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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Red maple (Acer rubrum) inhibits feeding by beaver (Castor canadensis) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 2021-2034 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Acer rubrum ; Adirondacks ; aspen ; beaver ; Castor canadensis ; feeding inhibition ; Populus tremuloides ; red maple
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract At many beaver (Castor canadensis) sites at Allegany State Park in New York State, red maple (Acer rubrum) is the only or one of the few tree species left standing at the ponds' edges. The relative palatability of red maple (RM) was studied in three ways. (1) At seven beaver sites, the available and utilized trees were recorded and an electivity index (E) computed. Of 15 tree species, RM ranked second or fourth lowest. (2) In experiment I, RM, sugar maple (A. saccharum, SM), and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) logs were presented cafeteria style at 10 colonies. RM was the least preferred. (3) Bark of RM was extracted with solvents. Aspen logs were painted (experiment II) or soaked (experiment III) with this RM extract and presented to beaver cafeteria-style, along with aspen and RM controls. This treatment rendered aspen logs less palatable, indicating that a chemical factor had been transferred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02066240
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-invasive evaluation of inflammation in atopic dermatitis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 3 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In atopic dermatitis the inflammatory reaction is quantified either clinically or histologically. While clinical evaluation has the major disadvantage of inter- and intraoperator variance, histological investigation requires invasive procedures. Therefore, standard techniques which provide both an objective and non-invasive form of examination are desirable.We investigated 20 patients with atopic dermatitis by means of high resolution 20-MHz b-*scan ultrasound. Investigations were performed on inflammatory skin lesions at regular intervals using a standardized combination of external treatment with α-methyl-prednisolon-aceponat ointment and UV-A/UV-B phototherapy until the lesions had healed. Skin colour (erythema) was assessed with the Minolta Chromameter CR 200 colorimeter according to the L*a*b* colour system.Sonograms of affected skin show a zone of low echogenicity below the so-called entry-echo. We refer to this as the echolucent area. Healing of a lesion is seen as a decrease in thickness and an increase in density of the skin in the sonographic image; the echolucent area disappears totally when the lesion has clinically healed. In five patients we excised small areas of skin to compare the sonographic and histological pictures of exactly the same site. This showed that the thickness of the subepidermal echolucent area corresponds to the inflammatory reaction representing both edema and cellular infiltration.Comparing the findings in sonography with the change in skin colour measurements we found that the a*-value of the L*a*b* colour system representing redness correlated well with the sonographic density of the echolucent area. In conclusion, 20-MHz-b-scan sonography and colorimetry are suitable methods for non-invasive, objective evaluation of the inflammatory process in atopic dermatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1994.tb00374.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kniest and Stickler dysplasia phenotypes caused by collagen type II gene ( COL2A1 ) defect (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 3 (1993), S. 323-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Kniest and Stickler dysplasia are two chondrodysplasias characterized by specific phenotypes. No basic defect has been found in patients with Kniest dysplasia, whereas Stickler dysplasia is one of four chondrodysplasias for which mutations of type II procollagen gene (COL2A1) have been identified. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0493-323
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Size Fractionation of in Vitro-Activated Human B Lymphocytes for Studies of Cell Cycle-Dependent Growth Regulation (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 33 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cell cycle progression of in vitro-stimulated human B lymphocytes occurs a synchronously. In order lo allow detailed studies of growth Control G1. B cells Were stimulated with anti-μ and low molecular weight B-cell growth factor (LMW BCGF) for 50 h and subsequently separated into nine fractions of cells by means of centrifugal elutriation. As judged by volume profiles, activation antigen expression and DNA content, the cells in fractions t 4 were in early Io mid-G1, while fractions 5 7 mainly contained cells in late G1. and fractions 8 9 contained cells mainly in Sand G2, Cells in fractions 5–7 had passed the commitment point, as demonstrated by a high spontaneous incorporation of [3H]thymidine when recultured in medium alone. Moreover S-phase entry of these cells was largely unaffected by exogenous growth-promoting or growth-inhibitory signals. Cells in early (fractions 1 2) and intermediate fractions (fractions 3 4) showed a negligible spontaneous 3[H]thymidine incorporation, but a significant proportion of these cells progressed to S phase upon restimulation. Moreover, while IL-4 or the anti-CD40 MoAb G28- 5 potently stimulated cells in early and intermediate fractions, the responsiveness to LMW BCGF alone was obtained Just prior to the commitment point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb02491.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1992)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 14 (1992), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01783520
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1991)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 13 (1991), S. 118-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719938
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P1 algebras (1994)
    Springer
    Studia logica 53 (1994), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8730
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In [3] the authors proved that the deductive systemP1 introduced by Sette in [6] is algebraizable. In this paper we study the main features of the class of algebras thus obtained. The main results are a complete description of the free algebras inn generators and that this is not a congruence modular quasi-variety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053020
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation between major and minor depression (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 106 (1992), S. S75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Major Depression ; Minor Depression ; Operational diagnosis ; ICD-10 ; DSM-III-R
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Though the concept of Major Depression was generated by clinicians using depressed inpatients as models, a polydiagnostic study in 600 psychiatric inpatients with heterogenous psychological disturbances revealed that all six competing operational definitions of Major Depression (including DSM-III-R and ICD-10) were too restrictive to serve as a general concept of depression. Another polydiagnostic study in 500 primary care outpatients showed that more than two-thirds of all non-chronic depressed cases were below the severity threshold of Major Depression: these patients are classified as Depression Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) by DSM-III-R. Loosening of the over-restrictive time criteria would broaden the concept of Major Depression so as to meet the requirements of a general concept of depression, while the definition of Minor Depression below the threshold of Major Depression would add to a reduction of cases of NOS Depression by more than 80%. For the evaluation of antidepressant drugs in out-patient samples, we propose that patients with these modified definitions of Major and Minor Depression be included, provided they meet a minimum severity criterion of 13 or more points on the Hamilton Depression Scale; four-fifths of the modified Major Depression group and one-third of the Minor Depression group do in fact meet this criterion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246241
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of predator fecal odors on feed selection by sheep and cattle (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 573-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Feeding behavior ; predator odors ; feces ; cattle ; sheep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effectiveness of predator fecal odors in modifying feeding selection by sheep and cattle was investigated in two trials. In trial 1, animals could select from feed bins contaminated with coyote, fox, cougar, or bear fecal odor, and oil of wintergreen, or select the control feed. All odors were rejected (P〈0.01) by sheep and cattle, except bear odors by sheep. In trial 2, animals could select feed during 10-min periods in an open 11-m × 16-m arena. Fecal odor did not influence approaches to feed bins, or head entries into bins. Only coyote fecal odor reduced (P〈0.05) the time spent feeding in the contaminated bin, and increased (P〈0.05) consumption from the control bin by both cattle and sheep. Some animals on some test days refused to feed from either feed bin, although cattle and sheep closely inspected bins. Results suggest that fecal odors may not prevent livestock from entering a treated area but may reduce the time spent grazing in such an area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021787
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenolic compounds from male castoreum of the North American beaver,Castor canadensis (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1491-1500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Castor canadensis ; beaver castor sac ; phenolic compounds ; coinjection ; fractionation ; synthesis ; identification ; territory marking
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract North American beaver (Castor canadensis) mark their territories with castoreum, the contents of their castor sacs. In their territories, beaver respond with scent marking to experimental scent marks consisting of castoreum, or selected single components. In part, the unique odor of castoreum is due to large amounts of phenolic compounds. Purified phenolic components were analyzed by GC, GC-MS, and NMR; identifications were confirmed by comparing the spectra of synthetic phenols with those of the isolated phenols. Of the 15 phenols reported elsewhere, only five were confirmed in our analysis; the other 10 phenolic compounds are either absent or are not volatile enough to be detected by our methods. In addition, 10 phenolic compounds have been identified in this study that were not reported in the previous papers concerning the constitution of castoreum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984892
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