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  • 11
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cycloadditions, dipolar ; Electron-transmission spectroscopy ; Norbornane systems ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of six 7-substituted norbornadienes with seven sulfonyl azides has been investigated. The products consist of either the novel azatetracyclic system 1 or the stereoisomeric bicycles 2 or of a mixture of them. The chemical behaviour of 1 has been studied. Mechanistically the results may be rationalized within the frame of the Mazzocchi-Houk model. The theoretical predictions of this model, concerning the π*and σ* energies, were confirmed experimentally by using electron-transmission spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 2574-2585 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of 3-Phenyl-5-silylpyridazines by Regioselective [4 + 2]-CycloadditionsThe cycloaddition of 3-phenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1) with the silylethyne 2a proceeds highly regio-selectively to give 3-phenyl-5-(trimethylsilyl)pyridazine (3a). Similarly the reactions of 1 with the silylalkynes 2b-f, the silylalkynones 2g-i, and the silylated diynes 2j-m afford the 4-substituted 3-phenyl-5-silylpyridazines 3b-m. In contrast, the reaction of 1 with 6 yields the two isomers 7 and 8 formed by addition of 1 to the unsilylated triple bond of 6. 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopy and desilylation of 3b,c,e,g were used to determine the structure of the pyridazines.
    Notes: Die Cycloaddition von 3-Phenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazin (1) mit dem Silylethin 2a verläuft hoch regioselektiv zu 3-Phenyl-5-(trimethylsilyl)pyridazin (3a). Entsprechend reagieren die Silylalkine 2b-f, die Silylalkinone 2g-i sowie die silylierten Diine 2j-m mit 1 unter Bildung der in 4-Position substituierten 3-Phenyl-5-silylpyridazine 3b-m. Die Reaktion von 1 mit 6 führt dagegen zu den beiden Isomeren 7 und 8 durch Addition von 1 an die nicht silylierte Dreifachbindung von 6. Die Konstitution der Pyridazine wurde durch 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie und Entsilylierung von 3b,c,e,g bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 171-175 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 1,2-Bis(phenylthio)-1-cyclobuten (5), das nach einem modifizierten Literaturverfahren in hoher Ausbeute erhalten wurde, konnte mittels Wasserstoffperoxid bzw. Natriumperiodat zum entsprechenden Bis-sulfon 2, Sulfon-sulfoxid 9, Bis-sulfoxid 10 oder Monosulfoxid 15 oxidiert werden. Mit Diazomethan ergeben das Bissulfon 2 und das Sulfon-sulfoxid 9 die Dihydrodiazepine 4a bzw. 11. Die Reaktivität dieser Cyclobutene und die Regioselektivität von 9 werden im Rahmen des MNDO-Modells diskutiert.
    Notes: 1,2-Bis(phenylthio)-1-cyclobutene (5), prepared in high yield using a modified literature procedure, was oxidized to the corresponding bis-sulfone 2, sulfone-sulfoxide 9, bis-sulfoxide 10, or monosulfoxide 15 by means of hydrogen peroxide or sodium periodate, respectively. When treated with diazomethane the bis-sulfone 2 and the sulfone-sulfoxide 9 yield the dihydrodiazepines 4a and 11, respectively. The reactivity of these cyclobutenes and the regioselectivity of 9 is discussed in terms of the MNDO model.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Um die Tendenz zum bevorzugten anti- oder syn-Angriff in bicyclischen Cyclobutenen zu untersuchen, wurde eine Reihe heterocyclischer Bicyclo[2.2.0]hexene, 3-8, mit 1,3-Dipolen, insbesondere Diazoalkanen, umgesetzt. Alle dipolaren Cycloadditionen führen ausschließlich zu anti-konfigurierten Produkten mit unterschiedlicher Regiochemie in den Fällen 4-8. Ebenso werden bei Pd-katalysierten Methylentransfer-Reaktionen nur anti-Produkte erhalten. Diese Ergebnisse stehen in bemerkenswertem Gegensatz zu den bekannten Cycloadditionen von beispielsweise Dichlorcyclobuten (1) oder dem Carbonat 24.
    Notes: In order to examine the possible preference for anti or syn attack in bicyclic cyclobutenes, a series of heterocyclic bicyclo[2.2.0]hexenes, 3-8, has been subjected to the reaction towards 1,3-dipoles, particularly diazoalkanes. All dipolar cycloadditions exclusively lead to anti-configurated tricyclic products with varying regiochemistry in the cases of 4-8. Similarly, the Pd-catalyzed methylene transfer reactions only yield anti products. These results are in remarkable contrast to the known cycloaddition of, e.g., dichlorocyclobutene (1) or the carbonate 24.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Beim Erhitzen der Sydnone 1a-h mit Isopropylidencyclobutenon (2) in siedendem Toluol werden im Fall der N-Phenyl- und Dialkylsydnone Dihydrodiazepin-5-one 3a-h erhalten. Die N-Alkyl-C-Wasserstoff-Sydnone ergeben jedoch zwei regioisomere Produkte, sowohl die Dihydrodiazepin-5-one 3d, e als auch die entsprechenden Diazepin-4-one 4d, e. Das Grenzorbitalmodell wird in seiner Anwendung auf Sydnon-Additionen kritisch über-prüft. Es wird eine Erweiterung des einfachen Modells vorgestellt, die die Berechung von Begegnungskomplexen zum Ziel hat. Auf diese Weise wird nicht nur die bevorzugte Bildung von Diazepin-5-onen (3) korrekt vorhergesagt, auch das Verhältnis von 3:4 wird befriedigend reproduziert. Durch Röntgenbeugung wird die Struktur von 4d ermittelt, die zwischen Wanne und Sessel liegt und eine sehr kurze NN-Einfachbindung aufweist.
    Notes: On heating the sydnones 1a-h with isopropylidenecyclobuten-one (2) in refluxing toluene dihydrodiazepin-5-ones (3a-h) are obtained in the case of N-phenyl- and dialkylsydnones. The N-alkyl-C-hydrogensydnones, however, yield two regioisomeric products, the dihydrodiazepin-5-ones 3d, e as well as the corresponding diazepin-4-ones 4d, e. The frontier molecular orbital model, as applied to sydnones, is critically examined. Extension of the simple model to the calculation of selected encounter complexes is presented. In this way not only the preferred formation of diazepin-5-ones (3) is correctly predicted but the ratio of 3:4 is also satisfactorily reproduced. X-ray diffraction has been used to determine the structure of 4d which is between a boat and a chair and shows a very short NN single bond.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Intramolekulare Wechselwirkungen und behinderte Rotation in Tropinon-urethanen: Eine kombinierte PE-, ET- und DNMR-spektroskopische UntersuchungEine kürzlich postulierte 1,5-nNnO through-space-Wechselwirkung im Azabicyclo-[2.2.2]octanon 1 wurde mit Hilfe des isomeren Tropinon-urethans 3 experimentell bestätigt. In 3 verschwindet aus topologischen und lokalsymmetrischen Gründen das entsprechende Matrixelement 〈nN | H | nO〉. Die kombinierte Anwendung der Photoelektronen- (PES) und Elektronentransmissionsspektroskopie (ETS) läßt die deutliche Unterscheidung zwischen Einflüssen auf symmetrische π- bzw. antisymmetrische π*-Orbitale zu. Es wurde beobachtet, daß die Urethangruppe NCO2CH3 in 4 einen induktiven Effekt ausübt, der praktisch mit dem des O-Atoms in 7 übereinstimmt. Die temperaturabhängigen NMR-Spektren von 3, 4 und 6 lassen sich mit behinderter N—CO-Rotation deuten und nicht, wie im Fall von 6 behauptet, mit einer O—CO-Rotation. Es zeigt sich, daß die CC-Doppelbindung in Dehydrotropinon 4 die Rotationsbarriere erhöht, was durch die lokale Symmetrie und Topologie dieses Tropinongerüstes erklärbar ist. Dieser Effekt ist im Einklang mit den Ergebnissen der PES- und ETS-Messungen.
    Notes: A recently proposed direct 1,5-nNnO through-space interaction in the azabicyclo-[2.2.2]octanone 1 has been confirmed experimentally by investigating the isomeric tropinone urethane 3. In 3 the corresponding homoconjugative matrix element 〈nN | H | nO 〉 vanishes by reasons of topology and local symmetry The combined application of photoelectron (PE) and electron transmission (ET) spectroscopy allows the distinct differentiation between influences upon symmetric π and antisymmetric π* orbitals. It has been found that the urethane group NCO2CH3 in 4 exerts an inductive effect virtually identical with that of the oxygen atom in 7. The variable temperature NMR spectra of 3, 4 and 6 have been interpreted in terms of hindered N — CO rotations and not, as has been claimed in the case of 6, as O — CO rotation. The CC double bond in dehydrotropinone 4 turns out to increase the rotational barrier, a phenomenon which is explained by the local symmetry and topology of this tropinone skeleton and is further supported by the PES and ETS measurements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Quinoxalines, multichromophoric ; Sensitization, intramolecular ; Cycloaddition [2π + 2π] ; Quinoxaline di-π-methane rearrangement ; PE Spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The multichromophoric polycyclic quinoxaline 11 has been synthesized starting with diketone 7. Irrespective of whether quinoxaline 11 is irradiated in its nπ⋆ or ππ⋆ band, the photoproduct formed in high yield is invariably the cage compound 14. This excitation energy transfer from the quinoxaline to the isodrin subchromophore of 11 is facilitated by a strong mixing of energy levels in these two fragments of 11, as evidenced by the PE spectrum of quinoxaline 13. The direct interaction of a quinoxaline chromophore with a nonconjugated double bond, i.e. an aza-di-π-methane rearrangement, is shown to occur photochemically in bicyclic quinoxaline 12.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 335 (1993), S. 345-350 
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Addition of α-Ketoenamines to 2-Acetyl-p-benzoquinoneAddition of 2-morpholino-2-cyclohex-1-en-one 2 to 2-acetyl-quinone 1 yields benzo[c][4 H]chromen-4,7,10-trion 4 which is unstable and rearranges to 5. 4 is converted to 3-(2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-morpholino-2-cyclohex-1-en-on 3 thermically and to dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-on 7 acid catalyzed. The structure of 7 is secured by independent synthesis. Dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-on 14 is the product of reaction from 2-(p-toluidino)-2-cyclohex-1-en-on 9 and 1 with benzo[c][4 H]chromen-4,7,10-trion 10 as intermediate. By proton catalysis 5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-carbazol-1-on 13 and 4-oxo-cyclohexa[c]isochinolinium hydrochlorid 15 is obtained from 10. 1 H-cyclopenta[d]furan-3-on 17 is formed by addition of 2-(p-toluidino)-2-cyclopent-1-en-on 16 to 1. It is rearranged by proton catalysis to 3-oxo-1 H-cyclopenta[c]isochinolinium salt 18. Reaction of cyclopentan-1,2-dione and 1 yields 3 aH-cyclopenta[c]isochromen-3,6,9-trion 20, rearranging to 1 H-cyclopenta[b]benzo[d]furan-3-on 21. The stereochemistry of adducts is discussed in connection with the course of the reaction, spectroscopical evidence, molecular modelling and calculation of HOMO/LUMO and AO-coefficients.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3915-3918 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structure and Chemistry of Heterocycles Capable of Tautomerism, II. Trimethylsilylation of Diethylmalonohydrazide and its Monomethyl Derivatives. NMR Spectroscopic Study of the Structure of the ProductsThe trimethylsilylation of diethylmalonohydrazide (2) and its monomethyl derivatives 3 and 4 yields silyl compounds which only exist in the lactam-lactim form. While the trimethylsilylation of 2 with two equivalents of chlorotrimethylsilane and two equivalents of triethylamine gives the N,O-disilyl derivative 6, the use of one equivalent of each affords the O-silyl compound 5 in pure state. 5 is also formed in the reaction of 6 with 2 by catalysis with triethylamine. The lactam-lactim structure of 5 and 6 as well as of the trimethylsilyl derivatives 7 and 8 of the isomeric compounds 3 and 4, respectively, is established by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Carotenoids ; Isonorastacene synthesis ; Singlet oxygen ; Effective chain length ; Second-order quenching rate constants ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bimolecular rate constants kq for quenching of singlet oxygen (1Δg state) by 26 different natural and novel synthetic carotenoids were determined at 37 °C in a mixture of chloroform and ethanol. The steady-state technique used involves the generation of 1O2 by thermal decomposition of disodium 3,3′-naphtalene-1,4-diyl-dipropionate endoperoxide (NDPO2) and the detection of its luminescence intensity at 1270 nm. Excitation energies (π,π*, 11Ag → 11Bu) and absorption maxima (430-590 nm) vary in the broadest range. Deeply coloured blue carotenoids are also included in the studies for the first time. An empirical correlation between the π,π* (11Ag → 11Bu) excitation energy and carotenoid structure (effective chain length Neff) was found: E(S) = 12642 cm-1 + 92027 cm-1 × 1/Neff. The quenching ability of the investigated carotenoids depends on the excitation energy of their transition at long wavelengths in a characteristic way showing as limiting factors either the thermal Arrhenius activation or the diffusion-controlled rate. This dependence and the suspected relationship between singlet E(S) and triplet E(T) energies, respectively, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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