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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nicotinamide – biologic actions of an emerging cosmetic ingredient (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nicotinamide, the water-soluble amide of nicotinic acid, is a component of the two most important coenzymes – nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Thus nicotinamide is involved in numerous oxidation–reduction reactions in mammalian biological systems. Nicotinamide essentially acts as an antioxidant. Most effects are exerted via poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibition. Thus nicotinamide increasingly gains interest in the prevention and treatment of several skin diseases. It is well established in the systemic therapy of pellagra, a deficiency disease linked to nicotinic acid, but with respect to topical use there is still a need for further evidence with respect to its manifold potential uses. Currently, its local use is established in the care of acne-prone skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00266.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of cultured human keratinocytes with liposomes encapsulating silver sulphadiazine: proof of the uptake of intact vesicles (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There is evidence to suggest that human keratinocytes grown in vitro are capable of engulfing and subsequently disintegrating intact liposomes. However, as the liposomes used in this context did not carry an electron-dense marker, the possibility that the lamellar structures seen within the keratinocytes were composed of material produced within the cell could not be excluded. We therefore decided to investigate liposome-keratinocyte interaction using an electron-dense markerHuman keratinocytes obtained from juvenile foreskins were cultured in a serum-free medium, and subconfluent cultures were exposed to liposomally encapsulated and free silver sulphadiazine 1% (SSD). and a corresponding vehicle, for 5 min to 24 h. After fixation ultra-thin sections were analysed electron microscopically at magnifications of up to × 85.000Many keratinocytes treated with liposomal and free SSD showed marked damage to the plasma membranes and the cell organelles. The phagocytosis of intact liposomes was demonstrated by the appearance of silver-labelled unilamellar vesicles within the cytoplasm of undamaged keratinocytes. The labelled liposomes were found enclosed in cellular unit membranes. i. e. in Iysosomes. In addition, perinuclear disintegration and release of the entrapped marker were observed. Silver particles, as present in liposomally encapsulated SSD, were found to be adequate markers for electron microscopyOur results confirm the phagocytosis of intact liposomes by keratinocytes in vitroIn addition, the cytotoxic effects of liposomal (intended for the treatment of burns) and free SSD on human keratinocytes were studied in detail. Many keratinocytes treated for 10 min or more were severely affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.29796.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of the toxic potential of chemically differing topical glucocorticoids using a neutral red release assay with human keratinocytes and fibroblasts (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 133 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In inflammatory skin disease, hydrocortisone and prednisolone double esters are about equipotent to conventional medium potency topical glucocorticoids, such as betamethasone valerate. Local adverse effects, in particular skin atrophy, are a potential problem with topical glucocorticoids. Recently, cell cultures have shown promise as a means of assessing local tolerance.To investigate the toxic potential of hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate, hydrocortisone aceponate, prednicarbate, triamcinolone acetonide, betamethasone valerate and desoximethasone, human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to these agents in vitro, using a modified neutral red release assay. In addition, the morphology of these cells was assessed by light microscopy.Although all the topical glucocorticoids tested proved toxic to both cell types, there were major differences between glucocorticoids in their effect on fibroblasts. Hydrocortisone and the nonhalogenated double-ester-type glucocorticoids were less toxic than the conventional medium potency topical glucocorticoids tested (betamethasone valerate and desoximethasone). In particular, hydrocortisone aceponate was less toxic than betamethasone valerate (P 〈inlineGraphic alt="leqslant R: less-than-or-eq, slant" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00070963:BJD54:les" location="les.gif"/〉 0.05). In general, the effect of topical glucocorticoids on the cells, based on neutral red release, was more marked with keratinocytes than with fibroblasts. Although the ranking order with respect to the toxic potential was similar, a clear-cut difference was not observed between non-halogen a ted double-ester-type glucocorticoids and betamethasone valerate. Morphological changes due to glucocorticoid exposure followed the same pattern with both keratinocytes and fibroblasts.The neutral red release assay is able to discriminate between the cytotoxic effects of chemically differing topical glucocorticoids on human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The present data support the hypothesis of an increase in benefit/risk ratio with the new double esters of hydrocortisone and prednisolone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02492.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular evidence for the existence of disseminated zoster as a distinct entity in an immunosuppressed renal transplant patient (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 525-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immunosuppression ; Disseminated zoster ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients are at substantially increased risk for the developement of varicella zoster virus infections. They are also more prone than immunocompetent patients to develop atypical zoster and to experience a protracted course, and among them there is a higher frequency of generalized infections with possible fatal outcome. While establishing the diagnosis is essential to provide adequate therapy, conventional laboratory methods frequently fail to confirm the suspected infection. We report on a 47-year-old renal transplant recipient who developed multiple necrotic cutaneous ulcers under immunosuppressive treatment. While electron-microscopic analysis (negative staining) revealed no viral structures, varicella zoster virus specific DNA was detected by polymerase chain re-action in material obtained by a swab from these ulcers. Atypical herpetic infection should also be considered as a cause of disseminated ulcerative or necrotic skin lesions in immunosuppressed patients. Assays based on polymerase chain reaction are useful for the rapid confirmation or rejection of the suspected diagnosis of atypical herpetic infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198905
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role ofCandida albicans secreted aspartic proteinase in the development of candidoses (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Candida albicans ; Secreted aspartic proteinase ; Proteinase inhibitors ; Vulvovaginal candidosis ; Oropharnygeal candidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract AlthoughCandida albicans infections in humans are increasingly frequent, our understanding of the host-parasite relationship is limited. The secreted aspartic proteinase ofC. albicans was first described in 1965 and has proved to be a major factor in virulence. This enzyme belongs to the class of aspartic proteinases which includes pepsin and renin in humans. Although found in some fungi, secreted aspartic proteinase is rare in these organisms. While the existence of several isoenzymes may not be fully established, it is now obvious that at least seven different genes encode for secreted aspartic proteinase. WithinCandida cells it is located in membrane-bound vesicles. Upon fusion of these subcellular structures within the plasma membrane, the enzyme is released to the environment. In the context of human mucosal diseases it is responsible both for adhesion and invasion. Strains from HIV-infected patients with oral candidosis generally exhibit higher enzymatic activity than control strains. In future secreted aspartic proteinase may prove a prime target for new types of antimycotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575445
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of vitamin E in normal and damaged skin (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 7-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Vitamin E ; Antioxidant ; Oxidative stress ; Photoaging ; Radical scavenge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The generation of free oxygen radicals is believed to play an important pathogenic role in the development of various disorders. More than other tissues, the skin is exposed to numerous environmental chemical and physical agents such as ultraviolet light causing oxidative stress. In the skin this results in several short- and long-term adverse effects such as erythema, edema, skin thickening, wrinkling, and an increased incidence of skin cancer or precursor lesions. However, accelerated cutaneous aging under the influence of ultraviolet light, usually termed photoaging, is only one of the harmful effects of continual oxygen radical production in the skin. Others include cutaneous inflammation, autoimmunological processes, keratinization disturbances, and vasculitis. Vitamin E is the major naturally occurring lipid-soluble non-enzymatic antioxidant protecting skin from the adverse effects of oxidative stress including photoaging. Its chemistry and its physiological function as a major antioxidative and anti-inflammatory agent, in particular with respect to its photoprotective, antiphotoaging properties, are described by summarizing animal studies, in vivo tests on human skin and biochemical in vitro investigations. The possible therapeutic use in different cutaneous disorders, and pharmacological and toxicological aspects are discussed. Many studies document that vitamin E occupies a central position as a highly efficient antioxidant, thereby providing possibilities to decrease the frequency and severity of pathological events in the skin. For this purpose increased efforts in developing appropriate systemic and local pharmacological preparations of vitamin E are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203614
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of Candida albicans secreted aspartic proteinase in the development of candidoses (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 135-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Candida albicans ; Secreted aspartic proteinase ; Proteinase inhibitors ; Vulvovaginal candidosis ; Oropharnygeal candidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although Candida albicans infections in humans are increasingly frequent, our understanding of the host-parasite relationship is limited. The secreted aspartic proteinase of C. albicans was first described in 1965 and has proved to be a major factor in virulence. This enzyme belongs to the class of aspartic proteinases which includes pepsin and renin in humans. Although found in some fungi, secreted aspartic proteinase is rare in these organisms. While the existence of several isoenzymes may not be fully established, it is now obvious that at least seven different genes encode for secreted aspartic proteinase. Within Candida cells it is located in membrane-bound vesicles. Upon fusion of these subcellular structures within the plasma membrane, the enzyme is released to the environment. In the context of human mucosal diseases it is responsible both for adhesion and invasion. Strains from HIV-infected patients with oral candidosis generally exhibit higher enzymatic activity than control strains. In future secreted aspartic proteinase may prove a prime target for new types of antimycotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575445
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pigmentstörungen bei Kortikoidinjektionen (1997)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 48 (1997), S. 674-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050645
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trichophyton-rubrum-Syndrom mit Tinea axillaris als Teilmanifestation (1999)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 50 (1999), S. 292-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Trichophyton rubrum-Syndrom ; Tinea axillaris ; Fluconazol ; Key words Trichophyton rubrum syndrome ; Tinea axillaris ; Fluconazole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Trichophyton rubrum infections occur worldwide. In the last few years Trichophyton rubrum has increasingly often been isolated from other parts of the body besides the soles of the feet, toenails and the groin. Our patient’s infection spread from the feet, to the inguinal region, to the thighs, to the hips, to the abdominal wall, to the left forearm and even the axillae. Such skin lesions have recently been called chronic dermatophytosis syndrome. We describe this new entity for the first time in the German literature and discuss it in relation to commonly found Trichophyton rubrum infections.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Trichophyton-rubrum-Infektionen werden weltweit beschrieben. In den letzten Jahren wird Trichophyton rubrum auch an anderen Körperpartien als der Fußsohle, den Zehennägeln und der Leiste häufiger nachgewiesen. Wir berichten über einen Patienten, dessen Trichophytoninfektion sich auf die Oberschenkel, den Inguinalbereich, die Hüftregion, das Abdomen, den linken Unterarm und die Achselhöhlen ausbreitete. Unlängst sind solche Hautveränderungen in der Literatur als chronisches Dermatophytosesyndrom zusammengefaßt worden. Anhand unseres Patienten stellen wir diese neue Entität erstmals in der deutschsprachigen Literatur vor und diskutieren die Stellung des chronischen Dermatophytosesyndroms im Zusammenhang mit den geläufigen Trichophyton rubrum-Infektionen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050905
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative efficacy of hamamelis distillate and hydrocortisone cream in atopic eczema (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 461-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hamamelis distillate ; Hydrocortisone ; anti-inflammatory activity ; vehicle effects ; atopic eczema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a double-blind, randomized, paired trial lasting 14 days in 72 patients with moderately severe atopic eczema, hamamelis distillate cream (5.35 g hamamelis distillate with 0.64 mg ketone/100 g) was compared with the corresponding drug-free vehicle and 0.5% hydrocortisone cream, and reductions of the basic criteria of severe atopic eczema (Δ values of the sum scores), i.e. itching, erythema and scaling, were evaluated. Thirty-six patients in each group were treated, which allowed the detection of a 10% difference between verum and control (confirmatory study). Effects were compard using Wilcoxon's test. The mean sum scores of the basic criteria of the test areas were 5.3–5.5. All treatment regimens significantly reduced itching, erythema and scaling after 1 week. Hydrocortisone proved superior to hamamelis distillate. The basic criteria scores decreased by 2.7 and 1.6, respectively. The Δ values of the minor criteria and the global rating of efficacy were also used to indicate the difference between these preparations. Hamamelis distillate cream, however, did not differ from the vehicle. Mean Δ values of basic criteria were 1.8 and 2.0, respectively. All preparations were well tolerated. Unwanted cutaneous reactions occurred in six patients, although due to their inflammatory nature and their confinement to vehicle-treated patients, they may not represent true adverse effects but rather a lack of efficacy. The results prove the superiority of low-dose hydrocortisone cream over hamamelis distillate cream, and the therapeutic outcome following this preparation was no better than following the base preparation. The mild, yet unmistakable anti-inflammatory effect of hamamelis cream in experimental models of inflammatory skin disease was thus not reflected by an efficacy in patients with atopic eczema greater than that obtained from the base preparation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194335
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