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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2196-2198 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Selective growth of GaN was performed by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using a mask-patterned GaN epitaxial layer on a (0001) sapphire substrate. GaN hexagonal microprisms of 5–16 μm in diameter, with smooth vertical facets and no ridge growth, were fabricated on a (0001) sapphire substrate. This vertical {11¯00} facet of GaN was parallel to a {112¯0} face of the sapphire substrate. Both the use of an epitaxial GaN layer on the sapphire substrate and low working pressure contributed to obtaining smooth top and vertical facet surfaces. Also, the stripe structures of GaN were obtained that had a rectangular cross section. Moreover, the selection of the mask-patterning direction was found to be important because of the 30° rotation of the crystallographic orientation between the GaN layer and the sapphire substrate. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Asia Pty. Ltd.
    Nephrology 5 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Microstructure and mechanical properties of HP (Hot Pressed), HP/GP (Gas Pressed), and HP/HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressed)—Si3N4 are studied using scanning electron microscopy, bending tests and the indentation fracture method. The grain diameter distribution is analyzed to clarify the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties; and also the bending strength and fracture toughness. It is shown that bending strength increases with decreasing grain diameter. The results also show that a Hall—Petch type of relationship is obtained between grain diameter and fracture strength. The fracture toughness shows a linear relationship with 〈inlineGraphic alt="inline image" href="urn:x-wiley:8756758X:FFE829:FFE_829_fu1" location="image_n/FFE_829_fu1.gif" extraInfo="missing"/〉, where σF= bending strength, β= a proportionality factor and da= average grain diameter, and is closely related to the aspect ratio of Si3N4 grains. It is concluded, from the morphological analysis, that a microstructure composed of Si3N4 grains, with both a small grain diameter and a large aspect ratio, is effective in improving both the fracture strength and fracture toughness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The subjects studied were 22 pediatric patients newly diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD); 11 were treated with acid electrolytic water (AEW), which has a strong bactericidal activity (AEW group), and the other 11 with tap water (placebo group). AEW or tap water, 1 ml/cm2 (body surface area), was sprayed on their skin lesions with a spray gun each twice a day for a week. There were no significant differences between the two groups in regard to sex, age, serum IgE, peripheral eosinophil counts, grading scores of AD, and duration of AD. The study was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Colony counts of Staphylococcus aureus on skin lesions in the AEW group, both 3 min after spraying (P 〈 0.05) and after 1 week of skin treatment (P 〈 0.01), were significantly decreased as compared with colony counts before treatment, while there was no significant difference in the placebo group before and after treatment. Grading scores of AD also decreased in the AEW group (P 〈0.01), but not in the placebo group. Both the subjects' guardians' evaluation and a referee physician's evaluation of treatment effect were significantly higher in the AEW group than in the placebo group (P 〈 0.01). AEW may be potentially effective in preventing a staphylococcal chronic inflammation in AD because of its strong bactericidal activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 78.70.Bj; 61.80.-x
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: + and O+ ions was exposed to positron beams to measure the positron annihilation Doppler broadening as a function of the positron energy. As in the previous case of O+-irradiated semicrystalline PEEK, the annihilation lines recorded at relatively low positron energies became broader with increasing irradiation dose. The thickness of the damaged layer estimated from the positron data was compared with the mean depth of the implanted ions calculated by the TRIM code. For the Au+-irradiated samples, some discrepancy was observed between the two quantities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 315-317 (July 1999), p. 331-338 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cytoskeletal proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myofibrillar myopathy ; Hereditary myopathy ; Holstein-Friesian cattle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the expression, using immunohistochemical and Western blot methods, of some cytoskeletal proteins including desmin, vimentin, actin, α-actinin, and ubiquitin in hereditary myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscles in Holstein-Friesian cattle (the histochemical and electron microscopical aspects have been previously reported). Immunohistochemically, the expression of desmin was observed strongly in the subsarcolemmal regions, but was lacking or faint in the area corresponding to the core-like structures. Vimentin showed almost the same localization as desmin, but no activity could be observed in the core-like structures. In addition, the core-like structures showed strong immunoreactivity for actin and ubiquitin, but no immunoreactivity for α-actinin. F-actin stained with phalloidin-tetramethyl-rhodamine was strongly positive in irregular spots that corresponded to the core-like structures, but was negative for desmin-positive regions. Western blot analysis of the diseased muscles revealed a significant increase in the amount of desmin and vimentin immunoreactivities and similar amounts of actin and α-actinin compared with the control muscles. Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed no isoforms of desmin, suggesting the absence of abnormal phosphorylated forms of desmin. Since the co-localization of desmin and vimentin and the absence of phosphorylated desmin suggest that the overexpression of desmin may be reflected in the reactive change or regenerating process, the present myopathy should be regarded as an entity separate from desmin-storage myopathy or desmin-related myopathies. We also discuss the possibility that the present myopathy could be considered as myofibrillar myopathy, a recently proposed nosological entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Myocardium ; Intracytoplasmic inclusion ; Hereditary myopathy ; Diaphragmatic muscles ; Cattle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In hereditary myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscles in Holstein-Friesian cattle, the largest number of acidophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions was found in the myocardium. These inclusions, which were oval and measured 12–15 μm in the transverse sections, were characterized by a dense, amorphous zone, and a relatively hyalinized sarcous substance in paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin (H & E)-stained sections. Histochemically, each inclusion was stained intense red and dark green with H & E and Gomori’s trichrome, respectively. NADH-TR activity was absent. The region surrounding the inclusions was less acidophilic with H & E, and showed an increased activity with NADH-TR. The inclusions showed no immunoreactivity for desmin, vimentin, actin or α-actinin, while strong desmin immunoreactivity was observed in the region surrounding the inclusion. Some inclusions showed strong immunoreactivity for ubiquitin, but others reacted only faintly. Ultrastructurally, the inclusion had a dense core composed of myofibrillar aggregations. The periphery of this dense core was surrounded by thin or intermediate-sized filaments, which corresponded to the desmin-positive area. This alteration was sometimes found to be continuous with the Z disk, which showed streaming or disintegration or with the desmosome of the intercalated disk. We discuss here the similarity between this specific inclusion and the other alternative organelles that have been reported previously in cardiomyopathy or in cardiac lesions accociated with various myopathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Chronic granulomatous disease ; p47-phox deficiency ; G-CSF ; Superoxide anion (O2 ; ) ; Osteomyelitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 24-year-old woman with osteomyelitis was diagnosed as having p47-phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The patient showed a marked deficiency of p47-phox, which is very rare in Japan. As the clinical response to various antibiotics including sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was not satisfactory, we added recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) to the treatment protocol. We report the beneficial clinical course of the patient, together with the effect of rhG-CSF on the granulocyte function, and the present report indicates that rhG-CSF is useful for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infection in the variant type of p47-phox-defective CGD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Arthritic mouse model — Fibroproliferative change — Mast cells — Chymase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: To investigate whether mast cells (MCs) and chymase, the major protease of murine MCs, were involved in a chronic fibroproliferative disorder of the paws associated with type II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis.¶Materials: Eighteen DBA/1J mice were divided into 3 groups and were used to study fibroproliferative changes in paws elicited by immunization.¶Treatment: Arthritis was induced by immunization with CII, which was intradermally injected as an emulsion made with adjuvant. A booster shot was done 3 weeks after the initial shot. A group with no treatment and that received adjuvant alone served as control.¶Methods: Twelve weeks after the booster shot, inflammation of the paws was evaluated for pathological and biochemical indices. Chymase activity was determined with a chromogenic peptide substrate.¶Results: In CII-immunized group, collagen bundles accumulated around the destructed joints. In accordance with the pathological findings, MC density in the affected paws was increased (154.8 ± 13.3/mm2; p 〈 0.05 vs. control) and chymase activity was also increased (29.5 ± 2.8 mU/mg protein; p 〈 0.01 vs. control).¶Conclusions: The present results demonstrate increases in MCs and chymase in fibroproliferative paws of collagen-induced arthritic mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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