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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 1548-1555 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied the various rates of formation and decay of ZnHg using a frequency doubled dye laser at 307.6 nm as a pump source for the zinc 3 P1 state. More specifically we have measured the rate of decay of the atomic 3 P1 state, the rate of three-body formation of excited ZnHg, the spontaneous emission coefficient of excited ZnHg, the rate of quenching of ZnHg by Hg atoms and the rate of biexcimer quenching. We have also carried out new measurements of the spectrum of excited ZnHg and of the intrinsic stimulated emission cross section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Prostate carcinoma ; Prostatic neoplasms ; Gene amplifications ; Oncogenes ; Advanced-stage disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gene amplification is a model of proto-oncogene alterations occasionally observed in human tumors. This amplification can, in some cases, have prognostic value (N-myc in neuroblastoma, c-erbB2 and int-2 in breast cancer, etc.). Amplifications of the proto-oncogenes c-myc, c-erbB2 and int-2 have not yet been report in prostate adenocarcinoma, which, like breast cancer, is hormone dependent. We sought amplifications of these three proto-oncogenes by means of Southern blotting in 15 human prostate adenocarcinoma specimens, most of which were advanced (7 stage C and 6 stage D1 or D2). We confirmed the lack of c-myc and c-erbB2 amplification, regardless of the stage, in contrast to the case of breast cancer. Int-2 amplification was observed in one advanced tumor with bone metastases, out of a total of six stage D tumors. The precise frequency of int-2 amplification and its role in prostate carcinogenesis remain to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 1207-1214 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Work of breathing ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Mechanical ventilation ; Pulmonary hyperinflation ; Positive end-expiratory pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To study the effects of PEEP on the inspiratory work done per breath on the respiratory system (WI,rs) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).¶Design: Physiological study.¶Setting: Fourteen-bed Medical ICU of a 1000-bed teaching tertiary hospital.¶Patients and participants: Ten patients with COPD intubated and mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory failure.¶Interventions: PEEP of 0 (ZEEP), ¶5, 10, and 15 cm H2O were applied randomly and measurements done at the end of a 15–20 min period.¶Measurements and results: Using the rapid airway occlusion technique during constant flow inflation, we partitioned WI,rs into its static and dynamic components. On ZEEP, the mean ± SD values of WI,rs amounted to 15.1 ± 5.7 cm H2O × l. With increasing PEEP, WI,rs was significantly reduced to 12.6 ± 5.7, 11.1 ± 4.1, and 10.4 ± 2.8 cm H2O × l at PEEP of 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O, respectively (P 〈 0.05). This reduction was entirely due to the decline of the work due to intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi) and was abolished when the applied PEEP counterbalanced PEEPi. The other components of WI,rs were not affected by PEEP. By increasing PEEP up to the level of PEEPi on ZEEP, no further increase in end-expiratory lung volume was observed.¶Conclusions: In COPD patients the application of PEEP levels close to PEEPi can substantially reduce WI,rs without promoting further dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 724-727 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Intracellular magnesium ; Magnesium ; Magnesium deficiency ; Prognosis in intensive care unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of serum and erythrocyte magnesium (Mg) abnormalities in patients on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and to test the hypothesis that low levels of Mg are associated with a higher mortality. Design: Prospective study. Setting: 14-bed ICU in a 1000-bed teaching hospital. Patients: 179 consecutive patients admitted over a 4-month period. Measurements: Total serum Mg (Mgs) and erythrocyte Mg (Mge) were determined on admission by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Severity of illness was assessed by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and the number of organ system failures (OSF) during the first 24 h. The patients were followed up until discharge from hospital. Main results: On admission, 79 patients (44%) were hypomagnesemic and 10 (6%) were hypermagnesemic. A low level of Mge was observed in 119 patients (66%). In patients with similar APACHE II scores and OSF numbers, more of those with hyperMgs died during their ICU stay. However, the Mge value on admission did not correlate with patient outcome. Conclusions: We confirm the high prevalence of Mgs abnormalities as well as Mg deficiency on admission to a medical ICU. Low levels of Mgs and Mge are not associated with higher fatality. HyperMgs was associated with patient death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been analyzed in several studies for an association with prostate cancer (PCA) and odds ratios (OR) ≥3 have been observed in study populations from North America. We studied three polymorphisms in the VDR gene (poly-A microsatellite, TaqI and FokI RFLPs) in 105 controls and 132 sporadic PCA cases from France and in a collection of families from Germany and France. The polymorphisms near the 3' end of the gene were in linkage disequilibrium with an almost complete coincidence of the short poly-A alleles and t (presence of the restriction site) of the TaqI polymorphism, (contingency tables, P〈0.0001). An association was found by logistic regression for the poly-A between PCA and the heterozygous genotype (S/L; S〈17, L≥17, OR=0.44, 95% confidence interval, CI=0.198–0.966, P=0.041). OR was lower in patients ≤70 years old and patients with a Gleason score ≥6. The Tt genotype of the TaqI RFLP also showed an association with PCA (OR=0.5, CI=0.27–0.92, P=0.026). This association was also stronger for patients ≤70 years old (OR=0.31, CI=0.15–0.63, P=0.001). The risk alleles were S and t alleles as indicated by the OR of the homozygotes, although these were not significant. The FokI RFLP at the 5' end of the gene did not reveal any association (P〉0.7). While some association studies differ between Europe and North America, our present findings with the VDR gene agree with those from North America, indicating a weak but general role of the VDR in PCA susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 724-727 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Intracellular magnesium ; Magnesium ; Magnesium deficiency ; Prognosis in intensive care unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of serum and erythrocyte magnesium (Mg) abnormalities in patients on admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and to test the hypothesis that low levels of Mg are associated with a higher mortality. Design Prospective study. Setting 14-bed ICU in a 1000-bed teaching hospital. Patients 179 consecutive patients admitted over a 4-month period. Measurements Total serum Mg (Mgs) and erythrocyte Mg (Mge) were determined on admission by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Severity of illness was assessed by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and the number of organ system failures (OSF) during the first 24 h. The patients were followed up until discharge from hospital. Main results On admission, 79 patients (44%) were hypomagnesemic and 10 (6%) were hypermagnesemic. A low level of Mge was observed in 119 patients (66%). In patients with similar APACHE II scores and OSF numbers, more of those with hyperMgs died during their ICU stay. However, the Mge value on admission did not correlate with patient outcome. Conclusions We confirm the high prevalence of Mgs abnormalities as well as Mg deficiency on admission to a medical ICU. Low levels of Mgs and Mge are not associated with higher fatality. HyperMgs was associated with patient death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Epidemiology in ICU ; Facial mask mechanical ventilation ; Logistic Regression Model ; Nosocomial pneumonia ; Ventilator-associated pneumonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of noninvasive positive pressure mechanical ventilation (NPPV) on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university teaching hospital. Patients: Cohort of 320 consecutive patients staying in the ICU more than 2 days and mechanically ventilated for ≥ 1 day. Measurements and results: VAP was diagnosed when, satisfying classical clinical and radiological criteria, fiberoptic bronchoalveolar lavage and/or protected specimen brush grew ≥ 104 and ≥ 103 CFU/ml, respectively, of at least one microorganism. Patients were classified into four subgroups according to the way in which mechanical ventilation was delivered: NPPV then tracheal intubation (TI) (n = 38), TI then NPPV (n = 23), TI only (n = 199), and NPPV only (n = 60). Occurrence of VAP was estimated by incidence rate and density of incidence. Risk factors for VAP were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Twenty-seven patients had 28 episodes of VAP. The incidence rates for patients with VAP were 18 % in NPPV-TI, 22 % in TI-NPPV, 8 % in TI, and 0 % in NPPV (p 〈 0.0001). The density of incidence of VAP was 0.85 per 100 days of TI and 0.16 per 100 days of NPPV (p = 0.04). Logistic regression showed that length of ICU stay and ventilatory support were associated with VAP. Conclusions: There is a significantly lower incidence of VAP associated with NPPV compared to tracheal intubation. This is mainly explained by differences in patient severity and risk exposure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Acute respiratory failure ; Alveolar recruitment ; Mechanical ventilation ; Prone position ; Respiratory mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of prone position (PP) on alveolar recruitment and oxygenation in acute respiratory failure.¶Design: Prospective physiologic study.¶Setting: Medical ICU two in a university hospital.¶Patients: Twelve adult patients intubated and mechanically ventilated with medical primary acute lung injury/adult respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) in whom PP was indicated.¶Measurements and results: We constructed the static inflation volume-pressure curves (V-P) of the respiratory system in the 12 patients and differentiated between lung and chest wall in ten of them. We determined the difference between end-expiratory lung volume on positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and relaxation volume of the respiratory system on zero PEEP (ΔFRC). The recruited alveolar volume was computed as the ΔFRC times the ratio of static elastance of the respiratory system to the lung. These measurements together with arterial blood gases determination were made in supine position (SP1), after 1 h of PP and after 1 h of supine repositioning (SP2) at the same level of PEEP. The PaO2/FIO2 ratio improved from SP1 to PP (136 ± 17 vs 204 ± 24 mm Hg; p 〈 0.01). An PP-induced alveolar recruitment was found in five patients. The change in oxygenation correlated to the recruited volume. The static elastance of the chest wall decreased from 4.62 ± 0.99 cmH2O/l in SP1 to 6.26 ± 0.54 cmH2O/l in PP (p 〈 0.05) without any correlation to the change in oxygenation.¶Conclusions: Alveolar recruitment may be a mechanism of oxygenation improvement in some patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. No correlation was found between change in oxygenation and chest wall elastic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 17 (1989), S. 347-354 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung β-Laktamasen spielen in der bakteriellen Resistenz eine entscheidende Rolle; dies bestätigte sich erneut mit dem Auftreten von Breitspektrum-β-Laktamasen. Nach Erstentdeckung in der Bundesrepublik wurde SHV-2 in vier Kontinenten nachgewiesen; in mindestens 26 französischen Krankenhäusern trat CTX-1 (TEM-3) auf. Mehr als 12 weitere Enzyme wurden identifiziert. Die Bedeutung dieser neuesten Resistenz-Form wurde wahrscheinlich unterschätzt, da die meisten Stämme von Enterobakterien (vor allemKlebsiella pneumoniae nach Ergebnissen der MHK-Bestimmungen oder Hemmhofdurchmesser gegen Oxyimino-β-Laktame empfindlich zu sein schienen. Zwei Empfindlichkeitsmuster (CTX, CAZ) lassen sich mit dem Doppel-Blättchen-Synergismus-Test von Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure und Oxyimino-β-Laktamen ohne Schwierigkeiten nachweisen. In den Krankenhäusern haben sich Breitspektrum-β-Laktamasen ausgebreitet, die bei nosokomialen Enterobakterien-Stämmen (aus Urin-, Blut-, Wund- und Sputumkulturen), vorwiegend aus Intensivstationen, zu finden sind. Bei Ausbrüchen vonKlebsiella pneumoniae-Infektionen fanden sich zahlreiche Serotypen. Untersuchungen zur Verteilung der Breitspektrum-β-Laktamasen in Frankreich zeigten, daß CTX-1 (TEM-3) unter zehn Spezies verbreitet ist, während sich die Enzyme vom Typ SHV (SHV-2, SHV-3, SHV-4) vorwiegend inKlebsiella pneumoniae nachweisen lassen. BeiEscherichia coli bildeten die meisten Stämme Enzyme vom Typ CAZ. Manche Isolate bildeten zwei Breitspektrum-β-Laktamasen. Breitspektrum-β-Laktamasebildung durchKlebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella undEscherichia coli wurde in Tunesien vor allem in Isolaten aus der Pädiatrie nachgewiesen; am häufigsten fand sich SHV-2, kürzlich wurden aber auch CTX-1 und zwei andere Typen mit isoelektrischem Punkt von 6,35 und 5,4 (Phänotyp CTX) identifiziert. Da diese Enzyme durch Plasmide kodiert sind, breitete sich dieser Resistenzmechanismus in Frankreich für CTX-1 zusammen mit anderen Resistenzmarkern aus (z. B. Resistenz gegen Netilmicin, Amikacin), was für SHV-2 nicht der Fall war. Bei Enterobakterien-Isolaten aus Tunis, vor allem den erstenSalmonella wien-Isolaten, war die Übertragbarkeit von Breitspektrum-β-Laktamasen offensichtlich seltener. 1988 wurde übertragbare Resistenz gegen andere Antibiotika wie Aminoglykoside festgestellt. Es scheint sehr unwahrscheinlich, daß die Verwendung neuerer Antibiotika das Auftreten von Breitspektrum-β-Laktamasen begünstigt.
    Notes: Summary β-lactamases play a major part in resistance, as recently redemonstrated by the emergence of extended spectrum β-lactamases. Since its discovery in FR Germany, SHV-2 has been reported from four continents and CTX-1 (TEM-3) was established in at least 26 French hospitals. More than 12 other enzymes have been individualized. The newest aspect of resistance was probably underestimated because most strains of enterobacteria (mainlyKlebsiella pneumoniae) appeared susceptible to oxyimino-β-lactams as suggested by MICs or diameters of inhibition zone sizes. The double-disk synergy test between amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and oxyimino-β-lactams was useful to easily detect two susceptibility patterns (CTX, CAZ). Extended spectrum β-lactamases isolated among nosocomial isolates of enterobacteria (urines, blood, wound, sputum cultures) mostly from intensive care units have spread through hospitals. If outbreaks were described, numerous serotypes were identified inKlebsiella pneumoniae. In France the distribution of extended spectrum β-lactamases showed that CTX-1 (TEM-3) was well distributed among ten species unlike SHV-type enzymes (SHV-2, SHV-3, SHV-4) preferentially detected inKlebsiella pneumoniae. A majority of strains produced CAZ-type enzymes inEscherichia coli. Some isolates produced two extended spectrum β-lactamases. In Tunisia extended spectrum β-lactamase producing strains were mainly identified among pediatric isolates ofKlebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella andEscherichia coli; SHV-2 was predominant but recently CTX-1 and two other types with an isoelectric point of 6.35 and 5.4 (phenotype CTX) were individualized. Because plasmid-encoded, this mechanism was spreading in France among enterobacteria with other resistance markers (e.g. netilmicin, amikacin) for CTX-1 unlike SHV-2. The transferability of extended spectrum β-lactamases appeared to occur less frequently from isolates of enterobacteria issued from Tunis and particularly for the first isolates ofSalmonella wien. The transmissible resistance to other antibiotics such as aminoglycosides was demonstrated in 1988. It seems highly likely that the use of newer antibiotics favors the appearance of extended spectrum β-lactamases.
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