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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic and Cerebral Haemodynamics During Craniotomy Under Mild Hypothermia in Patients with Acute Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 1013-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Haemodynamics; cerebral circulation; mild hypothermia; subarachnoid haemorrhage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ Background. Mild hypothermia provides cerebral protection against ischaemic insults in various animal models. We compared systemic and cerebral oxygenation between mild hypothermic and normothermic management in 60 patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage who underwent clipping of cerebral aneurysms.  Method. The temperature in the pulmonary artery was maintained at 36°C in 28 patients and was reduced to 34°C in 32 patients. Parameters in the systemic and cerebral haemodynamics from pulmonary artery and internal jugular vein catheters were compared between the two groups immediately after the induction of anaesthesia (T1), and just before temporary occlusion or aneurysm clipping (T2).  Findings. Cardiac index, oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, and oxygen saturation of the jugular bulb were significantly lower at T2 in hypothermic group (H) (2.9±0.6 L/min/m2, 400.8±106.3 ml/min·m2, 87.0±14.8 ml/min·m2, 55.2±6.6%, respectively) than in normothermic group (N) (3.7±0.6, 521.0±105.5, 109.9±21.7, 60.9±6.6) (p〈0.05). The arterial lactate and arteriojugular difference in oxygen content were significantly higher in H (2.3±1.3 mmol/L, 6.5±1.5 ml/dl, respectively) than in N (1.7±1.0, 5.6±1.2) (p〈0.05). Arteriojugular differences in carbon dioxide tension and hydrogen ion content were significantly lower at T2 in H (−10.8±2.1 mm Hg, −6.4±1.3 nmol/L, respectively) than in N (−8.9±2.8, −5.3±1.0) (p〈0.05).  Interpretation. The balance between oxygen supply and demand systemically and in the brain may worsen during aneurysm surgery for patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage under mild hypothermia. Oxygenation of the brain and the whole body should be monitored closely during this surgery, and adequate circulatory assistance is recommended under mild hypothermia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010070056
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion properties of Al in ZnTe substrates (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 1989-1990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to fabricate intrinsic pn junctions in p-type ZnTe substrates for realizing pure-green light-emitting diodes, Al was used as the diffusion species. We found that the Al diffusion region is observed as a dark region image by scanning electron microscopy. Al was diffused over a wide range of annealing temperatures and times. It was found that the activation energies of Al diffusion into p-type ZnTe substrates were 1.9±0.1 eV and the diffusion coefficient was given by D=20 exp(−1.9/kT) cm2/s. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287235
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic tunnel junctions on magnetic shield smoothed by gas cluster ion beam (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6653-6655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, a technique, gas cluster ion beam (GCIB), was introduced to smooth the bottom NiFe magnetic shield for magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) read heads. The GCIB treatment can bring the surface roughness of the shield from 15 to 20 Å to around 5 Å, and the most of scratch marks can be removed. The efficiency of the GCIB process is dependent on the initial surface morphology. The MTJs grown on the magnetic shield smoothed by the GCIB show that the resistance area product RA is increased from 60 to ∼100 Ω μm2 with the GCIB dose up to 1×1016 ions/cm2, arising from a smooth insulating layer, meanwhile, the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is almost constant or slightly decreases. This GCIB process can also improve breakdown voltage (approximately 0.019 V per 1015 ions/cm2) of the MTJs, and slightly increase the ferromagnetic coupling mainly due to the change of the surface morphology. Using this technology, an RA as low as 3.5–6.5 Ω μm2 together with a TMR of 14%–18% can be obtained for MTJs grown on the GCIB treated NiFe magnetic shield. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1359217
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a high-resolution x-ray imaging system with a charge-coupled-device detector coupled with crystal x-ray magnifiers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4449-4456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A high-spatial-resolution x-ray imaging system for microscopic use has been developed, which utilizes a charge-coupled-device (CCD) detector as an imaging device. The spatial resolution of the x-ray CCD detector with Gd2O2S:Tb is 8.0 μm in terms of the full width at half-maximum of the line-spread function with a conversion gain of 0.58 e-h/xph. In order to obtain a higher spatial resolution, x-ray magnifiers based on asymmetric Si(111) Bragg reflections are placed in front of the x-ray CCD detector. The spatial resolution of this imaging system has been improved to 1.2 μm. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322588
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compound heterozygous group A xeroderma pigmentosum patient with a novel mutation and an inherited reciprocal translocation (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The severity of neurological abnormalities in Japanese group A xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-A) patients correlates with the sites of non-sense mutation in the XP-A gene. We describe a patient who presented with a more severe photosensitivity and neurological abnormality than those in typical Japanese XP-A patients with a splicing mutation in intron 3. The patient was compound heterozygous for the splicing mutation in intron 3, which resulted in formation of a non-sense codon in exon 4, and a novel non-sense mutation at codon 208 in exon 5, a C to T transition creating a stop codon TAG. Although the combination of these mutations might have been thought to cause only mild neurological signs, the longer truncated XP-A proteins than those of typical XP-A patients may have resulted in severe neurological symptoms. This phenomenon may be explained by a translocation of chromosome (1;10)(q25·3;q22·3) inherited from his father.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03611.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low resistance and high thermal stability of spin-dependent tunnel junctions with synthetic antiferromagnetic CoFe/Ru/CoFe pinned layers (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2424-2426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, submicron-size (down to 0.273 μm2) spin–dependent tunnel junctions with resistance as low as ∼30 Ω μm2 have been fabricated, where the tunneling barrier of AlOx was formed by in situ natural oxidation. These junctions annealed at 250 °C for 5 h showed tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of 14.3% and 25.8% for the pinned layers of CoFe/RuRhMn and CoFe/PtMn, respectively, while the TMR is further increased to 31.6% for a synthetic antiferromagnetic pinned layer of CoFe/Ru/CoFe/PtMn due to less interdiffusion at CoFe/Ru interface. The investigation has indicated that the growth of ultrathin Al layer is very sensitive to the surface roughness of bottom ferromagnetic electrode, and large surface roughness leads to small junction resistance. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126364
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic analysis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma subclassification with special consideration of papillary and bronchioloalveolar types (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 45 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims:  The third edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung tumours has been published and is expected to become the standard nomenclature. The aim of this study was to assess the usability and prognostic significance of the WHO classification in comparison with other recent classifications.Methods and results:  One hundred and forty-seven resected pulmonary adenocarcinoma cases were reviewed and histologically classified according to the WHO classification (1999) and the classification by Noguchi (1995). Papillary carcinomas as described by Silver and Askin (1997) were also identified. Since the papillary type in the WHO classification is not strictly defined, we compared the following two kinds of WHO classification: (i) WHO-N; WHO classification adopting Noguchi Type F as the definition of the papillary type, namely, pure papillary adenocarcinoma without a bronchioloalveolar component; (ii) WHO-SA; WHO classification adopting papillary carcinoma by Silver and Askin as the definition of the papillary type, namely, tumour with papillary structure constituting at least 75% of the lesion. The bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the WHO classification showed a better prognosis than other subtypes in both overall and Stage I disease limited survival analysis. In analysis limited to Stage III disease, only the papillary type of WHO-SA showed a significantly worse prognosis.Conclusions:  WHO-SA is recommended for prognostic correlation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01946.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between cavity design and marginal adaptation in a machine-milled ceramic restorative system (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influence of inclination of the cusp as well as convergence/divergence of the cavity wall on marginal adaptation in a machine-milled ceramic restorative system. Sixty inlay specimens were prepared from a pre-fabricated feldspathic porcelain (Vitablocs Mark 2) by means of a computer integrated manufacturing system (Cerec 2). Specimens were divided into 12 groups according to original cavity preparations consisting of four inclinations of the cusp (0°, 15°, 30° and 45°) and three types of cavity form (tapered box, regular box, and undercut box). The restorations were cemented with a dual-activated luting agent (Clapearl DC) and cut into two halves with a low speed cutting saw, after which adaptation at the occlusal surface of each inlay specimen was measured with a microscope. The results showed that the inclination of the cusp did not affect adaptation of the restorations (P 〉 0˙05), whereas the inlay specimens inserted into undercut cavity preparation exhibited significantly poor adaptation as compared with those inserted into regular and tapered cavities in two inclinations of the cusp (0° and 15°; P 〈 0˙05). The experimental results suggest that either regular or tapered box form cavity preparation is preferable to the undercut box form to improve occlusal marginal adaptation of the Cerec 2 ceramic restorative system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00798.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast showing sulfomucin production (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 36 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00918-3.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: case reports and review of the literature (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 40 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.t01-5-01390.x
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