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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of Al2O3 particle-Y-TZP matrix composite and its toughening mechanism (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 4019-4022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Dense Al2O3 particle-Y-TZP matrix (Al2O3〈40 vol%) composite was prepared by pressureless sintering at 1550°C. Composites with 10–30 vol% Al2O3 particles showed enhanced fracture toughness, bending strength and Vicker's hardness as compared to single-phase Y-TZP. The highest strength (1150 MPa) and highest toughness (12.4 MPa m1/2) were obtained for the composite containing 10 vol% Al2O3. It was found that, in addition to the contribution by the crack-deflection effect, the enhanced phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic during fracture was the main toughening mechanism in operation in the composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351224
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity and multilocus associations in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook from The People's Republic of China (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 88 (1994), S. 465-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetic structure ; Multilocus associations ; Allozyme polymorphism ; Cunninghamia lanceolata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Open-pollinated seeds were assayed for allozyme polymorphisms at 24 loci to assess genetic diversity and multilocous associations in 16 populations of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook in the People's Republic of China. On average, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 88.0, the number of alleles per locus was 3.0, and the expected heterozygosity was 0.394. The distribution of genetic diversity was not correlated with the geographic and climatic variables of the populations. However, allele frequencies correlated linearly with the mean annual temperature of the populations at Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Mnr-2, Pgi-1, and Skdh-1 and with the altitude of the populations at Aph-4 and 6Pg-2. Of the total gene diversity 6% was attributed to among-population differentiation; 94% resided within populations. Two-locus gametic disequilibria were found in 15 of the 16 populations, and higher-order gametic disquilibria were significant in most populations. The gametic disequilibria did not correlate with geographic and climatic variables. The results suggest that population subdivision, founder effect, occurrence across diverse environments, a mating system dominated by inbreeding, and historical events from 2000 years of cultivation are contributing factors in the generation and maintenance of the multilocus genetic structure in this conifer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223662
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accommodation coefficient for trace gas uptake using deposition profile measurement in an annular reactor (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 17 (1993), S. 339-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Accommodation coefficient ; annular reactor ; heterogeneous reaction ; nitric acid ; nitrous acid ; nitrogen dioxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A simple and inexpensive procedure is presented for the measurement of gaseous accommodation coefficients upon liquid or solid surfaces. The gas of interest is passed in laminar flow through an annular reactor and the profile of deposition is subsequently determined. The Cooney-Kim-Davies theoretical treatment of deposition in cylindrical systems is adapted to describe uptake on the walls of the annular reactor as a function of accommodation coefficient and diffusion coefficient. The accommodation coefficient (α) of ammonia on oxalic acid is determined in both cylindrical and annular systems and good agreement is found. Uptake of nitrogen dioxide on wet alkaline surfaces yields a value for α of 2.5×10−4, and on solely wet surfaces a value of 8.7×10−5. Nitric and nitrous acids deposit to aqueous sodium carbonate/glycerol surfaces with values of α of 1.5 × 10−2 and 4.3×10−3, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696853
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brillouin scattering measurement for refractive indices of anisotropic crystals (1990)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 79 (1990), S. 177-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental method is proposed for measuring the refractive indices of anisotropic crystals. The results of the first measurements are in good agreement with those of other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01406581
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of heterogeneous reaction probability using deposition profile measurement in an annular reactor: Application to the N2O5/H2O reaction (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 18 (1994), S. 291-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Heterogeneous reaction ; N2O5 ; annular reactor ; reaction probability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A method for the estimation of the reaction probability of the heterogeneous N2O5+H2O → 2HNO3 reaction using the deposition profile in a laminar flow tube, in which the walls are coated with the condensed aqueous phase of interest, is presented. The production of gas phase nitric acid on the surface followed by its absorption complicates the deposition profiles and hence the calculation of the reaction probability. An estimation of the branching ratio for this process enables a more appropriate calculation to be carried out. Reaction probabilities of N2O5 on substances including some normally constituting atmospheric aerosols, NaCl, NH4HSO4, as well as Na2CO3 are estimated and found to depend on relative humidity and characteristics of the coating used. These fell within the range (0.04–2.0)×10−2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00696784
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of agglomerates in ZrO2 powder compacts on microstructural development (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 342-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Ultrafine zirconia powders were prepared by a coprecipitation and spray-drying method. Agglomerates may be fragmented or present in green bodies after compaction. The effect of agglomerates on sintering and microstructural development was studied and it was found that the agglomerate content in compacts was a major factor affecting the microstructure development and the sintered densities. The interaction between agglomerates themselves, and between agglomerates and the primary particle matrix is discussed. It is argued that the hard agglomerates in the powder from the water-washed coprecipitates are formed by oxobridging between non-bridging hydroxyl groups present in the zirconium hydroxide structures due to the effect of hydrogen bonding in the aqueous system. The substitution of organic -OR groups for the non-bridging hydroxyl groups removes this hydrogen-bonding effect between the zirconium hydroxide units and thus eliminates the cause of agglomeration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357805
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the adduction constant by gas-liquid chromatography (1990)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 30 (1990), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Determination of adduction contant ; Enthalpies and entropies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The adduction constants for the following eight binary systems were measured by gas liquid chromatography, at different temperatures: tetrachloromethane/p-xylene, tetrachloromethane/pseudocumene, chloroform/p-xylene, chloroform/pseudocumene, chloroform/aniline, m-methylphenol/aniline, o-methylphenol/aniline, and o-chlorophenol/aniline. The relationships between the adduction constant and temperature were used to fit the enthalpies and entropies of adduct formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274549
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-State NMR characterization of a superactive supported ziegler-natta catalystThis is Part XXXI of the series on MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Part XXX was: J. Vizzini, F. Ciardelli, and J. C. W. Chien, “Stereoselective Polymerization of α-Olefins by Heterogeneous Chiral Ziegler-Natta Catalysts,” Macromolecules, 25, 3199 (1992). (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 2173-2179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The formation of CH-type catalysts has been investigated by high-resolution and solid-state NMR. These catalysts are prepared from a soluble MgCl2 and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol adduct (MgCl2·3EH) by reaction with phthalic anhydride (PA) to form dioctylphthalate (DOP) and then with TiCl4 in the presence of di-i-butylphthalate (BP). In the model systems MgCl2·3EH/PA, MgCl2/BP, and MgCl2/TiCl4/BP, the ester is complexed with MgCl2 and /or TiCl4 in two or more states. Only single-ester C=O and OCH2 resonances are seen in TiCl4/BP, probably due to exchange of ester coordinations. CH-catalysts prepared by three different procedures exhibit a single mode of bonding for the ester. The chemical shift values are consistent for ester complexed with MgCl2. The most active and stereoselective catalyst has the most shielded chemical shift values for the C=O and  - OCH2 -  carbons, shortest TH1 and TH1p, and longest TCH relaxation times. These parameters change monotonically with the decrease of activity and stereoselectivity of the catalyst preparation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070481211
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A co-rotational element/time-integration strategy for non-linear dynamics (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 37 (1994), S. 1897-1913 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: New procedures are proposed for implicit dynamic analysis using the finite element method. The main aim is to give stable solutions with significant rigid-body motions, in particular rotations. In contrast to most conventional approaches, the time-integration strategy is closely linked to the ‘element technologies’ with the latter involving a form of co-rotational procedure. For the undamped situation, one of the solution procedures leads to an algorithm that exactly conserves energy when constant external forces are applied (i.e. with gravity loading).
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620371108
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fully discrete arbitrary-order schemes for a model parabolic equation (1994)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 19 (1994), S. 1039-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fully discrete ; High-order ; Conservative ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A fully discrete methodology is investigated from which two-level, explicit, arbitrary-order, conservative numerical schemes for a model parabolic equation can be derived. To illustrate this, fully discrete three-, five-, seven- and nine-point conservative numerical schemes are presented, revealing that a higher-order scheme has a better stability condition. A method from which high-order numerical schemes for a scalar advection-diffusion equation can be developed is discussed. This method is based on high-order schemes of both the advection and diffusion equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650191106
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