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  • Electronic Resource  (28)
  • 2000-2004  (8)
  • 1990-1994  (19)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 64 (1994), S. 373-382 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Ein Coriolis-Durchflußmeßgerät ist üblicherweise ein von einem Fluid durchströmter schwingender Rohrabschnitt, der eine Spiegelungssymmetrie besitzt und an dem der Zeitunterschied Δτ zwischen den Schwingungen zweier symmetrisch gelegener Querschnitte gemessen wird. Für einen homogenen Rohrabschnitt ist der ProportionalitätsfaktorK C zwischen Δτ und dem Massenstrom $$\dot Q_M$$ , d. h. der Kalibrierungsfaktor des Instrumentes, unabhängig von der Natur des Fluids. Das Anbringen einer konzentrierten Massem c an der Mitte des Rohrabschnittes — etwa zum Zwecke einer symmetrischen Anregung der Schwingung — hat eine Abhängigkeit des FaktorsK C von der Fluiddichte zur Folge. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einfluß der Massem c auf das Schwingungsspektrum und die Durchflußmessung bei einem Instrument mit geradem Rohrabschnitt eingehend untersucht. Es ergibt sich, daß die Schwingungsfrequenz der Grundmode zwar stark vonm c beeinflußt wird, der KalibrierungsfaktorK C aber praktisch unabhängig vonm c ist, bis zu ziemlich hohen Werten vonm c verglichen mit der Masse des gefüllten Rohrabschnittes.
    Notes: Summary Usually a Coriolis mass flowmeter consists of a fluid conveying vibrating pipe segment with a reflection symmetry, on which the time delay Δτ is measured between the vibrations of two symmetrically situated cross sections. For a homogeneous pipe segment, the proportionality factorK c between Δτ and the mass flowrate $$\dot Q_m$$ , i.e. the calibration factor of the instrument, is independent of the nature of the flowing fluid. Fixing a concentrated massm c at the middle of the pipe segment — as required e.g. for the purpose of a symmetric excitation of the vibration — brings about a dependence of the factorK c on the fluid density. In the present paper the influence of the massm c on the vibration spectrum and on flowmetering is investigated in detail for an instrument working with a straight pipe segment. It turns out that, whereas the frequency of the fundamental vibration mode is strongly influenced bym c , the calibration factorK c is practically independent of the massm c , up to fairly high values compared to the mass of the fluid filled pipe segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 61 (1991), S. 119-132 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In this paper experimental results for drag reduction in turbulent pipe flows are reported. Drag reduction was achieved by the addition of high molecular weight polymers. The degradation of these polymers (chemically) thermally as well as mechanically was investigated and the effect of stabilizers was studied. Special emphasis is devoted to the effect of temperature on the onset of drag reduction. The influence of pipe diameter and of polymeric concentration on the critical wall shear stress (beyond which drag reduction ceases to exist) is deduced.
    Notes: Übersicht Die vorliegende Arbeit faßt Ergebnisse von experimentellen Untersuchungen zusammen, welehe durchgeführt wurden, um die reibungsmindernde Wirkung von Polymeren quantitativ zu bestimmen. Für die Durchführung der Untersuchungen sind zwei Meßeinrichtungen erstellt worden, die in der Arbeit beschrieben sind. Durch ihren Einsatz gelang es, die reibungsmindernde Wirkung von Polymeradditiven zu bestimmen und ihre mechanische Degradation sowie auch ihre Chemie-verursachte, bei erhöhten Temperaturen beschleunigt auftretende Degradation zu quantifizieren. Es werden theoretische Überlegungen zusammengefaßt, welche die mit einer Temperaturänderung auftretende Variation des Einsatzpunktes der Reibungsminderung zu erläutern erlauben. Messungen der kritischen Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit werden angegeben, bei deren Überschreitung die reibungsmindernde Wirkung der Polymeradditive reduziert wird. Die experimentell gefundene Abhängigkeit dieser Größe vom Rohrdurchmesser und der Polymerkonzentration der Lösung wird aufgezeigt. Die für den praktischen Einsatz wichtige chemisch-thermische und mechanische Degradation der Reibungsminderung durch Polymeradditive wird quantitativ untersucht. Stabilisierende Zusätze werden hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung im Rahmen von Meßreihen erfaßt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 353-356 (Jan. 2001), p. 65-68 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 338-342 (May 2000), p. 31-34 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 63 (1993), S. 219-227 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Coriolis-Durchflußmeßgeräte bestehen im wesentlichen aus durchströmten Rohrsegmenten, die zu transversalen Schwingungen angeregt werden. Die genaue Form der Schwingungsmoden hängt dabei von der Durchflußrate $$\dot Q_m $$ des Fluids ab. Für gewöhnliche Durchflußraten weichen die Eigenschwingungen nur leicht von den Schwingungsmoden ohne Durchfluß ( $$\dot Q_m $$ = 0) ab, sie können als kleine Störungen dieser Moden betrachtet werden. Die Störungen äußern sich in einem leichten Taumeln des durchströmten Rohres. In der Arbeit wird gezeigt, daß die Störung einer vorgegebenen Eigenschwingung des Rohres durch den Durchfluß als Mischung dieser (Arbeits-)Mode mit ihren spektralen Nachbarn interpretiert werden kann. Es stellt sich heraus, daß das Taumeln der gestörten Mode näherungsweise durch das Zusammenwirken von direkt benachbarten ungestörten Moden mit einem Phasenunterschied von 90° zustande kommt. Di Moden-Interferenz hängt stark vom spektralen Abstand der beteiligten Moden ab. Dies deutet auf die Möglichkeit hin, die Empfindlichkeit des Gerätes durch geeignete Beeinflussung des Schwingungsspektrums des Rohres, z. B. über eine Änderung der Geometrie, zu erhöhen.
    Notes: Summary Coriolis flowmeters are essentially fluid conveying pipe segments excited to transversal oscillation. Thereby the precise form of the oscillation modes depends on the mass flow rate $$\dot Q_M $$ of the fluid. For usual flow rates the modes deviate only slightly from those without flow ( $$\dot Q_M $$ = 0); they can be viewed as small perturbations of those modes. In the paper it is shown that the perturbation of a given oscillation mode of the pipe segment by the fluid flow, which manifests itself as a slight tumbling of the pipe segment, can be interpreted as a mixing of this (working) mode with its (spectral) neighbours. The tumbling in the perturbed mode comes out thereby roughly as an interplay of neighbouring unperturbed modes, with a phase difference of 90°. The mode interference depends strongly on the distance of the involved modes. This suggests a way to increase the sensitivity of the instrument by appropriately influencing the vibration spectrum of the pipe segment, e.g. through change of its geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 10 (1990), S. 125-137 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A laser Doppler anemometer with a laser diode as the light source, has several advantages: i.e., low power consumption, compactness, and low cost. In order to be fully benefitted by these favorable characteristics, the measurement uncertainty, associated with wavefront distortion in the measuring volume, should be minimized. Furthermore, proper attention should be given to system misalignment caused by external perturbations, such as thermal expansion of the diode-collimator assembly. These considerations lead to a computational procedure for optimizing the layout of the semiconductor LDA system. Calculations are based on a generalized relation for fringe non-uniformity combined with a simulation model for the anemometry system. For this purpose, the optical field of a laser diode is described satisfactorily as a product of a Gaussian and a truncated Lorentzian distribution. The influence of various design parameters is examined by means of an extensive computational study as well as experimental evaluation involving precise scanning of the measuring volume. The performance is improved by employing a small focal length collimator and a large focal length front lens. For measurement of turbulence intensities smaller than 1%, it may become necessary to collect the signals in the side scatter and to use a frequency-domain signal processor. For such an application, temperature control may also be necessary, but it should be applied to the entire diode-collimator assembly and not just to the laser diode as suggested in previous publications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 11 (1991), S. 313-324 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The present paper concerns the stagnation flow produced by counter flowing air jets. Little experimental information exists on such flows in spite of their extensive employment in the theoretical treatment of diffusion flames. To remedy this situation, laser-Doppler measurements were performed to quantify the entire flow field. The experiments are described and the results of the velocity measurements presented. Differences between the investigated flow field and the ideal flow field, employed in theoretical studies, are pointed out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 15 (1993), S. 323-331 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Flow visualization using oil streak techniques and laser-Doppler anemometry were carried out to provide detailed information on the flow through the intake valve of a research (model) engine head under steady flow conditions. The work was partially undertaken to develop the techniques as useful tools for engine research. On the other hand, variations of the flow field with valve lift and with valve location were of interest. In the present paper it is shown that a symmetric geometry does not necessarily result in symmetric flow patterns inside the cylinder; the tendency to asymmetry increases with increasing valve lift. These characteristics of the flow should be taken into account when flow computations are performed necessitating the use of three dimensional codes in the entire flow field, not in a symmetrical half-geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 6 (2004), S. 105-110 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The present paper is concerned with the determination of the measuring position of a laser-Doppler anemometer (LDA) relative to a wall. The proposed method is based on the finding that the output of a hot-wire anemometer increases when the wire, which is mounted in quiescent air parallel to the wall, is brought closer than 800 μm to the wall. For given hot-wire anemometer parameters, the hot-wire anemometer output voltage depends on the wall material and the wire distance from the wall. After suitable calibration for the wall material of the test section, the anemometer reading in a test rig can be used to find the wire position. Moving the measuring volume of a LDA-system across the wire yields an output voltage variation of the LDA-photomultiplier showing a Gaussian shape. When the maximum output voltage is reached, the centre of the measuring control volume is located at the centre of the wire and, hence, the location of the LDA-measuring position is known. All position measurements for the LDA-system are then taken relative to this point using the scale of the LDA-traversing system. If optical effects of transparent test section walls are eliminated by employing refractive index matched liquids, there are other ways to find the measuring position of a laser-Doppler anemometer relative to a wall. One such method and its application to the study of the turbulent near wall flow in a pipe is described in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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