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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 846-848 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The short-period (GaAs)n1(AlAs)n2 superlattices with parameters (n1,n2)=(21,25), (6,42), (14,16), and (23,8) have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates along the [012] direction and characterized by x-ray and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The appearance of distinct satellite peaks around the Bragg reflections demonstrates the formation of high quality superlattices. The observed TO and LO confined modes have frequencies which map closely those of the optical phonons of bulk GaAs and AlAs in the Γ-W-X direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 3 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The DNA-binding AbrB protein of Bacillus subtilis is an ambiactive transcriptional regulator of genes expressed during the transition state between vegetative growth and the onset of stationary phase and sporulation. Studies on the transcriptional control of AbrB synthesis using abrB-lacZ fusions indicated that the abrB gene was autoregulated. This was consistent with the observation that purified AbrB protein bound specifically to the promoter region of its own gene in DNase I protection experiments. The structural gene mutation abrB4 abolished the autoregulatlon and purified AbrB4 protein did not have the promoter binding properties associated with the wild-type protein. Both AbrB and AbrB4 proteins were shown to be hexamers of 10500 Dalton subunits and subunit exchange occurred between the proteins in vitro. However, the presence of only one or two mutant subunits dramaticaly altered the DNA-binding ability of the multimeric protein. The results support a model in which autoregulation of the abrB gene is an important factor in preventing sporulation-associated genes from being expressed during vegetative growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: chronic renal failure ; low protein diet ; supplementation ; branched chain amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 58 ambulante Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz (Serumkreatinin 6–10 mg/dl) erhielten eine eiweißreduzierte Diät (30 g), substituiert mit essentiellen Aminosäuren (EAS) bzw. deren Ketoanalogen (KS). Gruppe A (n=19) erhielt Substitutionspräparat A mit einer Zusammensetzung entsprechend dem Rose-Schema, Gruppe B (n=39) erhielt das Substitutionspräparat B mit einer höheren Konzentration an verzweigtkettigen KS, entsprechend den Vorschlägen von Walser. Zu Beginn und nach Beendigung der Untersuchungsperiode von 6 Monaten wurden neben den Plasmakonzentrationen der verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren Parameter der Nierenfunktion, des Ernährungsstatus und des Knochenstoffwechsels bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß ein höherer Anteil an verzweigtkettigen EAS/KS (Gruppe B) in der Substitution eine Verbesserung ergab bezüglich des Ernährungsstatus. Es kam zu einem Anstieg des Körpergewichts, zu einem Abfall des Serumharnstoffs und zu einer Normalisierung der Plasma-Aminosäuren. Die Veränderungen bezüglich der renalen Osteopathie waren in Gruppe B deutlich geringer: Die Konzentrationen von Serumphosphat und alkalischer Phosphatase fielen ab, die Calciumwerte stiegen an. In beiden Gruppen ergab sich eine verlangsamte Progression der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz, die in Gruppe B deutlicher ausgeprägt war. Sämtliche hier genannten Ergebnisse waren statistisch signifikant (p〈0,01).
    Notes: Summary 58 outpatients with a serum creatinine between 6–10 mg/dl received a low protein diet (LPD) with 30 g protein/day, supplemented with essential amino acids (EAA) or their keto analogues (KA). Group A (n=19) was given an EAA/KA supplement according to the pattern proposed by Rose and group B (n=39) received a preparation with an increased amount of KAs of branched chain amino acids (BCKA), as recommended by Walser. At the start of treatment with a LPD supplemented with either of the two supplements and after 6 months of treatment we assessed: plasma branched chain amino acids (BCAA), renal function, nutritional status, and bone metabolism. After six months of dietary treatment the results showed in group B in contrast to group A an improvement of nutritional status (body weight increased, urea decreased, and BCAA normalized). The same was true for bone metabolism (significantly lower phosphate levels, increased calcium values). In both groups progression of chronic renal failure slowed down, but the delay was more pronounced in group B. All results were statistically significant (p〈0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 3 (1989), S. 56-60 
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Age at renal death ; Chronic renal failure ; Nephronophthisis ; Deterioration of renal function ; Serum creatinine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The rate of deterioration of renal function was determined in 29 patients with juvenile nephronophthisis presenting before the age of 18.5 years. The analysis was based on 618 serial determinations of serum creatinine (SCR). By application of a new statistical method the time elapsing between different successive SCR levels was calculated. A more or less homogeneous increase of SCR was noted starting from the time when a SCR of 4 mg/dl was reached. The median time elapsing between an SCR of 2 and 4 mg/dl was 32 months, between 4 and 6 mg/dl 10 months and between 6 and 8 mg/dl 5 months. The median age at the start of renal replacement therapy or death due to uraemia, evaluated by survival analysis, was similar in both sexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 245 (1989), S. 9-10 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; cell kinetics ; estrogen receptor ; progesterone receptor ; prognosis ; proliferative index ; stage ; thymidine labeling index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied cellular proliferation by measuring the tritiated thymidine labeling index (TLI) in slices of primary invasive breast carcinomas. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) were measured by ligand-binding assay. The TLI was a strong independent predictor of survival and relapse-free survival in women with or without axillary lymph nodal metastases and in American Joint Committee stage I. In operable node-negative women treated surgically, predicted survival at 5 years was 89 ± 4% (probability±standard error) for 81 patients with low TLI (⩽3%), 64 ± 7% for 101 with mid TLI (3.1 – 8%), and 66 ± 6% for 86 with high TLI (〉8%) (P = 0.001). Probabilities of survival for patients with positive axillary nodes were 79 ± 6% for 86 with low, 71 ± 7% for 71 with mid, and 52 ± 6% for 89 with high TLI (P = 0.0002). In stage I patients (tumor diameter not exceeding 2 cm), 5-year survival probabilities were 93 ± 4% in 70 with low, 72 ± 8% in 43 with mid, and 58 ± 10% in 35 with high TLI, (P = 0.0005). The TLI was predictive for survival and relapse-free survival within subgroups positive and negative for ER and positive for PgR (P〈0.05) in stage I patients, and a predictive trend was observed in the PgR-negative subgroup (P = 0.16). TLI also predicted within different categories of vascular invasion and nuclear grade. A stepwise Cox proportional hazards model selected TLI, number of positive axillary lymph nodes, and maximum diameter of the breast carcinoma as independent variables predictive of relapse, and added ER as a fourth variable for prediction of survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of primary prevention 9 (1988), S. 92-103 
    ISSN: 1573-6547
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The victimization that occurs when women have experienced sexual violence often disrupts their connection to community, producing feelings of helplessness and powerlessness. Traditional models of crisis intervention and self-help assist women in their exploration of the personal consequences of this victimization, facilitating a healing process. Women can move on through a developmental growth process leading to competence and empowerment. This paper presents a promotive service model for women to help them move through personal victimization to social competence and political empowerment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 141 (1924), S. 82-94 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine Methode ausgeführt, das Atomgewicht von Wismut zu bestimmen durch Verbrennung einer seiner organischen Verbindungen, des Triphenyls. Im besonderen bestand die Aufgabe darin, eiae brauchbare Darstellungsmethode des Ausgangsmaterials zu ermitteln, um dessen Verwendungsmöglichkeit für eine exakte Analyse zu prüfen. Wie oben gezeigt wurde, konnte die Reindarstellung des Wismuttriphenyls leicht durch Destillation im Hochvakuum erzielt werden, die, wie auch die Sublimation, als die besten Methoden der Reinigung anzusehen sind. Wir erhielten ein absolut reines, durch Schmelz und Siedepunkt identifiziertes Produkt. Die Destillation wurde so geführt, daß der Tiegel, indem das Destillat aufgefangen wurde, im Wägegläschen verschlossen werden konnte, ohne mit der Außenluft in Berührung zu kommen, so daß jede Gefahr einer Aufnahme von Luftfeuchtigkeit vermieden wurde. Eine Verdichtung von Gasen innerhalb des Wismuttriphenyls konnte ebenfalls nicht eintreten, da ja einerseits im Vakuum gearbeitet wurde, andererseits das Destillat zu einer kompakten Masse im Tiegel erstarrte, deren Oberfläche nur klein war. Die Verbrennung selbst, die in Tiegeln aus Quarzglas ausgeführt wurde, verlief leicht und einwandfrei mittels reinster Oxalsäure, die durch mehrmalige Sublimation leicht rein dargestellt werden konnte. Bezüglich des Wismutoxyds ist noch zu sagen, daß es völlig frei von Kohlenstoff war, und wie die Prüfung ergab, keine okkludierten Gase enthielt, auch keinen Unterschied in der Auswage zeigte, wenn es direkt oder erst nach Evakuierung gewogen wurde. Dadurch, daß das Oxyd wieder im RICHARDschen Einfallapparat im Wägegläschen verschlossen wurde, war auch jede Bildung von basischem Salz ausgeschlossen. Von großem Vorteil und für die Arbeit als solche sehr günstig war vor allem, daß die Einwage, die Verbrennung selbst und auch die Auswage in ein- und demselben Gefäß vorgenommen wurde.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0730-6679
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Chemical and physical processes are attracting increasing attention from plastics processors. The reasons for this are basically twofold. On the one hand, more and more processors are recognizing that the quality of their products is highly dependent upon physical processes (cooling, temperature control, blending, etc.) and, on the other hand, new methods of physical and chemical treatment are being developed which are bringing improvements in quality and hence, virtually inevitably, greater profitability in production. This technology has made its impact both on discontinuous processing (reaction injection molding), on cable and pipe extrusion, and on the direct polymerization of tapes and films. The formulations that can be applied here are monomer casting systems. A prerequisite for the industrial utilization of this system is a process analysis of the reaction molding compound processing in a parallel-running twin screw extruder to allow the influence of the process parameters on product quality (e.g., molecular weight) to be clarified and the polymerization to be integrated into other processing sequences, such as panel extrusion. The modification of tried and tested plastics through blending with other polymers, however, can also change the properties of the material in such a way that cost-intensive plastics can be replaced or even new fields of application can be opened up. The attainable properties are just as much a function of the individual components and their percentage content as they are of the blending technique, as investigalions on a corotating twin-screw extruder have shown. The melting zone takes on primary significance, since it is here that both the homogenization and desired or undesired high shearing takes place. The crystallization of semicrystalline plastics also has a considerable influence on product quality. To date this has been influenced by the selective addition of nucleiproducing foreign substances. A new process substitutes electron-irradiated granules for these nucleating agents, such that the drawbacks of the foreign particles (toxicity, notch effect, and optical impairment) are eliminated. The effectiveness of this measure is reflected in better mechanical characteristic values. These both allow a higher product quality and a shortening of cooling time and hence higher productivity. Modijication of material properties through subsequent crosslinking represents the state of the art in rubber and polyethylene extrusion for cables and pipes. Special peroxides and the application of microwave energy make it possible to crosslink extrudates (pipes, profiles) made of HDPE and EPDM. The kinetics of crosslinking are explained, taking the example of crosslinking with peroxides. It is seen that the process technologv has to be adapted to the compound in terms of residence time and temperature. Under these conditions the microwave energy crosslinking plant operates with considerably shorter plant lengths and hence with lower energy losses.
    Additional Material: 50 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advances in Polymer Technology 6 (1986), S. 277-283 
    ISSN: 0730-6679
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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