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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkylating properties of phosphate esters. 1. Oxygen .fwdarw. nitrogen methyl transfer in dimethyl (2-pyridylmethyl) phosphate (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 51 (1986), S. 265-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00352a033
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin Density Distribution and Electronic Structure of Radical Anions of Ladder-type Oligorylenes (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 116 (1994), S. 7341-7348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00095a043
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of cGMP and Ca2+ in Vertebrate Photoreceptor Excitation and Adaptation (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 54 (1992), S. 153-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.54.030192.001101
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bis(N-piperidyldithiocarbamato)copper(III) hexafluorophosphate: an unexpected product from the disproportionation of 1,12-bis(N-piperidyl)-2,5,8,11-tetrathiadodeca-1,12-dithionato-CuI.PF6 (1991)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 26-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270190007168
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kurzfristige Produktionsprogrammplanung in einem Hochofenwerk durch intensitätsmäßige Anpassungsmaßnahmen (1991)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 13 (1991), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The following contribution describes the planning of the production in a metallurgical plant with four blast furnaces. Basing on a fixed demand for pig iron per day which is to be fulfilled, it is to decide, how the production is to distribute among the four blast furnaces, when the costs of production are to be minimized. Subsequently the problem is extended by changing the demand for pig iron step by step. The optimal solution of this problem is achieved by using the methods of linear programming and mathematical statistics.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt die Produktionsplanung für ein Hochofenwerk mit vier Hochöfen. Ausgehend von einer fest vorgegebenen Erzeugungsmenge muß entschieden werden, wie die Produktion auf vier Hochöfen zu verteilen ist, damit die Produktionskosten das Minimum erreichen. Für die Lösungsdarstellung wird die zu erzeugende Roheisenmenge schrittweise verändert. Die optimale Lösung wird mit Hilfe der Linearen Optimierung und der mathematischen Statistik ermittelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719770
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomerism in parabutylchloral; x-ray crystallographic determinations of 2,4,6-tris(1′,1′,2′-trichloropropyl)-1,3,5-trioxanes (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 15 (1985), S. 333-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract α-Parabutylchloral (2,4,6-tris(1′,1′,2′-trichloropropyl)-1,3,5-trioxane, C12H15Cl9O3) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupP212121 (No. 19) witha=12.165(6),b=9.964(5),c=17.433(9) Å,Z=4. The finalR value is 0.043 for 1667 observed reflections.β-Parabutylchloral crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupPna21 (No. 33), witha=12.387(6),b=10.488(5),c=16.605(8) Å,Z=4. The finalR value is 0.047 for 1417 observed reflections. Unlike the geometric isomersα- andβ-parachloral (CCl3CHO)3 which exist in boat andcis,cis-chair conformations, theα- andβ-forms of parabutylchloral (CH3CHClCCl2CHO)3 are now shown by X-ray crystallography not to be geometric isomers. Both forms exist incis,cis-chair conformations and the isomerism arises from the chirality of the side chains at theβ-carbon atoms. In theα-form only two of the side chains have the same chirality, but in theβ-form the chirality at all theβ-carbon atoms is the same. The X-ray results are supplemented by1H and13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01160726
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-dose prednisolone/chlorambucil therapy in patients with severe membranous glomerulonephritis (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because of the high rate of spontaneous remission, treatment of membranous nephropathy with prednisolone and chlorambucil is still controversial. The aim of this study was to give this therapy only to those patients at risk of developing renal insufficiency and to test the efficacy of a low-dose therapeutic regimen. Seventeen patients with more than 10 g protein excretion per day (mean 16.9) and/or a deterioration in renal function (mean serum creatinine, 162 μmol/l) were included. Serum total protein, serum lipids, proteinuria, serum creatinine, and blood pressure were measured, along with the diuretic and antihypertensive medication. The observation time before the start of treatment was 27 ± 27 months. Steroids were given during months 1, 3, and 5 (methylprednisolone 3 × 500 mg intravenously) prednisolone 0.5 mg/kgBW daily per os for 1 week, then tapered by 0.1 mg/kg BW/week for 1 month. Chlorambucil was given during months 2, 4, and 6 at a dose of 0.12 mg/kgBW daily. At the end of treatment proteinuria had significantly decreased (mean of all patients, 7.8 ± 1.4 g/d) in all patients. Six months after the end of treatment proteinuria was significantly lower than at baseline in 14 of 17 patients. Hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia had improved; diuretic and antihypertensive medication were reduced. Elevated serum creatinine decreased in 7 of 9 patients (pretreatment, 227 ± 39 μmol/1; 6 months, 176 ± 28 μmol/l). Nonresponders with respect to serum creatinine responded with respect to proteinuria. Regarding adverse effects, two patients complained of dyspepsia while taking steroids; during chlorambucil treatment two patients experienced nausea and lack of appetite, and one developed leukopenia (1600/μl). Chlorambucil was stopped and cell counts normalized 2 weeks later. We conclude that low-dose prednisolone/chlorambucil is both safe and efficient in the majority of patients with severe membranous nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180040
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erythropoietin und Hypertonie (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 914-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Erythropoietin ; Hypertension ; Erythropoietin ; Hypertonie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirksamkeit von rekombinantem humanem Erythropoietin (rhEpo) bei der Korrektur der Anämie des terminal niereninsuffizienten dialysepflichtigen Patienten ist in mehreren Studien belegt. Eine deutliche Verbesserung der physischen Leistungsfähigkeit konnte durch ergometrische Untersuchungen dokumentiert werden. Neben seltenen Shunt-Thrombosen ist die einzige relevante unerwünschte Wirkung von rhEpo die Entwicklung oder Aggravierung einer Hypertonie bei etwa 30% der behandelten Patienten. Bei ca. 2% der Patienten kam es zur hypertensiven Enzephalopathie mit zentralnervöser Symptomatik. Als Ursache für diese Hypertonie-Entwicklung ist ein Anstieg des peripheren Widerstands anzunehmen. Belege dafür sind Messungen des regionalen Blutflusses mit Plethysmographie vor und nach Anämie-Korrektur mit rhEpo. Ursache für den Widerstandsanstieg wiederum dürfte eine Zunahme der Vollblutviskosität und eine Abnahme der peripheren hypoxiebedingten Vasodilatation sein. Zur Prävention der hypertensiven Komplikationen bei rhEpo-Therapie werden eine langsame Hämatokrit-Korrektur über 12–16 Wochen und eine Begrenzung des Ziel-Hämatokrits auf 30–35 Vol. % bei strikter Blutdruck- und Volumenkontrolle empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) has been demonstrated in several studies to be effective in correcting the anemia of regular dialysis patients. This was accompanied by a significant improvement of the physical work capacity shown by exercise testing. The main side effect of rhEpo treatment has been the development or aggravation of hypertension in approximately 30% of the treated patients. In 2% hypertensive encephalopathy and convulsions occured. Data obtained by measurements of regional blood flow indicate the peripheral resistance did increase probably due to rise of blood viscosity and reversal of preexisting hypoxic vasodilatation. To avoid hypertensive complications anemia should be corrected slowly over a period of 12–16 weeks. Target hematocrit should not exceed 30–35 vol. %. Blood pressure and volume status should be monitored closely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728954
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effekte einer Captopriltherapie auf die Natrium- und Wasserausscheidung bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose und Aszites (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 774-783 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Liver cirrhosis ; Ascites ; Renin-angictensin-aldosterone-system ; Renal functional impairment ; Sodium excretion ; Captopril
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ascites in patients with cirrhosis of the liver frequently is refractory to diuretic treatment. It was postulated that vasoconstriction of the renal cortex, mediated by activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), may be one course of the disturbed sodium- and water-excretion in these patients. We therefore investigated in 14 cirrhotic patients with ascites under constant diuretic treatment the effects of low-dose captopril therapy on urinary sodium- and potassium-excretion, body weight, abdominal girth, serum-sodium,-potassium, creatinine-clearance, plasma-renin-activity (PRA), plasma-aldosterone (PA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). After a control period of 4 days the patients received 2 × 6.25 mg/d captopril for 5 days and 4 × 6.25 mg/d for further 5 days. Treatment was followed by a second control period without captopril. PRA increased significantly after 2 days of captopril treatment. 2 × 6.25 mg/d captopril induced a significant increase in sodium excretion and a significant decrease of body weight. MAP decreased slightly but significantly without clinical signs of hypotension. 4 × 6.25 mg/d captopril resulted in a further reduction of body weight and a further enhancement of sodium excretion. Three days after withdrawal of captopril sodium output was significantly reduced again. Conclusion: In cirrhotic patients low-dose captopril seems to be efficient in the treatment of ascites resistant to diuretics without causing major side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01745350
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of antihypertensive therapy on renal function (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. S120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Kidney ; Antihypertensive drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antihypertensive therapy influences kidney function by different mechanisms depending on the mode of action of the drug used. The GFR is improved by calcium entry blockers and ACE inhibitors, unaffected by vasodilators, α-blockers and centrally acting sympatholytics and impaired by β-blockers. The same is true for renal blood flow and is due to changes of renal vascular resistance. Renal sodium excretion is impaired mostly by vasodilators, by α-blockers, sympatholytics and β-blockers; in contrast, calcium entry blockers and ACE inhibitors acutely induce natriuresis. The RAAS is stimulated by vasodilators, unaffected by α-blockers and sympatholytics and suppressed by β-blockers. Plasma catecholamines are stimulated by vasodilators and suppressed by centrally acting sympatholytics and unaffected by the others. Induction of acute renal functional impairment is reported for ACE inhibitors under conditions of compromised renal perfusion pressure such as in renal artery stenosis. These data from the literature reviewed are supported by our own experimental data on sodium balance under different drugs and micropuncture data in experimental renal artery stenosis. To achieve effective antihypertensive treatment with a low profile of side effects, careful monitoring of renal function seems to be mandatory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207622
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