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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Oestradiol treatment ; rat ; ovariectomy ; adrenalectomy ; plasma glucose ; plasma insulin ; plasma glucagon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interference of adrenal hormones with the oestradiol-induced modifications of endocrine pancreatic function remains controversial. For this reason, we compared sham-operated, ovariectomized and adrenalectomized-ovariectomized female rats. In each group, control and 17-β-oestradiol-treated rats (0.1 mg/day for 14 days) were studied, the latter group being compared with similar rats treated with corticosterone (0.4 mg/day). Oestradiol treatment induced hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinism in basal and glucose-stimulated states, and hypoglucagonaemia. The presence of adrenal glands was necessary for the full expression of oestradiol effects on pancreatic islet B cells: in adrenalectomized-ovariectomized rats, oestradiol treatment induced an unexpected decrease in insulin response to intravenous glucose, and in pancreatic insulin content. Corticosterone treatment partly restored the oestradiol-induced rise of plasma insulin, and restored the B cell response to intravenous glucose. A permissive action of glucocorticoids may be a prerequisite for the effect of oestrogens on B cells. Since oestrogens by themselves augment the plasma corticosterone level, the insulinotropic effect of oestrogens may be partly mediated by the increase in endogenous corticosteroids. In contrast, oestradiol seems to suppress islet A cell function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 489-494 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Edible dormouse (Glis glis) ; hibernating mammal ; dynamics of insulin release ; insulin secretion ; glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ; perfused pancreas ; B cell ; seasonal variations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to characterize seasonal variations of beta cell function in the edible dormouse (Glis glis), the dynamics of insulin release were examined during perfusion of the isolated pancreas. The B cells exhibited biphasic insulin secretion; however, the dynamic response differed from that of the rat in that there was a steady-state second release phase. Glucose-induced insulin release changed according to the seasons. With 16.8 mmol/l glucose, the average insulin release of the late phase was 30.8 ±12.6 ng/min in winter, 7.4±3.2 ng/min in spring, 13.1±3 ng/min in summer and 23.3±4.4 ng/min in autumn. The glucose-induced insulin release, expressed as percent of the insulin content of the pancreas, varied according to the season: it represented 2.23±0.31% in winter, 1.28±0.10% in spring, 1.56±0.15 in summer and 2.6±0.11 in autumn. It is suggested that in spring and summer, the edible dormouse B cell secretion mechanism is less sensitive to glucose than in the other seasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Adrenal medulla ; adrenaline ; serum insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'insuline «totale», l'insuline «non supprimable» et l'insuline «supprimable», dosées par la méthode du diaphragme de Rat, ainsi que l'insuline immunoréactive, ont été mesurées dans le sérum de rats normaux, de rats surrénalectomisés traités par des hormones corticosurrénaliennes et de rats à surrénale énucléée. — Les différentes formes d'activité insulinique sont plus élevées chez le Rat médulloprive que chez le Rat normal. L'insuline immunoreactive est, par contre, identique dans les deux groupes d'animaux. Ceci s'explique par le fait déjà démontré que l'adrénaline est un inhibiteur (et non un antagoniste) de l'effet de l'insuline sur le muscle et le tissu adipeux. — L'influence du niveau glycémique sur la sécrétion pancréatique se traduit, chez le Rat normal, par une relation linéaire entre la glycémie et linsulinémie. En l'absence de la médullosurrénale, les pentes des droites correspondant aux trois formes d'insuline mesurées par la méthode du diaphragme sont augmentées. Il ne s'agit cependant pas d'un effet de l'adrénaline sur la sécrétion insulinique mais de l'absence de l'effet inhibiteur de l'adrénaline dans le sérum des rats médulloprives, comme l'ont montré des expériences«in vitro». — Les réponses pancréatiques à des surcharges en glucose et la sécrétion d'insuline «invitro» dans du tampon ou du sérum de rats surrénalectomisés glucoses à 1 mg ou 7.5 mg/ml, n'ont pas permis de mettre en évidence une influence de l'adrénaline endogène sur la sécrétion d'insuline par le pancréas.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die “totale“, die “nicht hemmbare“ und die „hemmbare“ Insulinaktivität wurde im Rattenserum, mit der Zwerchfellmethode gemessen, ferner das immunoreaktive Insulin (IRI). Die Bestimmungen wurden bei normalen Ratten, bei nebennierenlosen Tieren, mit oder ohne Nebennierenrmdenhormonenbehandlung und bei Ratten ohne Nebennierenmark vorgenommen. —Nach Nebennierenmarkexstirpation ist die Insulinaktivität des Serums größer als zuvor, doch das IRI bleibt unverändert. Diese Differenz ist dem Adrenalin, das ein Inhibitor des Insulins ist und dessen Effekt auf die Glucoseaufnahme des Zwerchfells und des Fettgewebes verringert, zuzuschreiben. — Bei den normalen Tieren besteht eine lineare Beziehung zwischen der Glykämie und dem Insulingehalt des Serums. Wenn kein Nebennierenmark mehr vorhanden ist, ist die Neigung der Geraden stärker, gleich um welche der Insulinaktivitäten es sich auch handelt. Dies ist nicht einer Wirkung des Adrenalins auf die Insulinsekretion, vielmehr der Abwesenheit des inhibitorischen Effektes dieses Hormons bei den nebennierenmarklosen Ratten, wie es die„in vitro“ Experimente zeigen, zuzuschreiben. — Ein Einfluß des endogenen Adrenalins auf die Insulinsekretion bei Tieren, die keinem Stress unterworfen waren, konnte nicht bewiesen werden, obwohl das Verhalten unter Glucosebelastung und die„in vitro“ Insulinsekretion überprüft wurden.
    Notes: Summary “Total”, “non-suppressible” and “suppressible” serum insulin-like activities in normal rats, in adrenalectomized rats treated with corticosteroids and in rats with demedullated adrenals were measured using the rat diaphragm “in vitro” and the immunoreactive insulin determined by a radio-immunological procedure. — The three forms of insulin-like activities were higher in the demedullated than in the normal rat. In contrast, the levels of immunoreactive insulin were identical in the two groups of animals. These results can be explained by the fact that epinephrine is an inhibitor (and not an antagonist) of insulin action on muscle and adipose tissue. —The influence of the basal serum glucose level on insulin secretion was seen in the normal rat, by a linear relationship between the serum glucose levels and the serum insulin concentrations. In the absence of the adrenal medulla, the slopes corresponding to the three forms of insulin-like activities measured by the rat diaphragm were increased. However, this phenomenon was not related to an influence of epinephrine on insulin secretion: “in vitro” experiments showed that the inhibitory effect of physiological doses of epinephrine was greater when the concentration of insulin in the medium was elevated, which explains the observations made“in vivo”. — The serum response “in vivo” to glucose loads, and the insulin secretion “in vitro” into a medium or into sera taken from adrenalectomized rats and brought to a glucose concentration of 1 or 7.5 mg/ml, have not led to the demonstration of an influence of basal concentrations of endogenous epinephrine on the pancreatic secretion of insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Adrenal cortex ; corticosteroids ; serum insulin ; permissive action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La surrénalectomie diminue l'insuline «supprimable» et l'insuline «non supprimable» mises en évidence par la méthode du diaphragme ainsi que celle que mesure la technique immunologique. — Nous n'avons pas pu mettre en évidence d'interaction périphérique entre hormones corticosurrénaliennes et insuline. Par contre, nous avons précisé l'influence de la corticosurrénale sur la sécrétion insulinique de trois façons. — La relation glycémieinsulinémie, qui n'existe pas chez le Rat surrénalectomisé, est rétablie après un traitement par la corticosterone ou l'hydrocortisone. On l'observe chez le Rat à surrénale énucléée si son sérum contient de la corticostérone. —Lors d'une surcharge en glucose le pancréas du Rat surrénalectomisé répond mal à l'augmentation de la glycémie, alors que le Rat à surrénale énucléée répond aussi bien que le Rat normal. — Enfin, les expériences de sécrétion pancréatique «in vitro» dans un milieu tampon ou dans du sérum ont montré que les fragments de pancréas prélevés sur des rats surrénalectomisés sécrètent moins d'insuline que ceux de rats normaux ou de rats à surrénale énucléée, si la concentration en glucose est dans des limites physiologiques. Pour des concentrations en glucose élevées (7.5 mg/ml) la sécrétion d'insuline du pancréas de rats surrénalectomisés s'accroît, mais n'atteint pas les valeurs observées dans les deux autres groupes de rats. — Par conséquent, la présence d'hormones corticosurrénaliennes dans le sérum est nécessaire pour que la sécrétion insulinique réponde normalement aux variations du glucose sanguin.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die hemmbare und die nicht hemmbare Insulinaktivität (Zwerchfellmethode) und das immunologisch meßbare Insulin wird bei der Ratte durch Nebennierenexstirpation verringert. — Eine gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Nebennierenrinden-Hormone und des Insulins in der Peripherie konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden, dagegen wurde der Einfluß der Nebennierenrinde auf die Insulin-Sekretion bestätigt. — Die lineare Funktion, die zwischen Blutzucker- und Insulinspiegeln bei normalen Tieren besteht, existiert nach der Adrenalektomie nicht mehr, wird aber durch Behandlung der operierten Ratten mit Nebennierenrinden-Hormonen wieder hervorgerufen. — Während einer Glucosebelastung antwortet das Pankreas der adrenalektomierten Ratte nur geringfügig auf die Blutzuckererhöhung, dagegen reagierten Tiere, denen das Nebennierenmark entfernt worden war, mit normaler Insulinausschüttung. — Bei Inkubation von Pankreasstückchen in Pufferlösung oder Serum zeigte sich, daß innerhalb physiologischer Glucosekonzentrationen die Pankreasteilchen von adrenalektomierten Ratten auchin vitro weniger Insulin ausschütten als die von Normaltieren oder Tieren nach Entfernung des Nebennierenmarkes. Bei hohen Glucosekonzentrationen steigt die Insulinsekretion der Pankreasstückchen von nebennierenlosen Tieren geringer als die der Gewebsteilchen der beiden anderen Gruppen an. — Zusammenfassend läßt sich sagen, daß Nebennierenrinden-Hormone im Serum vorhanden sein müssen, um eine normale Anpassung der Insulin-ausschüttung an Änderungen des Blutzuckerspiegels zu ermöglichen.
    Notes: Summary Adrenalectomy decreased “suppressible” and “nonsuppressible” serum insulin-like activities, which were shown by the rat diaphragm method, and insulin which was measured by an immunological procedure. —We were not able to find any peripheral correlation between eorticosteroid hormones and insulin. On the other hand, we have shown the influence of the adrenal cortex on insuline by 3 means. — The relation between serum glucose and serum insulin concentration, which was not present in the adrenalectomized rat, was reestablished after corticosterone or hydrocortisone treatment. It was also seen in the demedullated rat when corticosterone was present in the serum. — During a glucose tolerance test, the pancreatic insulin response was poor in the adrenalectomized rat, but was as good in the demedullated as in the normal rat. — Finally, “in vitro” experiments demonstrated that pancreas fragments obtained from adrenalectomized rats secreted less insulin than pancreas fragments obtained from demedullated or normal animals, when the incubation was carried out in buffer or serum, at physiological glucose levels. When the buffer or serum glucose concentration was raised to 7.5 mg/ml, the amount of insulin secreted by the pancreas obtained from adrenalec tomized rats was increased, but it still remained less than the amount of insulin secreted in the other groups. — Therefore, the presence in the serum of corticosteroid hormones was necessary to permit a normal pancreatic insulin secretion in response to changes in blood glucose concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'≪insulinémie apparente≫ a été estimée dans des serums de rats ou des mélanges d'insuline et d'adrénaline par les méthodes du diaphragme et du tissu adipeux de rat. Chez le rat, l'autogreffe ou l'énucléation de la surrénale augmentent l'≪insulinémie apparente≫, alors que l'adjonction d'adrénaline à un sérum normal la diminue. L'adrénaline, à concentrations physiologiques, n'agit pas en antagoniste, mais en inhibiteur de l'insuline. Enfin, l'augmentation de l'≪insulinémie apparente≫ consécutive à la dilution du sérum semble être due, à la fois, à la dilution des substances antagonistes et inhibitrices, en particulier de l'adrénaline, et à la libération d'une fraction insulinique normalement masquée dans le sérum entier.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die insulinähnliche Aktivität von Rattenserum und Insulin-Adrenalin-Mischungen wurde mit der Zwerchfell- sowie mit der Fettgewebs-Methode gemessen und in μE/ml ausgedrückt. Demedullation oder Transplantation der Nebenniere bei der Ratte steigert die insulinähnliche Aktivität, die Zugabe von Adrenalin zum Normalserum dagegen vermindert sie. In physiologischen Konzentrationen wirkt Adrenalin nicht als Antagonist, sondern als Inhibitor des Insulins, da Adrenalin in Abwesenheit des Insulins ohne Effekt auf das Zwerchfell und auf das Fettgewebe ist. Die durch Verdünnen des Serums auftretende Steigerung der insulinähnlichen Aktivität scheint zwei Ursachen zu haben: Die Verdännung der hemmenden Substanzen (Adrenalin) und die Freisetzung einer im unverdünnten Serum unwirksamen Insulinfraktion.
    Notes: Summary The insulin-like activity (ILA) of rat serum and of insulin-adrenaline mixtures was estimated by both rat diaphragm and rat adipose tissue methods and expressed in μ units/ml. The ILA of the rat serum strikingly increases after demedullation or transplantation of the adrenal gland; the addition of adrenaline to normal rat serum decreases its ILA. In “in vitro” experiments, it was found that adrenaline exhibits an inhibitory but not antagonistic effect upon insulin activity, i.e. that adrenaline has no action upon muscle or adipose tissue in the absence of insulin. Finally the rise of the ILA provoked by dilution of rat serum seems to be due to the dilution of inhibitory substances (such as adrenaline) and to the liberation of an insulin fraction which is masked in the whole serum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Bovine dowel ; cervical discectomy ; interbody fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anterior cervical discectomy and vertebral interbody fusion is a widely used technique in the treatment of radicular or cord compression. Instead of using autologous bone removed from the iliac crest, a heterologous bovine dowel was used for fusion. Sixty-six patients presenting with radicular pain or myelopathy were entered into the study retrospectively. Medial herniated, soft or calcified disc, osteophytes with and without herniated disc material, and bony stenosis at one or two levels were shown by CT or MRI studies. Postoperatively, 88% of the patients noted relief of pain and motor improvement. Most of the patients' sensory deficits and myelopathy improved within 6–12 months. No complications occurred and only one re-operation had to be performed at the same level. In the follow-up period between 1–4 years, no cases of instability after surgery were reported. Operating time and postoperative pain were reduced because bone harvest from the iliac crest was not necessary. In postoperatively performed CT and MRI, the bovine dowel was surrounded by a “halo”-like structure and the specific structure of the bovine implant was still present. No real bony fusion occurred, but clinical stability was equivalent to autologous bone fusion reported in the literature. However, there was no MRI evidence of “living bone tissue” within the bovine dowel. This finding is in contrast to the current belief that the bovine implant is replaced or infiltrated by bony growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 134 (1995), S. 159-166 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Failure ; pituitary adenoma ; treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three patients with pituitary adenomas (ACTH-secreting, non-secretory, and multi-secretory) with unfavorable course, in spite of repeated microsurgery, drag therapy, as well as radiotherapy and radiosurgery, are presented. Each case was re-evaluated for possible flaws in management. Two of the invasive tumors continued to grow, in spite of correct management. The third patient with a pituitary adenoma underwent microsurgical resection, and later following a false positive finding of recurrence, received radiotherapy and underwent radiosurgery. The lesion actually was chronic inflammatory tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0011-2240
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vistas in Astronomy 18 (1975), S. 139-142 
    ISSN: 0083-6656
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 78 (1984), S. 559-563 
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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