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  • Electronic Resource  (59)
  • 1985-1989  (32)
  • 1970-1974  (24)
  • 1935-1939  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 29 (1937), S. 394-397 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 50 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The time course of changes in the tissue impedance and the levels of extracellular transmitter and non-transmitter amino acids was studied in the striatum and hippocampus of the unanesthetized rat after cardiac arrest. Electrodes were implanted for the continuous measurement of tissue impedance so that a measure of the volume of extracellular space was provided. Alternatively, bilateral dialysis probes were used for monitoring levels of extracellular amino acids in subsequent 30-s samples using an automated precolumn derivatization technique for reversed-phase HPLC analysis and fluorimetric detection. The impedance started to rise ∼1.2 min following cardiac arrest, increased rapidly during the first 5 min, and increased almost linearly thereafter. After 15 min, a decrease of ∼50% in the extracellular space was calculated. The impedance rose more steeply in the striatum than in the hippocampus. The extracellular levels of taurine, which increased 〉300% within 5 min after cardiac arrest, most closely resembled the time course of the change in impedance. Glutamate and aspartate levels did not increase until 5 min after circulatory arrest, and at 15 min they had risen to a level of 465 and 265% for the striatum and 298 and 140% for the hippocampus of the resting release, respectively. The release of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was multiphasic and did not resemble that of any of the other—putative—transmitter amino acids. Fifteen minutes after cardiac arrest, the levels of GABA were 617 and 774% of the resting release in the striatum and hippocampus, respectively. Glycine and ala-nine efflux substantially increased (232 and 151% in striatum and 141 and 154% in hippocampus, respectively) 15 min postmortem, whereas the glutamine level was slightly increased and levels of asparagine, histidine, threonine, ethanolamine, serine, arginine, and tyrosine were inconsistently higher in the two brain regions. At this time, the extracellular levels of glutamate, GABA, and aspartate were only slightly lower, as expected from the tissue levels and from levels of the other amino acids, an observation indicating that all the amino acids may diffuse through postmortem brain tissue to a nearly similar extent. This study provides evidence that extracellular levels of taurine reflect changes in distribution of electrolytes (and in membrane potentials), that the postmortem release of transmitter amino acids is multiphasic with a delay of at least 1 min, that postmortem shrinkage in extracellular volume cannot account for the increase in the content of transmitter amino acids in the dialysate, and that the massive overflow of glutamate, aspartate, GABA, and taurine seen during ischemia is the result of both release and the failure of uptake. Possible implications of the present findings for excitotoxic damage of the brain are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 4335-4344 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present measurements on multichannel acceleration of intense, low-energy ion beams with a multiple electrostatic quadrupole array linear accelerator. The beam properties are investigated for different transverse and longitudinal focusing strengths, which can be adjusted independently in the accelerator. A maximum He+ ion current of four times 2 mA has been accelerated from 40 to 115 keV with an acceleration efficiency of 50%. Measurements and computer simulations suggest that the current is limited by transverse fields and by mismatch and misalignment of the beams, whereas longitudinal fields are of minor importance. The energy spread in the bunches is roughly three times the gap voltage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Psychology 40 (1989), S. 327-351 
    ISSN: 0066-4308
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 226 (1970), S. 1029-1033 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In vitro studies using antisera to each of the two E. coli release factors, R1 and R2, show that these factors mediate release of complete proteins. Either factor can terminate R17 coat protein or R17 RNA ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 113 (1972), S. 170-190 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. 29 garden warblers(Sylvia borin) and 27 blackcaps(S. atricapilla) were kept for 3 years in 3 constant photoperiods (LD 10 : 14, LD 12 : 12, and LD 16 : 8). Most of the birds were taken from the nest at an age of 2–9 days and then raised by hand. Data on body weight, nocturnal restlessness and molt were recorded throughout the experiment. With the exception of 4 garden warblers and 5 blackcaps all birds exhibited an endogenous annual rhythm in at least one of the 3 processes investigated (fig. 1, 2). The average period length of this rhythm deviated with about 320 days in both species from that of the natural year to such an extent that it seems extremely unlikely to be caused by uncontrolled environmental factors (fig. 6, 5). It may therefore be called circannual. 2. Garden warblers hat a persistent circannual rhythmicity in all 3 processes throughout the 3 year experiment. Only few blackcaps, in contrast, showed to some extent rhythms in body weight (fig. 3, 8). Further, by the end of the second year, the rhythm of nocturnal restlessness and molt ceased in all blackcaps which were kept in LD 16 : 8 (fig. 2). These and other similar observations suggest that the endogenous control of the processes investigated is less rigid in the blackcap than in the garden warbler. In addition they indicate that long-day conditions are less favourable for the expression of endogenous annual rhythms than short-day conditions or an LD 12 : 12 in these species. 3. Onsets and ends of the processes investigated were initially clear but became less obvious as the experiment progressed (fig. 4). In all cases molt was the best indicator of a circannual periodicity. 4. There were changes in the phase-relationships between the processes investigated, mainly during the second part of the experiment. This could lead to inversions of the sequence in which the processes normally proceed (fig. 1). Such observations might indicate that the processes are controlled by more than one circannual rhythm. Several anomalies (e. g., the fact that wing and tail feathers were sometimes replaced during a molt in which normally only the body feathers are renewed) can be explained on the basis of such an assumption. 5. There were minor differences between the 4 experimental groups and small differences between the two species in the average duration of the second and third period under constant conditions. In contrast, the duration of the first period varied as a function of the photoperiod to which the birds were transferred (fig. 1, 2, 6, 7). This shows that changes of the photoperiodic condition have an effect on the phase of the circannual rhythms.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. 29 Gartengrasmücken(Sylvia borin) und 27 Mönchsgrasmücken(S. atricapilla), zum größten Teil handaufgezogen, sind 3 Jahre lang in 3 konstanten Licht-Dunkel-Verhältnissen (LD 10 : 14, LD 12 : 12 und LD 16 : 8) gehalten und auf die Jahresperiodik des Körpergewichtes, der Nachtunruhe und der Mauser untersucht worden. Mit Ausnahme von 5 Mönchsgrasmücken und 4 Gartengrasmücken haben alle Vögel eine endogene Jahresperiodik in wenigstens einem der 3 untersuchten Vorgänge gezeigt. Die mittlere Dauer der endogenen Periodik ist bei beiden Arten mit ungefähr 320 Tagen erheblich von der Dauer des natürlichen Jahres abgewichen, womit nachgewiesen ist, daß die untersuchten Rhythmen nicht durch unkontrollierte jahresperiodische Umweltfaktoren verursacht worden sind. Sie können deshalb circannual genannt werden. 2. Bei den Gartengrasmücken hat die Periodik aller 3 Vorgänge unter allen Versuchsbedingungen über die gesamte Versuchszeit von 3 Jahren fortbestanden. Die Mönchsgrasmücken sind hingegen im LD 16 : 8 vom Ende des 2. Versuchsjahres an im Hinblick auf alle 3 Vorgänge arhythmisch gewesen. Nur bei wenigen Mönchsgrasmücken ist eine Periodik des Körpergewichtes über die gesamte Versuchszeit angedeutet gewesen, obwohl freilebende SW-deutsche Mönchsgrasmücken während des Wegzuges regelmäßig ihr Körpergewicht erhöhen. Diese und andere ähnliche Beobachtungen sprechen dafür, daß die endogene Kontrolle der untersuchten jahresperiodischen Vorgänge bei der Mönchsgrasmücke weniger starr ist als bei der Gartengrasmücke und daß die endogene Periodik unter Langtagbedingungen weniger gut zum Ausdruck kommt als unter den Bedingungen eines LD 10 : 14 und LD 12 : 12. 3. Mit fortschreitender Versuchsdauer hat bei beiden Arten die Erkennbarkeit der Anfänge und Enden der untersuchten jahresperiodischen Vorgänge abgenommen. Stets ist die Periodik der Mauser am deutlichsten zu erkennen gewesen. 4. Besonders gegen Ende der Versuchszeit ist es bei beiden Arten zu Änderungen der Phasenbeziehungen zwischen den untersuchten Vorgängen gekommen. Dies ist z. T. so weit gegangen, daß sich die Reihenfolge, in der diese Vorgänge normalerweise aufeinanderfolgen, umgekehrt hat. Solche Beobachtungen stehen im Einklang mit der Hypothese, daß die untersuchten Vorgänge von mehreren Rhythmen kontrolliert werden, welche unter konstanten Bedingungen ihre ursprüngliche Phasenbeziehung ändern. Verschiedene Anomalien (wie z. B. die Erneuerung des Großgefieders während Mausern, in denen normalerweise nur Kleingefieder erneuert wird) lassen sich mit einer solchen Annahme erklären. 5. Während die mittlere Dauer der 2. und 3. Periode in konstanten Bedingungen in Abhängigkeit von der Art und von der Versuchsgruppe nur wenig verschieden gewesen ist, hat die Dauer der ersten Periode von der Tageslichtdauer abgehangen, in welche die Vögel überführt worden sind. Dies zeigt, daß Änderungen der Tageslichtdauer einen Einfluß auf die Phasenlage der circannualen Periodik haben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 113 (1972), S. 407-417 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. 16 blackcaps(Sylvia atricapilla) and 12 garden warblers(S. borin) were kept for 3 years under 3 different constant conditions (LD 10 : 14, LD 12 : 12, and LD 16 : 8). The majority of birds was taken from the nest at an age of 2–9 days and then raised by hand. Testicular size was established by laparotomy throughout the experiments. With the exception of 3 garden warblers and 1 blackcap all birds exhibited an endogenous annual rhythm in testicular size (fig. 1–3). As a rule, the period length of this rhythm deviated from that of the natural year. Therefore it seems extremely unlikely that it was caused by uncontrolled environmental factors. The rhythm, therefore, may becalled circannual. 2. Blackcaps showed a persistent circannual rhythmicity under all 3 photoperiodic conditions. In contrast, the rhythm of the garden warblers ceased in LD 16 : 8 by the end of the 2nd year of the experiment (fig. 1). 3. In both species, molt, nocturnal restlessness, and migratory disposition could be coincident with all phases of the gonadal cycle (fig. 1–3). Thus the rigid temporal relationship between these events known from wild birds does not persist under constant conditions. 4. The circannual testicular rhythms were more variable in the blackcaps than in the garden warblers. 6 blackcaps exhibited 2 cycles of testicular size within one calendar year. This may indicate that for this species there are 2 endogenously programmed testicular cycles per year. If this is true, one would have to assume that one of these cycles is suppressed by environmental factors in wild conspecifics.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. 16 Mönchgrasmücken(Sylvia atricapilla) und 12 Gartengrasmücken(S. borin), zum größten Teil handaufgezogen, sind 3 Jahre lang in 3 konstanten Licht-Dunkel-Verhältnissen (LD 10 : 14, LD 12 : 12 and LD 16 : 8) gehalten und mit Hilfe der Laparotomie auf die Jahresperiodik der Hodengröße untersucht worden. Mit Ausnahme von 3 Gartengrasmücken und 1 Mönchsgrasmücke haben alle Vögel eine endogene Jahresperiodik der Hodengröße gezeigt. Die Dauer der endogenen Periodik ist bei beiden Arten in der Regel von der Dauer des natürlichen Jahres abgewichen, womit nachgewiesen ist, daß die untersuchten Rhythmen nicht durch unkontrollierte jahresperiodische Umweltfaktoren verursacht worden sind. Sie können deshalb circannual genannt werden. 2. Bei den Mönchgrasmücken hat die Periodik unter allen Versuchsbedingungen über die gesamte Versuchszeit von 3 Jahren fortbestanden. Die Gartengrasmücken sind hingegen im LD 16 : 8 nach dem 3. Versuchsjahr arhythmisch gewesen. 3. Bei beiden Arten sind Mauser, Nachtunruhe und Zugdisposition in allen Phasen des Gonadenzyklus aufgetreten. Die aus dem Freiland bekannte feste zeitliche Zuordnung der einzelnen Vorgänge zueinander ist somit unter konstanten Versuchsbedingungen verlorengegangen. 4. Die Hodenzyklen der Mönchsgrasmücken haben stärker variiert als die der Gartengrasmücken. Neben circannualen Rhythmen der Hodengröße sind bei 6 Mönchsgrasmücken circasemiannuale Rhythmen aufgetreten. Es ist offen, ob diese Rhythmen auf 2 endogen programmierte Gonadenzyklen im Jahr bei dieser Art hinweisen, wovon der eine möglicherweise im Freileben im Herbst nur durch Umweltfaktoren weitgehend unterdrückt wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Lambda hyperons fromv p and $$\bar v$$ p charged current interactions have been analysed for polarization. A significant polarization is observed for Λ particles in the quasi-elastic region for both types of interactions. Part of this polarization is due to the decay of highly polarized Σ(1385) resonances. The results are compared with simple predictions of the quark parton model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 329 (1971), S. 238-238 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zur Abgrenzung der Entstehungsweise akuter Erosionen in der Magen- und Duodenalschleimhaut der Ratte haben wir den Einfluß eines systemischen Sauerstoffmangels (pO2 art. : 60 mm Hg) auf Morphologie und Magensaftzusammensetzung untersucht. 136 Wistar-Ratten wurden mit Hilfe eines Inkubators während 1–8 Std in einer Atmosphäre mit 15 Vol-% O2 gehalten und in verschiedenen Versuchsserien untersucht. Nach der Tötung erfolgte die makround lichtmikroskopische sowie feinstrukturelle Untersuchung der Magen-Duodenum-Präparate. Bei allen Tieren entstanden unterschiedlich ausgeprägte morphologische Veränderungen und Läsionen in der gastroduodenalen Mucosa. Ein Schutzeffekt konnte durch die Vorbereitung der Tiere mit Antihistaminica (Tavegil) erreicht werden. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse kann gesagt werden, daß die Hypoxämie selbst als initialer Faktor angesehen werden muß. Obwohl unsere Versuche noch keinen eindeutigen Beweis für den Wirkungsmechanismus der Hypoxämie liefern, geben sie dennoch deutliche Hinweise darauf, daß durch die Hypoxämie vasoaktive Substanzen (Histamin) freigesetzt bzw. neugebildet werden, welche zu lokalen Durchblutungsstörungen führen. Diese verursachen im Zusammenhang mit einer Gewebehypoxydose herdförmige Nekrosen und Erosionen in der Magen-Duodenalschleimhaut.
    Notes: Summary To determine the origin of acute erosions in the gastric and duodenal mucosa of the rat we investigated the effect of systemic oxygen deficiency (pO2 art.: 60 mm Hg) on the morphology and composition of the gastric juices. 136 Wistar rats were kept in an incubator with an atmosphere of 15 Vol-% O2 for 1–8 hours and studied in several groups. After killing the animals the gastric and duodenal preparations were examined macroscopically and by light-microscopy and finestructure examination was also carried out. Morphological changes and lesions of the gastro-duodenal mucosa were present to varying degrees in all animals. Premedication of the animals with the anti-histamine, Tavegil, had a protective effect. On the basis of our results it can be stated that the hypoxaemia itself must be considered as an initial factor. Though our experiments have not produced any definite evidence on the mode of action of hypoxaemia in this respect, there is some evidence due to the hypoxaemia vaso-active substances (histamine) are released or synthesized, which leads to a localized interference with the circulation. In combination with a hypoxydosis of the tissue they cause focal necroses and erosions of the gastric and duodenal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A sample of over 25,000 fully measured neutrino and antineutrino charged current interactions in BEBC includes 192 dilepton candidates. The prompt signal after subtraction of background is 41 ±7µ+ e -, 35±7µ+µ- events from $$\bar v$$ interactions, and 32±7µ-µ+ events from ν interactions. There are 2 trileptons, µ-µ- e + and µ-µ-µ+. Results are compared with other experimental data and with the standard model. Limits to prompt like sign µ+ e +, µ+µ+ and µ-µ- signals are given and compared with other experiments and with theoretical calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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