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  • Electronic Resource  (13)
  • 1995-1999  (13)
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  • Electronic Resource  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical response in two-dimensional optical superlattices with Kerr nonlinearity (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present an analysis of the steady state optical response of two-dimensional optical superlattices with Kerr nonlinearity. We consider the effects of the modification of the refractive index modulation strengths in the superlattices and the angular deviation of incoming radiation from Bragg conditions. We find that under Bragg incidence the system displays optical bistability only when the modulation ratio exceeds a certain threshold. We also predict that optical bistability can disappear under non-Bragg incidence. Physical considerations are presented and discussed on how to optimize the chances for observing optical bistability in such a superlattice. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362782
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability and annealing of columnar defects in Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8/Ag superconductor (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1007-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work establishes the stability at elevated temperatures of columnar defects, artificially formed in the Bi-based cupric oxide superconductor Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2O8 for enhanced vortex pinning. Isochronal anneals, conducted in air, led to losses of critical current density in two stages. The defects were relatively stable up to ∼550 °C, where second stage annealing began; above this, the pinning diminished rapidly. The recrystallization and loss of columnar defects were corroborated by transmission electron microscopy. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114712
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of Mn valence conversion and oxygen vacancies in La1−xCaxMnO3−y using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 3362-3364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using the white line intensities, electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope has been employed to characterize the valence conversion and oxygen vacancies in La1−xCaxMnO3−y. For a nominal doping composition x=0.33, the ratio of Mn4+ to Mn3+ is determined to be more than 0.25 but less than 0.5, and the content of oxygen vacancy y is no more than 0.065 (equivalent to 2.2 at. % of the oxygen content). At ymax=0.065, 60% of the residual charge introduced by Ca doping is balanced by the conversion of Mn3+to Mn4+ and 40% by oxygen vacancy. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119171
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Link-up of 90° domain boundaries with interface dislocations in BaTiO3/LaAlO3 (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 3093-3095 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Interface microstructures of BaTiO3/LaAlO3 grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Interface dislocations in BaTiO3/LaAlO3 have been shown to be directly linked up with the 90° domain boundaries in BaTiO3. This association is a result of strain relief due to a phase transformation when cooled down from the growth temperature. The Burgers vector of the interface dislocations is 〈010〉. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116433
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmon energy shift in mesoporous and double length-scale ordered nanoporous silica (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2629-2631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron energy-loss spectroscopy studies are reported on three different types of structures: solid silica spheres, mesoporous silica, and the double length-scale ordered (DLSO) porous silica. The mesoporous silica has porosity at the length scale of nanometers. The DLSO porous silica has an additional ordering on submicron hollows created by the template polystyrene spheres. The plasmon energy of the porous silica shows a significant shift in comparison to that of the bulk, suggesting that the local density of the bound electrons in the porous structures is lower than that in the bulk. This gives the possibility of tuning the electronic structure of silica by varying its porosity, leading to even lower dielectric loss. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123919
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial growth of BaTiO3 thin films at 600 °C by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2801-2803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: BaTiO3 thin films were grown epitaxially on (100) MgO substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at a temperature of 600 °C. This substrate temperature is the lowest reported temperature for the growth of epitaxial BaTiO3 films by an MOCVD process. The films had a cube–cube orientation relationship with the substrate and were oriented with an a-axis perpendicular to the substrate plane. Nanoscale energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry measurements showed no evidence of interdiffusion between the film and substrate. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113480
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteotomy at the knee for advanced cases of Kashin-Beck disease (1998)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 22 (1998), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. Les résultats de 247 ostéotomies du genou sont analysés sur 195 patients atteints de la maladie de Kashin-Beck. La technique d’ostéotomie utilisée se caractérise, au niveau de la métaphyse distale du fémur, par la réalisation d’une section supracondylienne présentant un ergot cortical et au niveau de la métaphyse proximale du tibia par une section respectant l’insertion du ligament rotulien en la contournant distalement. Vu l’absence de matériel de fixation interne ou externe, l’impaction des fragments permet de stabiliser efficacement la correction de l’axe mécanique. Depuis 1983, 37 genu vara et 210 genu valga ont été ostéotomisés. Les résultats présentent la distribution des déformations angulaires initiales et les corrections obtenues après ostéotomie. L’amélioration fonctionelle confirme l’intérêt de cette technique en l’absence de matériel d’ostéosynthèse.
    Notes: Summary. The results of 247 osteotomies at the knee were analysed in 195 patients with Kashin-Beck disease. Since 1983, 37 varus and 210 valgus deformities have been operated on. Supracondylar osteotomy was carried out so that there is a cortical spike in the distal metaphysis which is impacted into the femoral condyle. A U-shaped tibial osteotomy is made 0.5 cm below the growth plate and around the insertion of the patellar ligament. The mechanical axis is corrected and stability obtained by impacting the fragments; internal fixation is not used. Correction of the initial angular deformities was achieved after the osteotomies, and function was improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002640050215
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron Statistical Dynamical Diffuse Scattering in Crystals Containing Short-Range-Order Point Defects (1996)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 717-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A formal statistical dynamical theory is developed to calculate diffuse scattering produced by short-range order (SRO) in a distorted crystal structure with consideration of atomic thermal vibrations. Diffuse scattering not only produces fine details in diffraction patterns but also introduces a non-local imaginary potential function that reduces the intensities of the Bragg reflected beams. The distribution of the diffusely scattered electrons and the Fourier coefficients of the absorption potential are directly related to a dynamic form factor S(Q,Q′), which has been calculated with consideration of SRO in the distorted lattices. The statistical structure average on imperfections is performed analytically and the final result is correlated to Cowley's short-range-order parameters. The theory is formulated in the Bloch-wave scheme (Bethe theory) for the convenience of numerical calculation in transmission electron diffraction. A rigorous theoretical proof is given to show that the inclusion of a complex potential in the dynamical calculation automatically recovers the contributions made by the high-order diffuse scattering, although the calculation is done using the equation derived for single diffuse scattering. This simply expands the capability of conventional single diffuse scattering theories. Therefore, the complex potential has a much richer meaning than the conventional interpretation of absorption effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767396005338
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrakis(μ-DL-alanine-O:O')octaaquadierbium(III) Hexaperchlorate (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1565-1568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270194013752
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamical theories of dark-field imaging using diffusely scattered electrons in STEM and TEM (1995)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 569-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Dynamical theories of atomic number sensitive image (or Z-contrast image) formed by thermal diffusely scattered (TDS) electrons are proposed based on first-principles considerations. `Exact' theories are derived for simulating images obtained either in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using an annular dark-field detector or in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using an on-axis objective aperture under hollow-cone beam illumination. The atom thermal vibrations are described using lattice dynamics with consideration of phase correlations. The effects that are comprehensively covered in the theory include: dynamical diffraction of the beam before and after TDS, thickness-dependent beam broadening or channelling, Huang scattering from defect regions, coherence of the thermal diffusely scattered electrons generated from the atomic layers packed within the coherent length, multiphonon and multiple phonon excitations, and the detector geometry. Simplified theories have been derived from this unified approach under various approximations. It has been shown that the incoherent imaging theory is a much simplified case of the practical imaging condition, and can be applied only for qualitative image interpretation. The coherent length in the z direction varies with the change of atomic mass in the column. It is thus possible that the z coherence may disappear for heavy elements. Finally, the theory of Huang scattering in high-angle dark-field TEM imaging has been illustrated, and the theoretically expected results have been observed experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767395002066
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