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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of anthropometric parameters on ultrasound measurements of os calcis (1995)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 5 (1995), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Anthropometric parameters ; BUA ; SOS ; Ultrasound
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Few data have been published concerning the influence of height, weight and body mass index (BMI) on broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS) and Lunar “stiffness” index, and always in small population samples. The first aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine whether anthropometric factors have a significant influence on ultrasound measurements. The second objective was to establish whether these parameters have real effect on bone or whether their infuence is due only to measurement errors. We measured, in 271 healthy French women (mean age 77±11 years; range 31–97 years), the following parameters: age, height, weight, lean and fat body mass, heel width, foot length, knee height and height of the external malleolus (HEM). Simple linear regression analyses between ultrasound and anthropometric parameters were performed. Age, height and heel width were significant predictors of SOS; age, height, weight, foot length, heel width, HEM, fat mass and lean mass were significant predictors of BUA; age, height, weight, heel width, HEM, fat mass and lean mass were significant predictors of stiffness. In the multiple regression analysis, once the analysis had been adjusted for age, only heel width was a significant predictor for SOS (p=0.0007), weight for BUA (p=0.0001), and weight (p=0.0001) and heel width (p=0.004) for the stiffness index. Besides their statistical meaning, the regression coefficients have a more clinically relevant interpretation which is developed in the text. These results confirm the influence of anthropometric factors on the ultrasonic parameter values, because BUA and SOS were in part dependent on heel width and weight. The influence of the position of the transducer on the calcaneus should be taken into account to optimize the methods of measurement using ultrasound.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622259
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    How Hip and Whole-Body Bone Mineral Density Predict Hip Fracture in Elderly Women: The EPIDOS Prospective Study (1998)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Aging – Bone mineral density – Hip fracture – Osteoporosis – Prospective study
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: We conducted a population-based cohort study in 7598 white healthy women, aged 75 years and over, recruited from the voting lists. We measured at baseline bone mineral density (BMD g/cm2) of the proximal femur (neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle) and the whole body, as well as fat and lean body mass, by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). One hundred and fifty-four women underwent a hip fracture during an average 2 years follow-up. Each standard deviation decrease in BMD increased the risk of hip fracture adjusted for age, weight and centre by 1.9 (95% CL 1.5, 2.3) for the femoral neck, 2.6 times (2.0, 3.3) for the trochanter, 1.8 times (1.4, 2.2) for Ward's triangle, 1.6 times (1.2, 2.0) for the whole body, and 1.3 times (1.0, 1.5) for the fat mass. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were not significantly different between trochanter and femoral neck BMD, whereas ROC curves of femoral neck and trochanter BMD were significantly better than those for Ward's triangle and whole-body BMD. emsp;Women who sustained an intertrochanteric fracture were older (84 ± 4.5 years) than women who had a cervical fracture (81 ± 4.5 years) and trochanter BMD seemed to be a stronger predictor of intertrochanteric ([RR = 4.5 (3.1, 6.5)] than cervical fractures ([RR = 1.8 (1.5, 2.3]). emsp;In very elderly women aged 80 years and more, hip BMD was still a significant predictor of hip fracture but the relative risk was significantly lower than in women younger than 80 years. emsp;In the 48% of women who had a femoral neck BMD T-score less than –2.5, the relative risk of hip fracture was increased by 3, and the unadjusted incidence of hip fracture was 16.4 per 1000 woman-years compared with 1.1 in the population with a femoral neck BMD T-score 5–1.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050061
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calcium, Vitamin D and Vitamin K in the Prevention of Fractures due to Osteoporosis (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 9 (1999), S. S48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00004161
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fractal Analysis of Bone Texture on Os Calcis Radiographs Compared with Trabecular Microarchitecture Analyzed by Histomorphometry (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Fractal analysis—Os calcis—Radiographs—Histomorphometry—Microarchitecture.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract. Microarchitecture of trabecular bone is an important determinant of bone fragility; to date, its evaluation requires bone biopsy with histomorphometry analysis. Methods of noninvasive characterization of trabecular bone microarchitecture are in development and we have developed and validated a bone texture analysis applied to bone radiographs and based on fractal geometry. The aim of our study was to compare this fractal analysis of trabecular bone texture on radiographs to the trabecular microarchitecture analyzed by bone histomorphometry on os calcis biopsies. Thirty eight ossa calcis from 19 human cadavers were studied. Fractal analysis of the trabecular bone of os calcis radiographs was performed by the maximum likelihood estimator following the fractional brownian motion model. The ossa calcis were dissected, then transcortical biopsy cores focused on the fractal analysis region of interest were obtained. Structural and connectivity parameters were measured with both automatic and semiautomatic analyzers. We have found a significant relationship between the fractal Hmean parameter and structural histomorphometric indices; the best correlation was found with trabecular separation (r =−0.55; P= 0.0004). Based on a stepwise regression analysis, trabecular spacing and trabeculae number together would explain 38% of the variance of the fractal parameter. Although the relationship with connectivity indices was poor, our fractal analysis of os calcis trabecular bone texture on radiographs seemed to partially reflect the trabecular bone microarchitecture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900501
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Letter (1995)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 5 (1995), S. 211-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106102
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Treatment of Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis or Low Bone Density with Raloxifene (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 10 (1999), S. 330-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Key words:Bone density – Lipids – Menopause – Osteoporosis – Raloxifene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), has been shown to improved bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid profiles in healthy postmenopausal women. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of raloxifene on BMD, biochemical markers of bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal women with low bone density or osteoporosis. This Phase II, multicenter, 24-month, double-masked study assessed the efficacy and safety of raloxifene in 129 postmenopausal women (mean age ± SD: 60.2 ± 6.7 years) with osteoporosis or low bone density (baseline mean lumbar spine BMD T-score: −2.8). Women were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: placebo, 60 mg/day raloxifene-HCl (RLX 60) or 150 mg/day raloxifene-HCl (RLX 150) and concomitantly received 1000 mg/day calcium and 300 U/day vitamin D3. At 24 months, BMD was significantly increased in the lumbar spine (+3.2%), femoral neck (+2.1%), trochanter (+2.7%) and total hip (+1.6%) in the RLX 60 group compared with the placebo group (p〈0.05). The RLX 150 group had increases in BMD similar to those observed with RLX 60. A greater percentage of raloxifene-treated patients, compared with those receiving placebo, had increased BMD (p〈0.05). Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity, serum osteocalcin, and urinary type I collagen:creatinine ratio were significantly decreased in the RLX-treated groups, compared with the placebo group (p〈0.01). RLX 60 treatment significantly decreased serum levels of triglycerides, and total- and LDL-cholesterol levels (p〈0.01). The rates of patient discontinuation and adverse events were not significantly different among groups. In this study, raloxifene increased bone density, decreased bone turnover, and improved the serum lipid profile with minimal adverse events, and may be a safe and effective treatment for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or low bone density.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050236
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-Resolution Computed Tomography for Architectural Characterization of Human Lumbar Cancellous Bone: Relationships with Histomorphometry and Biomechanics (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 10 (1999), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Key words:High-resolution computed tomography – Histomorphometry – Human cancellous bone – Mechanical properties
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: The aim of the present study on human vertebral cancellous bone was to validate structural parameters measured with high-resolution (150 μm) computed tomography (HRCT) by referring to histomorphometry and to try to predict mechanical properties of bone using HRCT. Two adjacent vertical cores were removed from the central part of human L2 vertebral body taken after necropsy in 22 subjects aged 47–95 years (10 women, 12 men; mean age 79 ± 14 years). The right core was used for structural analysis performed by both HRCT and histomorphometry. Two cancellous bone specimens were extracted from the left core: a cube for HRCT and a compression test, and a cylinder for a shear test. Significant correlations were found between HRCT and histomorphometric measurements (BV/TV, trabecular thickness, separation and number, and node-strut analysis), but with higher values for most of the tomographic parameters (BV/TV and trabecular thickness determined by HRCT were overestimated by a factor 3.5 and 2.5 respectively, as compared with histomorphometry). The maximum compressive strength and Young’s modulus were highly correlated (ρ= 0.99, p〈0.0005). Significant correlation was obtained between bone mineral density (determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and the maximum compressive strength (ρ= 0.64, p= 0.002). In addition the maximum compressive strength and architectural parameters determined by HRCT or histomorphometry showed significant correlations (e.g., for HRCT, BV/TV: ρ = 0.88, p〈0.0005, N.Nd/TV: ρ= 0.73, p〈0.001). The shear strength was significantly correlated with BV/TV (ρ= 0.62, p= 0.002), Tb.Sp (ρ=−0.58, p= 0.004) and TSL (ρ= 0.55, p= 0.006) measured by HRCT. In conclusion, an HRCT system with 150 μm resolution is not sufficient to predict the true values of the structural parameters measured by histomorphometry, although high correlations were found between the two methods. However, we showed that a resolution of 150 μm allowed us to predict the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone. In vivo peripheral systems with such a resolution should be of interest and would deliver an acceptable radiation dose to the patient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050240
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of Bone Mineral Density in Mother–Daughter Pairs for Evaluating the Family Influence on Bone Mass Acquisition: A GRIO Survey (1998)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Key words:Bone mineral density – Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry – Genetics – Heredity – Osteoporosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: The relative influence of genetic and environmental determinants on bone mass is still unclear. Using an original multicentric mode of recruitment, based on absorptiometry current practice, the hypothesis of a familial predisposition to low bone mineral content was assessed. The study was based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of lumbar and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), using daughters of women with a low BMD (case mothers). These BMD values were compared with those of control daughters of women with a normal BMD. Case mothers (n= 72) aged 54.3 ± 4.8 years were recruited on the basis of a questionnaire and a vertebral Z-score 〈 – 2 SD. Their healthy daughters of more than 20 years (n= 77) aged 28.2 ± 4.9 years had their vertebral and femoral BMD Z-score determined. The control groups were composed of mothers aged 54.1 ± 4.7 years, paired by age ± 2 years to the case mothers, and of their daughters of more than 20 years old, aged 27.7 ± 5.8 years. For daughters, a significant difference was found between the mean vertebral Z-scores (–0.82 ± 1.08 for cases and 0.01 ± 1.14 for controls, p 〈 0.0001). The difference was in the same direction but was not statistically significant for mean femoral Z-scores (–0.58 ± 1.15 for cases and –0.22 ± 1.33 for controls, p 〈0.073). These findings confirm the hypothesis of a familial predisposition to low BMD.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050078
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gastrointestinal calcium absorption and dietary calcium load: Relationships with bone remodelling in vertebral osteoporosis (1995)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 5 (1995), S. 14-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Schlagwort(e): Bone histomorphometry ; Calcium-47 ; Calcium absorption ; Osteoporosis ; Vitamin D
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Patients with vertebral osteoporosis have a wide range of bone loss rates, bone remodelling rates and capacities for gastrointestinal (GI) calcium absorption. To test the hypothesis that variations in GI absorptive capacity determine rates of bone loss or remodelling, we have sought relationships betwen calcium absorption or vitamin D metabolite levels on the one hand and rates of cancellous and cortical bone loss (measured by serial quantiative computed tomography in the radius;n=25) or indices of bone remodelling in tetracycline-prelabelled transiliac biopsies (n=41) on the other, in a sequential untreated group. Calcium absorption (net and true) was measured in 18-day balances and by a two-isotope deconvolution method (fractional absorption and maximum absorption rate, MAR). There was no significant seasonal effect on any of these four measures of calcium absorption (variance ratio,F=0.52–1.61,p〉0.1) or on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels (F=0.13,p〉0.1; range 11–69 pg/ml), notwithstanding the expected seasonal effect on 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (mean 18.7 ng/ml, zenith mid July, semi-amplitude 7.5 ng/ml;F=6.82,p〈0.01). Neither this metabolite nor 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D correlated with any index of calcium absorption (p〉0.1). No measure of calcium absorption (or intake) had a significant relationship with radial cortical or cancellous bone loss (p all 〉0.1) but cancellous bone loss was associated with the rate of endogenous calcium excretion (r=0.50,p〈0.05). A positive relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and unlabelled osteoid surface (a marker of reduced blast vigour) persisted after adjustment for season (Student'st=2.70,p〈0.01) but did not reflect 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. This study did not address the question of whether reduced GI calcium absorption has a uniform effect on bone remodelling in osteoporosis. However, variations in capacity for calcium absorption are unlikely to be responsible for the heterogeneity in bone loss and remodelling rates seen in vertebral osteoporosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623653
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    What is the future for fluoride in the treatment of osteoporosis? (1995)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 5 (1995), S. 71-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623306
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