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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Articular cartilage - Arthritis - Neutrophil - Macrophage - Proteoglycan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Objective and design. To determine and compare the proteoglycan degradative properties of neutrophils, macrophages and synoviocytes in cultures of articular cartilage.¶Material of subjects. Bovine articular cartilage was aseptically isolated from metacarpopharyngeal joints.Neutrophils and macropahges were isolated from normal human blood and bovine synovial fibroblasts were isolated from explant cultures before being incubated with the cartilage.¶Treatment: Neutrophils, macrophages or synovial fibroblasts (1 × 106-8 × 106) were incubated with 35SO4 labelled cartilage for 2.5-72 h.¶Methods. Cartilage degradation was measured as a loss of 35SO4 into the cartilage medium as a percentage of the total labelled proteoglycan in the cartilage slice. Statistical significances were determined using a 2-tailed unpaired Student's t-test.¶Results. Neutrophils rapidly degraded articular cartilage. After 2.5 hours of culture, neutrophils degraded cartilage proteoglycan up to 28 times more than either macrophages or synovial fibroblasts.¶Conclusions. Neutrophils induce rapid damage to articular cartilage proteoglycan, whereas in comparison, macrophages and synovial fibroblasts degrade articular cartilage proteoglycans poorly. These findings indicate that at least under conditions where the influence of cellular-cellular interactions and soluble mediator action are excluded, adhesion of neutrophils to articular cartilage is sufficient to stimulate rapid and marked cartilage degradation compared to the other two cell types.¶
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords CD59 ; CD55 ; CD46 ; endothelial cells ; glucose ; diabetes mellitus ; vascular complications ; MAC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. This study examines whether increased glucose concentrations are responsible for a decreased expression of membrane regulators of complement activation molecules. The effect of high glucose in determining an increase in membrane attack complex deposition on endothelial cells was also investigated. Methods. Endothelial cells were isolated from umbilical cord tissue, cultured in the presence of increased concentrations of glucose, and the expression of CD46, CD55, and CD59 was detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and by flow cytometry. Glucose-treated endothelial cells were also incubated with antiendothelial cell antibodies and fresh complement to assess the amount of membrane attack complex formation. Results. High concentrations of glucose decreased the expression of CD59 and CD55 by endothelial cells in a time-dependent and glucose concentration-dependent manner without affecting CD46 expression. High concentrations of soluble CD59 were found in the supernatants of cells treated with high glucose. The decrease in CD59 expression induced by high glucose concentrations was reversed by coincubation of cells with a calcium channel blocking agent (Verapamil). All of these effects were not reproduced by osmotic control media. Cells treated with concentrations of high glucose were more susceptible to complement activation and membrane attack complex formation after exposure to antiendothelial cell antibodies. Conclusion/Interpretation. We speculate that hyperglycaemia could directly contribute to a loss of CD59 and CD55 molecules through a calcium-dependent phosphoinositol-specific phospholipase C activation and subsequent regulation of cell wall expression of GPI-anchored proteins. This phenomenon could facilitate the activation of a complement pathway and could play a part in the aetiology of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1039–1047]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Hepatocyte growth factor, mesangial cells, diabetic nephropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hepatocyte growth factor is a recently cloned potent mitogen to hepatocytes, but its extrahepatic roles are not completely defined. It causes proliferation of endothelial and epithelial cells implicating potential action in the glomerulus. We aimed to determine whether cultured human mesangial cells secrete hepatocyte growth factor and the effect of high glucose conditions. Mesangial cells were isolated from the normal cortex of a child's kidney. After differential glomerular sieving and trypsin digestion of glomeruli, mesangial cells were cultured in 20 % fetal calf serum/RPMI. Glucose concentration in the medium was adjusted to 5 mmol/l, 11 mmol/l, 25 mmol/l or 5 mmol/l/20 mmol/l mannitol to correct for osmolality. After 0, 24, 48, 72 h incubation, hepatocyte growth factor was measured in the supernatant by enzyme immuno assay using recombinant hepatocyte growth factor and monoclonal antibodies to human hepatocyte growth factor. Hepatocyte growth factor was secreted by cultured mesangial cells. High glucose and hyperosmolar conditions caused a 100–200 % increase in hepatocyte growth factor secretion at 48–72 h (p =0.001). Hepatocyte growth factor secretion at 48 h in 5 mmol/l glucose was 16.46±1.09 ng/ml (mean ± SEM), 11 mmol/l glucose: 32.98±4.54, 25 mmol/l glucose: 33.32±7.89, 5 mmol/l glucose/20 mmol/l mannitol: 34.05±3.64; at 72 h in 5 mmol/l glucose: 23.92±2.85 ng/ml, 11 mmol/l glucose: 28.26±2.03, 25 mmo/l glucose: 62.04±12.2, 5 mmol/l glucose/20 mmol/l mannitol: 45.76±6.25. Trypan blue exclusion demonstrated membrane integrity. These findings demonstrate for the first time that cultured human mesangial cells secrete hepatocyte growth factor and there is stimulation by high glucose and hyperosmolar conditions. Hepatocyte growth factor may have a renotropic role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 533–535]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 619-632 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Kinetic and transport theory ; Classical, semiclassical and quantum theories of liquid structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si discutono gli sviluppi di modelli di forze interatomiche appropriati agli stati liquido e amorfo di sistemi covalenti, con le caratteristiche di direzionalità provenienti dal legame chimico. In particolare, opportuni potenziali a tre corpi sono stati ampiamente usati, a partire dal lavoro di Stillinger e Weber sul silicio e mediante tecniche di simulazione numerica, per lo studio della struttura liquida e amorfa degli elementi semiconduttori del IV gruppo e dei loro calcogenuri binari. Tuttavia, modelli descritti in termini di potenziali di coppia appropriati, che possano tener conto, seppur ad un livello primitivo, degli effetti principali di dipendenze angolari nelle forze interatomiche efficaci, hanno interesse in relazione alla teoria meccanico-statistica dello stato liquido. In quest'ambito si dà particolare attenzione a modelli che usano particelle di legame per trattare la struttura di stati disordinati del germanio. Si discute anche la connessione tra la struttura liquida in un tale modello e un processo di cristillazizzazione accompagnato da localizzazione elettronica e da espansione di volume, quale si osserva in semiconduttori dei gruppi IV e III–V.
    Abstract: Резюме В последние несколъко лет предпринятЫ значителънЫе усилия для равития моделей межатомнЫх сил с целъю объяснения направленности связей при расчетах структурЫ жидкого и аморфного состояний. Модели, включаюше трехчастичнЫе потенциалЫ, явлются особенно удобнЫми для численного моделирования жидкого и аморфного состояний в злементарнЫх полупроводниках и бинарнЫх халчкогенидах злементов IV-группЫ, начиная с раборЫ Стилингера и Вебера на кремнии. Однако, модели парного потениала, котрЫе могут еше объяснитъ главнЫе зффектЫ угловЫх зависимотей зффективнЫх межатомнЫх сил, хотя на примитивном уровне, бЫли бЫ желателънЫ с точки зрения теории структурЫ жидкости. Предлается краткий обзор этих подходов, причем особое внимание уделяется моделям связаннЫх частиц, для структурЫ жидкого и аморфного германия. МЫ также обсуждаем соотношение между структурой жидкости в модели связаннЫх частиц и кристаллизацией, которая сопровождается увеличечнием обьма, которое наблюдается в злементарнЫх и полярнЫх III–V полупроводникх.
    Notes: Summary Considerable effort has been given for some years to developing models of interatomic forces aimed at accounting for bond directionality in liquid and amorphous state calculations. Models involving three-body potentials have been especially useful for computer simulation studies of liquid and amorphous states in elemental semiconductors and binary chalcogenides of group-IV elements, starting with the work of Stillinger and Weber on silicon. However, pair potential models that may still account for the main effects of angular dependences of the effective interatomic forces, though at a primitive level, are desirable from the viewpoint of liquid structure theory. Developments in this direction are briefly reviewed, with particular emphasis on bond particle models for the structure of liquid and amorphous germanium. We also discuss the relation between liquid structure in a bond-particle model and crystallization accompanied by electron localization and volume expansion, as observed in elemental and III-V polar semiconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 194-196 (1994), S. 967-968 
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Parasitology Today 2 (1986), S. S10 
    ISSN: 0169-4758
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Parasitology Today 9 (1993), S. 56-57 
    ISSN: 0169-4758
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Parasitology Today 10 (1994), S. 193-196 
    ISSN: 0169-4758
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1213 (1994), S. 325-334 
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Human) ; Arachidonic acid ; Metabolism ; Monohydroxylated fatty acid ; Neutrophil ; Polyenoic very-long-chain fatty acid
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 194-196 (1994), S. 967-968 
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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