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  • Electronic Resource  (14)
  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1970-1974
  • 2004  (14)
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  • Electronic Resource  (14)
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  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1970-1974
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sintering of Zirconia Nanopowder by Microwave-Laser Hybrid Process (2004)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new hybrid sintering process has been developed by replacing all but one laser by microwaves in the existing simultaneous multiple laser process (SIMPLE). Microwave energy has been used to preheat the material before laser radiation, and the synergism between microwave and laser energies could effectively heat the material to temperatures of 1700°C and beyond in just a few minutes. Using this process, rapid sintering of 3Y–ZrO2 (3Y–TZP) pellets has been achieved in a few minutes. Microstructural investigations reveal that the microwave–laser hybrid sintered pellets of 3Y–ZrO2 have nanograins averaging about 20 nm. The microwave–laser hybrid sintering process can clearly be a new approach for fabrication of nanoceramics and nanocomposites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.01806.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive oxygen species metabolism in desiccation-stressed thalli of the liverwort Dumortiera hirsuta (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 122 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Rates of extracellular superoxide radical formation were estimated in the liverwort Dumortiera hirsuta (SW) Nees. Initial experiments showed that D. hirsuta produced extracellular superoxide at high rates, even when unstressed, and that production increased considerably during rehydration following mild desiccation stress. Experiments in which desiccation was artificially induced using polyethylene glycol showed that superoxide was produced during rehydration rather than desiccation. Incubation of plants in water induced the release about 23% of the superoxide-producing activity, although most appeared to be tightly bound to the cell surface. Experiments with metabolic inhibitors indicated that superoxide production was insensitive to the flavoprotein inhibitor DPI, but inhibited by cyanide, suggesting that peroxidases may produce the superoxide. Despite producing large amounts of superoxide, D. hirsuta only produced small quantities of hydrogen peroxide, the natural product of superoxide dismutation. However, experiments showed that D. hirsuta can reduce the concentration of exogenously supplied hydrogen peroxide from 50 µM to zero within 1 h, suggesting that any hydrogen peroxide produced is rapidly metabolized. The physiological significance of superoxide production is discussed, with special reference to its possible role as a defence against pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2004.00333.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practitioner Review: Stress intervention for parents of children with intellectual disabilities (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 45 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background:  Parents of children with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk for stress and other mental health problems. The purpose of the present review is to consider the evidence base for psychological intervention to remediate stress in these parents.Methods:  A selective review of interventions designed to reduce stress in parents of children with intellectual disabilities, with a focus on group interventions that incorporate various cognitive behavioural techniques.Results:  Research evidence suggests that standard service models (e.g., respite care, case management) probably help to reduce parental stress. The strongest evidence base is for cognitive behavioural group interventions, especially for the reduction of stress in mothers. Some data also indicate the potential value of parent-led support networks.Conclusions:  More research and clinical development are needed to establish a firmer evidence base for stress interventions with parents of children with intellectual disabilities. There are also a number of potential practical implications of reducing parental stress for maximising the efficacy of general parent training interventions and also behavioural programmes for children's challenging behaviours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00357.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ComX activity of Streptococcus mutans growing in biofilms (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 238 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In many streptococci, including Streptococcus mutans, genetic competence is regulated by a quorum sensing system mediated by a competence stimulating peptide (CSP) pheromone, encoded by the comC gene. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, a central component of this system is ComX, which acts as an alternative sigma factor to activate competence genes involved in DNA uptake and processing. The quorum sensing system responsible for genetic competence induction in S. mutans has been linked to biofilm formation and the acid tolerance response. To examine the response of comX to CSP in S. mutans, a transcriptional fusion of the comX promoter (pcomX) with lacZ was constructed to generate reporter vector pcomx::pALH122 (replicative vector) and transformed into S. mutans UA159 comC−, which is unable to produce endogenous CSP. CSP was added and pcomX::lacZ relative expression index (REI) examined, revealing a 2-fold increase in maximal β-gal activity 5 and 10 min after CSP addition. The effect of endogenous CSP on pcomX::lacZ expression was also examined by measuring REI in cells grown as a biofilm; peak pcomX activity was observed at 3 h. To determine the temporal pattern of transformation frequency, pMA2, a Spr shuttle vector, was transformed into biofilm-grown cells, with maximal transformation frequency observed at 3 h. Confocal microscopy was performed to examine pcomX activity using a similarly constructed green fluorescent protein reporter vector, pcomX::gfp, in a 4-h biofilm, revealing active pcomX activity in high cell density areas within the biofilm population. These results demonstrated a positive correlation between pcomX activity, natural transformation and competence development in biofilms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09752.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective and Effective Bactericidal Activity of the Cobalt (II) Cation against Helicobacter pylori (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background.  Although the anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of bismuth is well established, the therapeutic potential of other metal ions against the organism is not known.Materials and Methods.  We measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations of a series of metal ions, including several cobalt (II) compounds against four type strains and seven clinical isolates of H. pylori using three standard broth culture media and a defined medium. Other intestinal bacteria were also investigated for specificity of action.Results.  Cobalt chloride had marked activity against H. pylori (minimum inhibitory concentration range was 0.03–1.0 mg/l). The effect was specific because other transition metals had no effect and other intestinal bacteria were not affected by cobalt chloride. Activity was attributable to free cobalt ions as ligands inhibited activity in proportion to their affinity for the ions. Inhibition of cobalt activity was also observed in the presence of nickel, in a dose dependent fashion. However, cobalt activity was not directed towards the nickel-dependent urease enzyme because its effect was similar in wild-type and urease negative mutant strains of H. pylori. Finally, the viability of H. pylori was reduced at the same rate with 2 mg/l cobalt as with 1 mg/l amoxicillin.Conclusions.  Cobalt competes for nickel in its acquisition by H. pylori, but mediates toxicity in a nonurease dependent fashion. As cobalt MIC is similar to some antibiotics and 10 to a hundred times lower than for bismuth, cobalt may represent an effective form of therapy for H. pylori infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-4389.2004.00264.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenicity of Stagonospora nodorum requires malate synthase (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 53 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A gene encoding malate synthase, a key enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, has been cloned and characterized in the necrotrophic wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum. Expression studies of Mls1 showed high levels of transcript in ungerminated spores whereas malate synthase enzyme activities were low. Expression studies in planta found that Mls1 transcript levels decreased ≈ 10-fold upon germination before slowly increasing throughout the remainder of the infection. To characterize Mls1 further, the gene was disrupted in S. nodorum by homologous recombination. In the absence of any supplied carbon source, the mls1 spores were unable to germinate and consequently the mutants were non-pathogenic. Germination and pathogenicity could be restored by the addition of either glucose or sucrose, implying that S. nodorum is reliant upon the catabolism of lipids for infection. Furthermore, analysis of lipid bodies in the mutant strain indicated that lipid mobilization and, consequently, peroxisomal β-oxidation of fatty acids is delayed or inhibited by the disruption of the glyoxylate cycle. This study has demonstrated for the first time in a fungal phytopathogen the requirement of malate synthase for pathogenicity, suggesting that gluconeogenesis is both dependent on the glyoxylate cycle and required for infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04178.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of group A streptococcal virulence factors is controlled by a regulatory RNA molecule (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 53 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The capacity of pathogens to cause disease depends strictly on the regulated expression of their virulence factors. In this study, we demonstrate that the untranslated mRNA of the recently described streptococcal pleiotropic effect locus (pel), which incidentally contains sagA, the structural gene for streptolysin S, is an effector of virulence factor expression in group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GAS). Our data suggest that the regulation by pel RNA occurs at both transcriptional (e.g. emm, sic, nga) and post-transcriptional (e.g. SpeB) levels. We could exclude the possibility that the pel phenotype was linked to a polar effect on downstream genes (sagB-I). Remarkably, the RNA effector is regulated in a growth phase-dependent fashion and we provide evidence that pel RNA expression is induced by conditioned media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04222.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of human β-defensins-1 and -2 peptides in unresolved chronic periodontitis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 39 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Human β-defensins (hBDs) are antimicrobial peptides which contribute to host innate immunity by disrupting the membrane integrity of a broad spectrum of microorganisms.Objectives:  This study aimed to determine the expression profiles of hBD-1 and -2 peptides in gingiva and to assess the possible relations of these antimicrobial peptides with periodontal health and disease.Methods:  Seven periodontally healthy subjects and 22 patients with unresolved chronic periodontitis were recruited and the gingival biopsies collected consisted of healthy tissues from the healthy subjects (HT-C); periodontal pocket tissues (PoT) and inflamed connective tissues (ICT) from the base of pocket, i.e. granulation tissues, as well as clinically healthy tissues (HT-P) from the adjacent clinically healthy sites from the patients. The expression of hBD-1 and -2 peptides was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitatively analyzed with a computerized image processing system.Results:  Both hBD-1 and -2 peptides were detected in all periodontally healthy subjects, while hBD-1 was detected in all patients and hBD-2 was found in most of the patients. Their expression was mainly confined to the granular and spinous layers of gingival epithelium, in which hBD-1 was detected in both intercellular spaces and cytoplasm, whereas hBD-2 was mainly observed in the cytoplasm. HT-C expressed significantly higher levels of hBD-2 than HT-P (p 〈 0.05). Within the patients, both defensins were up-regulated significantly in PoT as compared with the adjacent HT-P (p 〈 0.05).Conclusions:  The present study showed that hBD-1 and -2 were frequently expressed in the granular and spinous layers of gingival epithelia and their expression may be associated with periodontal health and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00727.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of the innate immune response within the periodontium (2004)
    Oxford UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Periodontology 2000 35 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6713.2004.003556.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations in SEC63 cause autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 36 (2004), S. 575-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Mutations in PRKCSH, encoding the β-subunit of glucosidase II, an N-linked glycan-processing enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cause autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease. We found that mutations in SEC63, encoding a component of the protein translocation machinery in the ER, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1357
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