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  • Electronic Resource  (12)
  • 1985-1989  (11)
  • 1970-1974  (1)
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  • Electronic Resource  (12)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the X-ray multiplicities of the transitions deexciting the quasi-continuum region as a function of the input spin for deformed and transitional erbium isotopes obtained in (40Ar,xn) reactions. Combined withγ-ray angular distribution studies, these measurements clearly show the occurrence of a magnetic dipole component in the energy region 300–800keV. The spin dependence of this “bump” is quite different in deformed and transitional nuclei. In the latter case, a sudden increase in the quasi-continuumK electron multiplicity arises for spins higher than 35ħ and is strongly correlated to the occurrence of collective modes in these nuclei at the same spins. It is suggested to correspond to collective behavior of bands built on yrast states of single particle nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die hier untersuchten binären Metallsysteme hat sich die von Ziebold und Ogilvie angegebene Beziehung als gültig erwiesen. Wie sich zeigen ließ, kann man mehrphasige Legierungen als Eichstandards verwenden, wenn gewisse Voraussetzungen erfüllt sind. In Zusammenhang mit der Langzeit-Instabilität der Mikrosonde kann es sein, daß sich die Konstante der Ziebold-Ogilvie-Kurve mit der Zeit ändert. Es besteht kein Grund zur Annahme, daß diese Instabilität auf das eine benutzte Instrument beschränkt ist. Daher wird empfohlen, ein oder zwei Standardlegierungen zusammen mit dem reinen Bezugsmetall zu verwenden, um jederzeit die Gewähr für einwandfreie Meßergebnisse zu haben. Die Auswirkung der Langzeit-Instabilität kann bei dem üblichen, theoretisch ermittelten Korrekturverfahren nur schwer in Rechnung gestellt werden.
    Notes: Summary For the binary metal systems investigated, the Ziebold-Ogilvie relation has been found to be valid. It has been shown that polyphase alloys may be used as calibration standards if some specific conditions are fulfilled. In connection with a long-term instability of the microprobe apparatus, the Ziebold-Ogilvie constant of the calibration curve may vary with time. There is no reason for assuming that this instability is restricted to the particular instrument used. Therefore it is recommended that one or two standard alloys be used together with the pure reference metal to determine that constant every time concentration measurements have to be performed. The effect of the long-term instability can hardly be taken into account in the usual theoretically-based correction procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 333 (1989), S. 5-14 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20.Lv ; 27.70.+q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-spin states in187Au have been populated in the172Yb(19F, 4n) reaction and studied with in-beam spectroscopic techniques using the “Château de Cristal” 4π-multidetector array. A comprehensive level scheme of187Au has been established. Experimental band crossing frequencies and gains in alignment were deduced. Shape coexistence in187Au, well established at low spin, is found to survive up to spin 57/2, and manifests itself through well separated oblate and prolate structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 322 (1985), S. 443-456 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70.−Z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Secondary beams have been produced through interaction of a 1760 MeV Ar beam with a 99 mg/cm2 Be target. An achromatic spectrometer is used to select the magnetic rigidity corresponding to a given beam, and to transport this beam over a distance of about 18m. The beam purity is studied using a solid state ΔE-E telescope. Beams of38S and39Cl are produced with a purity of about 80%, and production rates of 1.5·10−6 I0 and 5·10−5 Io respectively. Here I0 denotes the primary beam intensity. Beams of38Ar,39Ar and41K are produced with about the same abundances as39Cl but with lower purities. It is shown that, by setting properly the experimental parameters, the beam production can be improved by a factor 2 to 5. This could lead to intensities of about 2·106 pps for38S, and of 107 to 108 pps for the four other beams. The possibility of purifying these beams by placing a degrader between the two dipoles of the spectrometer is shown experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70 ; 21.10M ; 23.20C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theγ ray continuum structures of the transitional Er isotopes withA∼154 are studied using the reaction74Ge(84Kr,xn)158−xEr atE lab=340 MeV. The measurements include energy spectra, total energies, multiplicities, angular distributions and lifetimes using the DSAM method. The analysis of data confirms the previously observed two-bump structure of the continuum radiation. A meticulous subtraction of discrete contributions proves the persistence of the low-energy bump even at high spins, i.e.I〉40ħ. The angular-distribution measurements assign predominant dipole structure to the bump atE γ=0.65 MeV, whereas the bump atE γ=1.3 MeV is of almost pure quadrupole character at high spins. The lifetime measurements give evidence for a strong enhancement of theB(E2) values of the upper bump,B(E2)/B sp〉130. Spin-selection studies reveal, in the spin rangeI=30−50ħ an almost constant energy for the 1.3 MeV bump,ΔE〈60 keV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Re ; 23.20. Lv ; 27.70. +q
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excited states of185Hg have been investigated via the161Dy(28Si, 4n) reaction at 145 MeV. In-beamγ-ray spectroscopic studies have been performed with the “Château de Cristal” 4π-multidetector array. A level scheme of185Hg has been established. Shape coexistence, still present in185Hg like in the neighbouring Hg isotopes, manifests itself through a weakly populated decoupled band built on the 13/2+ isomer and three strongly-coupled bands built on the prolate 1/2− [521], 7/2− [514], and 9/2+ [624] Nilsson states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excited states of187Hg have been investigated via the164Dy (28Si,5n) reaction by means of in- beam gamma-ray spectroscopy using the multidetector 4π away “Ckāteau de. Cristal”. Different bands were populated up to spin I- 45/2. Coexistence of both prolate and oblate structures is observed for the first time in an odd- A Hg isotope. The crossing of aligned and strongly coupled sequences of levels built on the vi13/2 orbital infers the near degeneracy of oblate and prolate structures in187Hg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 24.60. Dr ; 25.70. Gh ; 25.70. Jj
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Bothγ-ray and neutron emission have been studied for the reaction systems65Cu(237MeV) +87Rb→152Dy* and40Ar(158MeV)+110Pd→150Gd*. By using a sum spectrometer in coincidence with neutron counters, Ge(Li) or Nal detectors, we have measured the totalγ-ray energy and the average totalγ-multiplicity distributions as well as the neutron spectra for various exit channels. These measurements provide strong evidence for thermal equilibrium in reactions involving a small number of emitted neutrons (i.e.87Rb(65Cu,n or 2n)) at rather high excitation energy (∼54MeV). This statistical emission of only a few neutrons is controlled by very strong y-ray competition: theγ-entry line is found not to be parallel to the yrast line. Instead the energy gap is about 8MeV for J∼27ħ and rises to at least 13MeV for J∼36ħ. There are some indications that the main part of the energy from this gap is removed by statisticalγ-ray cascades. The main features of the experimental data for both entrance channels are well reproduced by statistical model calculations with proper attention to the yrast line position and an adjustement of the dipoleγ-ray normalization coefficient. It is conceivable that the y-ray enhancement that we introduce may be related to a lack of knowledge of the absolute level densities at high energy and spin, or possibly to the presence of new or additional degrees of freedom that may enter into the competition between neutron andγ-ray emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract TiC x coatings were chemically vapour deposited in an industrial reactor on Fe-C substrates with carbon contents between 0.06 and 1.20 wt % C. Electron probe microanalyses showed that significant amounts of chromium and iron were present in the coatings and that chromium was also present in the substrate region adjacent to the coatings. By comparing calculated and measured lattice parameters (corrected for the internal stresses present) it became evident that the chromium was in solid solution in TiC x , whereas the iron was not. This was confirmed by micro Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction phase analyses. The carbon to metal ratio,x, of the TiC x coatings decreased with increasing distance to the coating/substrate interface. The effect of iron on the X-ray diffraction line broadening and hardness of the coatings was large (in contrast with the effect of chromium) and increased with increasing distance to the coating/substrate interface because of a decreasing iron particle size. The TiC x crystallite size was small and constant throughout the thickness of the coatings. The chromium present in the substrate region adjacent to the TiC x coatings influenced the microstructure of the substrate by formation of iron, chromium-carbides and reduced the growth rate of the coatings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 287-294 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple adaptive control algorithm, for which theoretical stability and convergence properties had been previously demonstrated, has been successfully implemented on a biomethanation pilot reactor. The methane digester, operated in the CSTR mode was submitted to a shock load, and successfully computer controlled during the subsequent transitory state.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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