments in this direction are briefly reviewed, with particular emphasis on bond particle models for the structure of liquid and amorphous germanium. We also discuss the relation between liquid structure in a bond-particle model and crystallization accompanied by electron localization and volume expansion, as observed in elemental and III-V polar semiconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords CD59 ; CD55 ; CD46 ; endothelial cells ; glucose ; diabetes mellitus ; vascular complications ; MAC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. This study examines whether increased glucose concentrations are responsible for a decreased expression of membrane regulators of complement activation molecules. The effect of high glucose in determining an increase in membrane attack complex deposition on endothelial cells was also investigated. Methods. Endothelial cells were isolated from umbilical cord tissue, cultured in the presence of increased concentrations of glucose, and the expression of CD46, CD55, and CD59 was detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and by flow cytometry. Glucose-treated endothelial cells were also incubated with antiendothelial cell antibodies and fresh complement to assess the amount of membrane attack complex formation. Results. High concentrations of glucose decreased the expression of CD59 and CD55 by endothelial cells in a time-dependent and glucose concentration-dependent manner without affecting CD46 expression. High concentrations of soluble CD59 were found in the supernatants of cells treated with high glucose. The decrease in CD59 expression induced by high glucose concentrations was reversed by coincubation of cells with a calcium channel blocking agent (Verapamil). All of these effects were not reproduced by osmotic control media. Cells treated with concentrations of high glucose were more susceptible to complement activation and membrane attack complex formation after exposure to antiendothelial cell antibodies. Conclusion/Interpretation. We speculate that hyperglycaemia could directly contribute to a loss of CD59 and CD55 molecules through a calcium-dependent phosphoinositol-specific phospholipase C activation and subsequent regulation of cell wall expression of GPI-anchored proteins. This phenomenon could facilitate the activation of a complement pathway and could play a part in the aetiology of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1039–1047]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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