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Notes: After many years of unsuccessful conservative treatment 16 patients suffering from hemicrania are relieved of their pain or are improved by operative treatment. Hemicranial attacks or permanent hemicrania is found to be caused by upper cervical nerve root compression. Vascular compression of C2 (n = 9) or scar tissue surrounding C2 (n = 1) or C3 (n = 1) is the pathology identified in cases of cervicogenic headache or “cluster headache-like” headache. Compression attributable to tumor, prolapsed disc, or spondylotic changes is found to be a cause of permanent headache. Only in those patients with permanent headache are radiological or electrophysiological findings helpful for diagnosis. In patients with hemicranial attacks and compression of nerve root C2 (n = 10) or C3 (n = 1), only vasoactive tests (provoking or relieving pain) or local anaesthesia prove to be helpful in diagnosing and localizing the origin of pain. The operation involves freeing the nerve roots from vascular compression. In two patients the C2 ganglion is resected. Thirteen patients subsequently become pain free. In three patients, hemicrania improves. Four of the 16 patients experience a recurrence of pain after the decompressive operation. After additional thermorhizotomy two patients have no further complaints and one patient has improved. One patient can tolerate his pain with occasional analgesics. The problem of referred pain into the fronto-ocular region is discussed.

Notes: Eighteen patients with duodenal, gastric or jejunal ulcers, resistant to at least 3 months treatment with histamine H2-receptor antagonists, singly or in combination with other anti-ulcer drugs, were treated with 40 mg omeprazole once daily for up to 8 weeks. All ulcers healed, the majority within two weeks. After ulcer healing patients were given maintenance therapy with high doses of cimetidine or ranitidine. Of 15 patients on maintenance therapy with H2-receptor antagonists, 12 (80%) developed a relapse after a period ranging from 3 to 52 weeks. Two patients were lost to follow-up. After re-healing on 40 mg omeprazole, two patients were given 20 mg omeprazole daily as maintenance therapy but relapses occurred again after 14 and 26 weeks respectively. After re-healing on 40 mg omeprazole, these two patients and one additional patient received maintenance therapy with 40 mg omeprazole daily. At present these three patients have been relapse-free for periods varying from 16 to 52 weeks. No side effects were registered during treatment with omeprazole. It is therefore concluded that omeprazole is highly effective in healing refractory peptic ulcers and that omeprazole maintenance therapy may be useful for prevention of relapse.

Notes: The induction doses of thiopentone in eight elderly male patients (60–80 years) were significantly lower (p 〈 0.01) than in eight young male patients (ranges 3.09–5.06 mg/kg body weight in the elderly and 4.88–8.11 mg/kg in the young). The sleep concentrations in venous as well as in arterial blood did not differ between the two groups. In the elderly the arterial concentrations were significantly higher than the venous (p 〈 0.05). A three compartment open model was used to describe the disappearance of the drug from the venous blood. Significant increases were found in V3(means 145.9 and 51.2 litres) and in T½β(means 781 and427 minutes) in the elderly. The redistribution rate constant, K1,2, was decreased in the elderly (p 〈 0.05). By impedance cardiography 5 minutes after sleep mean percentages of the pre-induction value of cardiac output were 94.6% in the young and 87.0% in the elderly (p 〈 0.05). In the young a correlation was found between cardiac output and induction dose, (r =0.85, p 〈 0.01).

Notes: ‘Then comes the end, when he delivers the kingdom to God the Father, after destroying every rule and every authority and power. For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet. The last enemy to be destroyed is death. “For God has put all things in subjection under his feet.” But when it says, “All things are put in subjection under him”, it is plain that he is excepted who put all things under him. When all things are subjected to him, then the Son himself will also be subjected to him who put all things under him, that God may be all in all.”

Notes: Abstract The aim of this experiment was to study clinical parameters when 3 different frequencies of plaque removal were applied to healthy gingivae in the beagle dog model. The maxillary first, second and third premolars of 12 beagle dogs, at the start of the experiment 2 years of age, were, after a thorough cleaning, submitted to daily plaque removal during a pre-experimental period of 8 weeks. At the start of the experiment, the dogs were distributed into 3 groups of 4 dogs each: one group was brushed 7 times a week, a second group was brushed 3 times a week and another group was brushed only once a week. Brushing was executed over a period of 24 weeks, on the right sides of the upper jaws. The left upper jaws served as controls. At regular intervals, the plaque index, the gingival index and probing depths were assessed. A “brushing effect” was calculated for each dog, to include information on all within-dog and between dog variations. Comparison of brushing effects revealed that in this experimental model, plaque removal with a frequency of 3 times a week was sufficient to preserve gingival health, whereas tooth brushing once a week resulted in gingival inflammation. Therefore it can be concluded that 3 times a week is the critical brushing frequency in the beagle dog model with healthy gingiva at baseline.

Notes: Abstract This investigation was designed to determine the influence of different frequencies of tooth brushing on artificial periodontal defects in the beagle dog shortly after creation.In 12 beagle dogs, periodontal defects were created using elastic bands placed in the sulci below the gingival margin after having cut the dento-gingival fibres to the level of the alveolar bone. This active phase of creating defects lasted for 6 weeks. 6 premolars in the lower jaw were used (2P2, 3P3, 4P4). After removal of the elastic bands, the 12 dogs were distributed into 3 groups of 4 dogs each. Each group was brushed with a certain frequency, i.e., 7 times, 3 times or once a week. Plaque index, gingival index and probing depth, using a constant force probe, were assessed interproximally. The experiment lasted for 24 weeks.For hypothesis testing, a brushing effect was calculated for each dog. Furthermore, an analysis was performed based on the absolute scores at week 24. From the statistical analysis, it was concluded that in artificially-induced periodontal defects in beagle dogs immediately after creation, brushing 7 times a week is superior to brushing 3 times a week to establish and maintain gingival health.

Notes: Abstract This investigation was designed to determine the influence of different frequencies of tooth brushing on artificial periodontal defects in the beagle dog after a period of healing.In 12 beagle dogs, periodontal defects were created using elastic bands placed in the sulci below the gingival margin after having cut the dento-gingival fibres to the level of the alveolar bone crest. This active phase of creating defects lasted for 6 weeks. After removal of the elastic bands, the created defects were left undisturbed during the remainder of the pre-experimental period (12 weeks). 6 premolars in the lower jaw were used (2P2, 3P3, 4P4).After the pre-experimental period, the 12 dogs were distributed into 3 groups of 4 dogs each. Each group was brushed with a certain frequency, i.e., 7 times, 3 times or once a week.Registrations of plaque index, gingival index and probing depth using a constant force probe were carried out on approximal surfaces. The experiment lasted for 24 weeks. A brushing effect was calculated for each dog to include information on all within-dog and between-dog variations. It was shown in relation to artificially-induced periodontal defects in beagle dogs that after a period of healing, brushing 7 times a week is superior to brushing 3 times a week in establishing and maintaining gingival health.

Notes: Abstract. This study investigates the relationship between probing force and probe penetration into the periodontal tissues in pockets with overt gingivitis and in pockets with minimal gingival inflammation. In eight dogs experimental periodontal tissue breakdown was induced during a period of 14 weeks. The dogs were then distributed over two groups of four dogs each. In one group the dogs were subjected to meticulous tooth cleaning once every day for a period of 3 weeks. The dogs in the second group did not receive any oral hygiene measures. Next, wooden probes were inserted, mesial and distal to each premolar. In each dog six different probing forces were used. Microscopic examination showed that, in the brushed group, epithelium was always present between the probe tips and the connective tissue. In the nonabused group presence of epithelium was found in 21 of 23 specimens. In both groups of dogs it was found that, with increasing probing forces, the location of the tips of the probes changed from a position occlusal to the most coronal connective tissue fibers to a position apical to the most coronal connective tissue fibers. With light probing forces it appeared that in the nonbrushed group the tips of the probes were located more apically. When greater probing forces were used, no differences between the brushed and the nonbrushed group were found. It is suggested that, using a probe of 0.63 mm in diameter, the optimal force level for clinical pocket measurements is about 0.75 N, or in other words, the optimal probing pressure is about 240 N/cm2.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungMikroskopische Wertung von Messungen der Taschentiefe am Hunde bei Anwendung sechs verschiedener Sondierungsdruckstärken In dieser Studie wird das Verhältnis zwischen der Sondierungskraft und der Penetration der Sondern in das Parodontalgewebe bei Zahnfleischtaschen mit seitlicher und mit minimally Gingivitis untersucht. Bei 8 Beagle Hunden wurde während einer Zeitspanne von 14 Woched experimcntelle Parodontolyse induziert. Die Hunde wurden in zwei Gruppen zu je 4 Hunden aufgeteilt. Bei der einen Gruppe wurden die Zähne während einer Periode von 3 Wochen cinmal täglich Gorgfältig gereinigt. Bei den Hunden der zweiten Gruppe wurden keine mundhygienischen Massnahmen durchgefürt. Dann wurden mesial und distal eines jeden Prämolaren Holzsonden mit 6 verschiedenen Druckstärken in die Taschen inseriert, Untersuchungen mit dem Mikroskop zeigten, dass bei der “gereinigten” Gruppe stets Epithel zwischen der Sondenspitzen und dem Bindegewebe vorhanden war. In der Gruppe ohne Mundhygiene wurde in 21 von 23 Fällen Epithel angetroffen. In beiden Gruppen wurde gefunden, dass die Sondenspitzen bei zuneh mendem Sondierdruck ihre Lage veränderten und zwar von okklusal der am weitesten koronal gelegenen Bindegewebsfasern bis zu ihrer apikalen Seite, Bei Anwendung von geringem Sondierungsdruck zeigte es sich, dass die Sondenspitzen bei der Gruppe ohne Mundhygiene tiefer zu liegen kamen. Bei stärkerem Sondierungsdruck wurden keine Unterschiede zwischen den Versuchsgruppen gefunden. Es wird vermutet, dass bei klinischen Messungen von Zahnfleischtaschen die optimale Sondierungskraft einer Sonde von 0,63 mm bei ungefähr 0,75 N Hegt, oder anders ausgedrückt beträgt der optimale Sondierungsdruck ungefähr 240 N/cm2〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméEvaluation microscopique des mensurations de la profondeiir des culs-de-sac pratiquées chez le chien en employant six forces de sondage différentesCette étude examine le relation existant entre la force de sondage et la pénétration de la sonde dans les tissus parodontaux an niveau de culs-de-sac avec gingivile manifeste et de culs-de-sac avec inflammation gingivale minime. Chez huit chiens briquets, une destruction expérimentale du parodonte a été provoquée pendant une période de 14 semaines. Les chiens ont alors été répartis en deux groupes de quatre chiens. Dans Tun des groupes, les chiens ont été soumis á un nettoyage minutieux des dents une fois par jour pendant une période de trois semaines. Les chiens de l'autre groupe n'ont reçu aucun soin d'hygiène buccale. Des sondes de bois ont ensuite été introduites du côté mesial et du côté distal de chaque prémolaire. Chez chacim des chiens, six forces de sondage différentes ont été employées. Un examen microscopique a montré que, dans le groupe dont les dents avaient été brossées, l'épithélium était toujours présent entre l'extrémité de la sonde et le tissue conjonctif. Dans le groupe dont les dents n'avaient pas été brossées, la présence d'épithélium a été trouvée dans 21 des 23 specimens. Dans les deux groupes, on a trouvé que, lorsque la force de sondage augmente, il se produit un changement dans la position de I'extrémité de la sonde: elle passe d'un niveau situé du côté occlusal des fibres de tissu conjonctif les plus coronaires, a un niveau situé du côté apical de ces fibres. Lorsqu'on utilisait de légères forces de sondage, on constatait que l'éxtrcmite de la sonde dans le groupe sans brossage des dents était située à un niveau plus apical. Lorsqu'on utilisait des forces de sondage plus élevées, on ne constatait pas de différence entre le groupe avec et le groupe sans brossages des dents. II semblerait que, lorsqu'on utilise une sonde de 0,63 mm de diamètre, le niveau optimum de force à utiliser pour les mensurations cliniques des culs-de-sac scrait d'environ 0,75 N, ou, en d'autres termes, la presslon de sondage optimum serait d'environ 240 N/cm2.