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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial reactions in Ti/Si3N4 and TiN/Si diffusion couples (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 4412-4416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stability and formation kinetics of TiN and silicides in Ti/Si3N4 and TiN/Si diffusion joints have been investigated. Reactions in the diffusion couples were studied experimentally in the temperature range between 950 and 1100 °C. Isothermal sections and activity diagrams of the Ti-Si-N system were calculated using the recent thermodynamic data. Both the thermodynamic calculations and experimental results indicate that TiN and Si react with each other and form TiSi2 and even Si3N4 if the activity of nitrogen is high enough. Similarly, results from the Ti/Si3N4 couple were in good accordance with calculated phase equilibria. The experiments carried out in vacuum ampoules and in a vacuum furnace showed that the gas phase has a strong effect on the reactions. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359468
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the texture in diffusion-grown layers of silicides and germanides with the FeB structure, MeX (Me=Ti, Zr; X=Si, Ge) or the ZrSi2 structure (ZrSi2, HfSi2, ZrGe2) (1984)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 17 (1984), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In diffusion-grown layers of compounds with the orthorhombic FeB- and ZrSi2-type structures a pronounced texture is present which is rotationally symmetric with respect to the direction of diffusion. In FeB-type structures a [101]-fibre texture is observed for ZrSi and HfSi and a [100]-fan texture for TiSi and ZrGe. In ZrSi2-type compounds the b axis is always perpendicular to the direction of diffusion; different compounds, however, show different textures: a [010]-fan texture for ZrSi2, a [100]-fibre texture for HfSi2 and a 〈101〉-fibre texture for ZrGe2. The textures are explained in terms of preferential diffusion along specific crystallographic directions which can be derived from the crystal structures. At high temperatures a second texture component has been observed in HfSi layers and in layers with the ZrSi2 structure. This second component can be considered as a recrystallization texture and can be derived from the original texture by a rotation of the crystallites of 20–25° around a simple crystallographic direction. The existence of a so-called TiGe phase with the FeB structure in the temperature region 1070–1270 K is questionable. Only Ti6Ge5 has been produced and this compound showed a [001]-fibre texture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889884011079
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase relations in the Fe-Cr-O system at 1200°C investigated by means of a diffusion couple technique (1980)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 14 (1980), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: multiphase ternary diffusion ; Cr-Fe-O ; oxidation of binary alloys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The morphology and composition of diffusion layers formed in multiphase ternary diffusion couples of Cr or Cr-Fe alloy vs. FeO or FeCr2O4 have been studied by electron probe microanalysis, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy. A new technique for annealing of the couples has been developed. Phase relations at 1200° C of the ternary system Fe-Cr-O are discussed, and diffusion paths of the investigated couples are plotted on the isothermal section of the ternary phase diagram.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00604564
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state displacement reactions in the Fe-Ni-S and Cu-Ni-S systems between 400 and 500°C (1984)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 22 (1984), S. 147-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Fe-Ni-S system ; Cu-Ni-S system ; displacement reaction ; diffusion path ; ternary diffusion ; multiphase diffusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Solid-state displacement reactions of the type A+BS→B+AS have been studied in the systems Fe-Ni-S and Cu-Ni-S. In diffusion couples, mainly of the type Fe/Ni3S2 and Cu/Ni3S2, the layer sequence, morphology, and growth rate of the reaction products have been investigated. The layer sequence of the reaction products in the couples appears to be just the reverse of that found previously in displacement reactions in some couples of oxide systems like Ni/Cu2O and Co/Cu2O. We find the sequence A/B/AS/BS, whereas in the oxide systems the sequence A/AO/B/BO has been found. This means that the metal atoms exchange and sulfide ions practically stand still in the first case, whereas in the oxide system the transport of oxygen is essential. For a correct interpretation of the results it was necessary to determine the isothermal cross-section through the Fe-Ni-S system at 460 and 500°C. At 500°C the iron stabilized high-temperature modification β-Ni3S2 was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the layer sequence and morphology in solid-state displacement reactions (1984)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 22 (1984), S. 161-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: displacement reactions ; ternary diffusion ; multiphase diffusion ; diffusion path ; Ni-Cu-O ; Co-Cu-O ; Fe-Ni-O ; Fe-Cu-O ; Cu-Ni-S ; Fe-Ni-S ; Cr-Ni-S
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In displacement reactions of the type pA+BqX→qB+ApX, two main forms of the layer sequence have been found in the reaction layer, namely, A/ApX/B/BqX and A/B/ApX/BqX. In this paper it is argued that the thermodynamics of the system, more specifically the dependence of the activity of element X on the mole ratio between the elements A and B, determines the initial layer sequence. Various morphological variants of the two basic types may develop because of the kinetics. The prediction of the layer sequence and morphology made on the basis of this theory has been verified on a number of oxidic and sulfidic systems. It is, however, pointed out that these predictions also can be applied to purely metallic ternary systems and to other types of reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656903
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of impurities on the kinetics and morphology of the displacement reaction between Ni or Co and Cu2O (1983)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 20 (1983), S. 147-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Multiphase diffusion ; displacement reaction ; Cu-Ni-O ; Cu-Co-O
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract By use of models given by Wagner and extended by Rapp et al., a layered structure is predicted for the reaction products resulting from the displacement reaction in diffusion couples (Ni-Cu2O or Co-Cu2O). Experiments at 1000°C confirm these predictions. However, when Cu2O is contaminated with chlorine, the morphology changes completely from a layered to an aggregate structure. It is shown that the resulting increase in layer thickness can be well described by assuming that the diffusion of oxygen through the Cu matrix is the rate-determining step. This behavior is compared with the phenomenon of internal oxidation of Cu-Ni alloys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662044
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of standards in the quantitative electron probe micro analysis of binary metal systems (1974)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 62 (1974), S. 617-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die hier untersuchten binären Metallsysteme hat sich die von Ziebold und Ogilvie angegebene Beziehung als gültig erwiesen. Wie sich zeigen ließ, kann man mehrphasige Legierungen als Eichstandards verwenden, wenn gewisse Voraussetzungen erfüllt sind. In Zusammenhang mit der Langzeit-Instabilität der Mikrosonde kann es sein, daß sich die Konstante der Ziebold-Ogilvie-Kurve mit der Zeit ändert. Es besteht kein Grund zur Annahme, daß diese Instabilität auf das eine benutzte Instrument beschränkt ist. Daher wird empfohlen, ein oder zwei Standardlegierungen zusammen mit dem reinen Bezugsmetall zu verwenden, um jederzeit die Gewähr für einwandfreie Meßergebnisse zu haben. Die Auswirkung der Langzeit-Instabilität kann bei dem üblichen, theoretisch ermittelten Korrekturverfahren nur schwer in Rechnung gestellt werden.
    Notes: Summary For the binary metal systems investigated, the Ziebold-Ogilvie relation has been found to be valid. It has been shown that polyphase alloys may be used as calibration standards if some specific conditions are fulfilled. In connection with a long-term instability of the microprobe apparatus, the Ziebold-Ogilvie constant of the calibration curve may vary with time. There is no reason for assuming that this instability is restricted to the particular instrument used. Therefore it is recommended that one or two standard alloys be used together with the pure reference metal to determine that constant every time concentration measurements have to be performed. The effect of the long-term instability can hardly be taken into account in the usual theoretically-based correction procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01218197
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the use of Gaussian φ(ρz) curves in quantitative electron probe microanalysis: A new optimization (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 13 (1984), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computer program based on the use of Gaussian expressions for the x-ray distribution with depth [φ(ρz)curves] was tested on its usefulness for quantitative electron probe microanalysis. As the good results originally claimed for a similar program could not be reproduced initially, it was subjected to a detailed analysis. As a result, some modifications in the approach are proposed. Apart from increasing the speed of calculation considerably, the modified expressions provide a better insight into the delicate balance which has to exit between the relevant quantities involved. After a new optimization process the modified program was tested on about 450 published microanalyses. The results show that the φ(ρz) approach is indeed very promising as a narrow histogram with an r. m. s. value of 5. 4% could be produced. Finally, some suggestions are made for future improvements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300130211
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