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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 66 (1957), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Ex vivo expansion ; Megakaryocyte progenitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In our experience, patients with neuroblastoma who undergo transplantation with CD34+ cells following high-dose chemotherapy have prolonged delays in platelet recovery. In vitro expansion of megakaryocyte (MK) cells may provide a complementary transplant product able to enhance platelet production in the recipient. We investigated the ability of a combination of various hematopoietic growth factors to generate ex vivo MK progenitors. Immunoselected CD34+ cells from peripheral blood stems cells (PBSCs) were cultured in media with or without serum, supplemented by IL-3, IL-6, IL-11, SCF, TPO, Flt-3 ligand, and MIP-1α. In terms of MK phenotypes, we observed a maximal expansion of CD61+, CD41+, and CD42a of 69-, 60-, and 69-fold, respectively, i.e., 8–10 times greater than the expansion of total cell numbers. Whereas the absolute increment of CD34+ cells was slightly elevated (fourfold) we showed increases of 163-, 212-, and 128-fold for CD34+/CD61+, CD34+/CD41+, and CD34+/CD42a+ cells, respectively. We obtained only a modest expansion of CFU-MKs after only 4 days of culture (fourfold) and similar levels of CFU-MKs were observed after 7 days (fivefold). Morphology and immunohistochemistry CD41+ analyses confirmed expansion of a majority of CD41+ immature cells on days 4 and 7, while on day 10 mature cells began to appear. These results show that primarily MK progenitors are expanded after 4 days of culture, whereas MK precursor expansion occurs after 7 days. When we compared the two culture media (with and without serum) we observed that increases of all specific phenotypes of the MK lineage were more elevated in serum-free culture than in medium with serum. This difference was especially marked for CD34+/CD61+ and CD34+/CD41+ (163 vs 42 and 212 vs 36, respectively). We contaminated CD34+ cells with a neuroblastoma cell line and we observed no expansion of malignant cells in our culture conditions (RT-PCR for tyrosine hydroxylase positive at day 4 and negative at day 7). With our combination of hematopoietic growth factors we are able to sufficiently expand ex vivo MK late progenitor cells to be used as complementary transplant products in neuroblastoma patients who undergo transplantation with CD34+ cells. It is possible that these committed MK late progenitors could accelerate short-term platelet recovery in the recipient until more primitive progenitor cells have had time to engraft.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 208 (1958), S. 33-37 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Beobachtung eines Falles von Groenblad-Strandberg-Syndrom, neben einem aus chromophoben Zellen bestehenden Adenom der Hypophyse. Nach Verff. spielt in der Entwicklung sowie in der Verschlechterung des Krankheitsbildes der Hypophysentumor eine wesentliche Rolle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 223 (2000), S. 155-162 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: drought acclimation ; Helianthus annuus L. ; photosynthesis ; pressure-volume curves ; water relations ; water stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The responses of leaf water parameters to drought were examined using three sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes. Osmotic potential at full water saturation (π100), apoplastic water fraction (AWF) and bulk elastic modulus (BEM) were determined by pressure-volume curve analysis on well watered or on water-stressed plants (−1.0 MPa Ψ1 〈 −1.5 MPa) previously drought-pretreated or not. The drought-pretreated plants were subjected to a 7-day drought period (predawn leaf water potential reached −0.9 MPa) followed by 8 days of rewatering. In well watered plants, all genotypes in response to drought acclimation displayed a significantly decreased π100 associated with a decrease in the leaf water potential at the turgor-loss point (decrease in Ψtlp was between 0.15 and 0.21 MPa, depending on the genotype). In two genotypes, drought acclimation affected the partitioning of water between the apoplastic and symplastic fractions without any effect on the total amount of water in the leaves. As a third genotype displayed no modification of AWF and BEM after drought acclimation, the decreased π100 was only due to the net accumulation of solutes and was consistent with the adjustment of the photochemical efficiency observed previously in this genotype in response to drought acclimation. In water-stressed plants, the osmotic adjustment (OA) can increase further beyond that observed in response to the drought pretreatment. However, the maintenance of photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance at low leaf water potentials not only depends on the extent of osmotic adjustment, but also on the interaction between OA and AWF or BEM. Adaptative responses of leaf water parameters to drought are thus quite contrasted in sunflower genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 45 (1958), S. 343-346 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synthetic dl-cycloserine obtained at the Institute of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy of the USSR Academy of Medical sciences was tested in experiments in vitro. It was demonstrated that this preparation has a wide antimicrobic range of action towards gram positive, as well as towards gram negative microbes, such asB. typhi abdominalis,B. paratyphi “A” et al. Dl-cycloserine has a bacteriostatic effect toward various strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis which are sensitive or resistant to streptomycin, phthivazid and PAS. It was revealed that this preparation does not show any significant chemotherapeutic effect in experimentally indiced hematogenic tuberculosis in mice and tuberculosis in guinea pigs. However, its toxicity in prolonged administration to guinea pigs is very low. If kept in a thermostat during 8–10 days at a temperature of 37°C the preparation is inactivited by 25 to 30%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 129-133 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Overweight – Obesity – Weight reduction – Mortality. ; Schlüsselwörter:Übergewicht – Fettsucht – Gewichtsreduktion – Mortalität.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die weithin propagierten Mortalitäts- und Morbiditätsrisiken der Adipositas erscheinen – abgesehen von morbiden Ausmaßen der Fettsucht (BMI 〉 40 kg/m2) und von Hochrisiko-Subgruppen hinsichtlich Diabetes, Hypertonie, metabolischem Syndrom, Schlafapnoe –übertrieben. Ein wesentlicher Teil des psychosozialen Drucks auf übergewichtige Personen in unserer Gesellschaft kann nicht auf medizinisch-naturwissenschaftliche Fakten zurückgeführt werden. Die Gewichtsreduktion stellt die primäre initiale Therapie bei übergewichtigen Patienten mit Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertonie und metabolischem Syndrom sowie bei dem Schlaf-Apnoe-Syndrom dar – und mag bei besonderen Risiko-Patienten diesbezüglich zur Primär-Prävention empfohlen werden. Bei massiver Adipositas liegt insbesondere bei jüngeren, körperlich wenig trainierten Männern mit stammbetonter Fettsucht ein signifikant erhöhtes Mortalitätsrisiko vor. Daß bei diesen Patienten eine Steigerung der verkürzten Lebenserwartung durch eine Gewichtsreduktion erfolgen kann, wird angenommen – ist aber bis dato unbewiesen. Für nicht-medikamentöse konservative Behandlungsverfahren spricht – trotz zumeist enttäuschender Langzeitwirkungen auf das Körpergewicht – ihre Therapiesicherheit. Für medikamentöse, invasive und chirurgische Behandlungsverfahren steht der Nachweis von Langzeit-Wirksamkeit im Sinne der Senkung des Mortalitäts- und Morbiditätsrisikos und der Therapiesicherheit aufgrund kontrolliert prospektiver Studien aus.
    Notes: Abstract. The widely propagated morbidity and mortality risks of obesity appear somewhat exaggerated, except for morbid obesity (BMI 〉 40 kg/m2) and for high-risk obese subgroups concerning diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Non-medical reasons represent a major component of the social pressure that is presently experienced by obese persons in our society. Weight reduction represents the primary therapeutic approach in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea, and it may be recommended in high-risk individuals for primary prevention of these diseases. Massive obesity is associated with excess mortality, especially in younger, physically inactive men with upper-body-segment obesity. It is widely assumed that weight reduction will lead to a reduction of excess mortality in these individuals; so far, however, there is no proof for this assumption. Non-medicamentous conservative therapeutic approaches to weight reduction have the advantage of safety, even though their long-term efficacy is generally disappointing. There are no randomized, controlled trials to prove a reduction of morbidity or mortality risks and of therapeutic safety for pharmacological, invasive or surgical methods to treat obesity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Evidence-based Medicine ; Psychiatrie ; Qualitätssicherung ; Datenbanken ; Randomisierte kontrollierte Studien ; Key words Evidence-based medicine ; Psychiatry ; Evidence-based health care ; Quality control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Many of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in psychiatry and psychotherapy are based on opinion rather than evidence. The concept of evidence-based medicine aims to bridge the gap between clinical research and clinical decision-making by integrating the best available external evidence with personal expertise. In this article, we demonstrate several examples of the non-evidence-based medicine paradigm. Then we show the usefulness and practicability of the new evidence-based medicine paradigm by using a clinical example. Finally, we discuss the consequences, chances, and limitations of this new model. We also examine the role of the individual clinician's viewpoint as well as the need of institutional re-engineering and the possible restructuring of the entire health care system towards evidence-based methods.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie finden weiterhin viele Therapieverfahren Anwendung ohne dass ein empirischer Nachweis ihrer Wirksamkeit vorliegt. Die aus dem angloamerikanischen Sprachraum stammende “Evidence-based Medicine” bietet ein Konzept, medizinische Entscheidungen auf der Basis der besten zz. Verfügbaren externen Evidenz in Verbindung mit der individuellen klinischen Erfahrung zu treffen. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst Beispiele einer “Non-evidence-based Psychiatry” aufgezeigt, ein klinisches Beispiel soll das Konzept einer “Evidence-based Psychiatry” vorstellen, am Ende schließlich steht die Betrachtung ihrer Anwendung, Grenzen und Möglichkeiten in der Praxis. Zum einen wird der Stellenwert dieser Methode für den klinisch tätigen Psychiater und Psychotherapeuten dargestellt. Zum anderen werden mögliche Konsequenzen diskutiert. Diese ergeben sich für Aufbereitung und Bereitstellung der Evidenz in Form von Datenbanken und systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten und in der Notwendigkeit von Umbauprozessen für die einzelne Institution wie auch für das Gesundheitssystem als Ganzes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 758-761 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Substanz P ; Depression ; Angsterkrankungen ; Neurokinin-1-Rezeptor ; Keywords Substance P ; Depressive disorder ; Anxiety disorders ; Neurokinin-1-receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Preclinical investigations suggest that the neuropeptide substance P might be involved in the etiopathology of pain, depression, and anxiety. In a recent study, the substance P receptor antagonist MK-869 showed antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in depressed outpatients which was comparable to a standard SSRI. The MK-869 was well tolerated. Although these findings are promising, further studies are necessary to prove the hypothesis that substance P receptor antagonists represent a new class of antidepressants or anxiolytics. Respective studies are currently underway.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Präklinische Untersuchungen legen nahe, dass das Neuropeptid Substanz P an der Pathogenese von Schmerzsyndromen, affektiven Erkrankungen und Angstsyndromen beteiligt sein könnte. In einer kürzlich publizierten Studie wurde ein antidepressiver und anxiolytischer Effekt des Substanz P-Rezeptor-Antagonisten MK-869 bei depressiven Patienten gezeigt. MK-869 zeichnete sich dabei nicht nur durch seine vergleichbare Wirkung zu einem selektiven Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer aus, sondern auch durch eine sehr gute Verträglichkeit. Obwohl diese Befunde vielversprechend sind, kann gegenwärtig aufgrund der eingeschränkten Datenlage die Bedeutung von Substanz P-Rezeptor-Antagonisten für die Behandlung von Depression und Angst nicht abgeschätzt werden. Weitere klinische und präklinische Studien sind notwendig, um die Beobachtungen zu erhärten. Entsprechende Studien werden gegenwärtig durchgeführt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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