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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 61 (1969), S. 29-44 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 296 (1977), S. 123-130 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Neuroblastoma ; 6-Aminonicotinamide ; Glycolysis ; Hexose monophosphate pathway ; Metabolic differences to C-6 glial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Application of 6-AN (0.01 mg/ml) leads to a strong accumulation of 6-PG in C-1300 neuroblastoma cells which, however, only amounts to one third of that found in C-6 glial cells. 2. In C-1300 neuroblastoma cells dephosphorylation of the accumulated 6-PG causes a rise of the intracellular gluconate to eight times the value found for 6-PG. It is four times higher than the gluconate content observed in C-6 glical cells. 3. Although 6-PG is a competitive inhibitor of PGI it causes no reduction of glycolytic flux and ATP content in stationary phase C-1300 neuroblastoma cells in contrast to the strong reduction of glycolytic flux and ATP content observed in C-glial cells. 4. The intracellular Glc-6-P and Fru-6-P content of C-1300 neuroblastoma cells increases by four to five times after treatment with 6-AN. Both this increase and the decrease of Fru-1,6-P2 content point to an inhibition of the phosphofructokinase. 5. In contrast to C-6 glial cells no morphological changes could be observed in C-1300 neuroblastoma cells up to 24 h after administration of 6-AN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 92 (1978), S. 275-286 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Enzyme release ; Glycolytic enzymes ; Plasma membrane ; Tumor cells ; Cell culture ; Enzymfreisetzung ; glykolytische Enzyme ; Plasmamembran ; Tumorzellen ; Zellkultur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zellen verschiedenen Ursprungs setzen in vitro glykolytische Enzyme in das umgebende Medium frei. Dieser Prozeß ist besonders deutlich bei Tumorzellen, am ausgeprägtesten bei den Aszitesformen. Erythrozyten zeigen diesen Effekt nicht. Die insgesamt nachweisbare extrazelluläre Phosphoglucose-Isomerase-Aktivität besteht aus zwei Anteilen: einem, der im Medium gelöst ist und einem zweiten, der bei 150×g mit den Zellen sedimentierbar ist. Der letztere scheint an der Zelloberfläche lokalisiert zu sein. Bei Zelldichten von 106 Zellen/ml wird das Maximum der Enzymfreisetzung innerhalb von 5–10 min erreicht. Danach bleibt die Enzymaktivität konstant. In Gegenwart von Serum ist die Geschwindigkeit der Enzymfreisetzung erheblich vermindert. Dieser Prozeß ist reversibel nach Waschungen mit Protein-freien Medien. Behandlung mit Trypsin führt zu hohen extrazellulären Phosphoglucose-Isomerase-Aktivitäten bei den Zellen, die ursprünglich geringe Enzymaktivitäten aufweisen. Erythrozyten zeigen keinen Effekt. Die hohe extrazelluläre Phosphoglucose-Isomerase-Aktivität der Aszites-Tumorzellen ändert sich durch Trypsin nicht. Bei einer Zelldichte von 105 Zellen/ml können ca. 12% der intrazellulären Phosphoglucose-Isomerase-Aktivität durch 5 Elutionen mit jeweils frischen Medien freigesetzt werden. Die Freisetzung verschiedener glykolytischer Enzyme unterliegt einer deutlich nachweisbaren Selektivität. Im Vergleich zu anderen glykolytischen Enzymen weist die Aldolase die höchste Aktivität im Medium im Verhältnis zu ihrer Homogenataktivität auf.
    Notes: Summary Several types of cultured cells release glycolytic enzymes into their suspending medium. This effect is most obvious with tumor cells, especially with their ascites forms. Erythrocytes do not release glycolytic enzymes. The total extracellular phosphoglucose isomerase activity consists of two components. One part is dissolved in the medium, the other one is sedimentable at 150× g together with the cells. The latter seems to be localized at the cell surface. At densities of about 106 cells/ml maximum activity in the medium is reached within 5–10 min. After that no further release of enzyme activity can be observed. Serum reduces the rate of enzyme release considerably. This effect can be reversed by washing with protein free media. Treatment with trypsin leads to high extracellular phosphoglucose isomerase activities of the cells which originally show low external enzyme activity. Erythrocytes do not show any effect with trypsin, ascites tumor cells do not alter their high extracellular enzyme activity. At a density of 105 cells/ml, Yoshida acites tumor cells, cultured in vitro, release about 12% of originally intracellular phosphoglucose isomerase activity by 5 elutions with fresh medium. The process of enzyme release shows a certain selectivity in respect to different glycolytic enzymes. Aldolase exhibits the highest activity in the medium in relation to its homogenate activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of mathematical biology 5 (1977), S. 55-59 
    ISSN: 1432-1416
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Assuming a four strand model and no chromatid interference, lack of chiasma interference is known to be equivalent to the assumption that the formation of chiasmata follows a Poisson process. We prove that lack of chiasma interference is also equivalent to the assumption that a random gamete shows recombination on any given interval of a chromosome independently of recombination on all disjoint intervals. Both assumptions are sufficient, but not necessary, for Haldane's formula relating recombination to map distance to be true, as we demonstrate by specific counterexamples. These issues are discussed in the context of the theory of stochastic point processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 291 (1975), S. 213-216 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Antimetabolic action of 6-AN ; Inhibition of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ; Gluconate excretion ; Kidney function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After application of 6-aminonicotinamide, an increasing amount of gluconate was found in the urine. No correlation with the renal excretion of electrolytes could be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 294 (1976), S. 213-215 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: C6 Glial cells ; 6-Aminonicotinamide ; Glycolysis ; Glycogen ; Morphological alteration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. 6-Aminonicotinamide (0.01 mg/ml) leads to a strong accumulation of 6-PG in C6 glial cells after 24 h. 2. The accumulated 6-PG is dephosphorylated to gluconate which easily permeates the cell membrane. Extracellular gluconate is formed at a rate of 12% of the total glucose consumption. 3. 6-PG as competitive inhibitor of the PGI caused a reduction of the glycolytic flux of about 40%. 4. The reduced glycolytic flux lowers the ATP concentration under anaerobic conditions to 75% of the controls. 5. The glycogen content after 6-AN is increased by 50%, probably by the activation of the glycogen synthetase due to the higher Glc 6-P concentration. 6. The fibroblast-like morphology of the C6 cell line has typically changed under 6-aminonicotinamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 298 (1977), S. 259-262 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Neuroblastoma cells N2A ; Acridine orange-staining ; Cell differentiation ; RNA distribution ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vital staining of neuroblastoma cells with acridine orange produces a bright intracellular red-orange fluorescence most probably due to the occurrence of RNA. The distribution of this fluorescence depends on the state of morphological differentiation. The fluorescence is predominantly found in the perikaryon, the growth cones, and the endings of the processes of differentiated cells. This is of special interest in respect to the biochemistry of differentiation and the function of nerve cells. Comparative autoradiographical studies with 3H-uridine demonstrate that the newly synthesised RNA is transported into the endings of the cell processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 305 (1978), S. 117-121 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: C-1300 neuroblastoma cells ; 6-Aminonicotinamide ; Differentiation ; Acetylcholinesterase activity ; Growth inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Addition of 6-AN (0.01 mg/ml) to growing cultures of C-1300 neuroblastoma cells strongly reduced cell division. This growth inhibition was accompanied by a higher cell volume and a lower protein content per cell as compared to controls. Concurrently the specific activity of AChE increased markedly in controls and 6-AN-treated cultures. During the experimental periods the specific activity of AChE was significantly higher after 6-AN. Morphologically, 6-AN-treated cultures showed characteristic signs of differentiation, i.e. enlarged, flattened cells with long branched processes. The described effect of 6-AN on growth and differentiation of neuroblastoma cells was less pronounced if cells received the antimetabolite after a subcultivation period of 5 days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 263 (1969), S. 496-499 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Pentose Phosphate Pathway ; 6-Aminonicotinamide ; 6-Phospho d-Gluconate:NADP Oxidoreductase ; 6-Phosphogluconate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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