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  • Electronic Resource  (7)
  • 1975-1979  (7)
  • Ultrastructure  (3)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (2)
  • Commelina  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of stomatal opening during uptake of carbohydrates by guard cells in isolated epidermal tissues (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Carbohydrates ; Stomata ; Commelina ; Proton-cotransport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The uptake of glucose and other carbohydrates into the guard cells of Commelina communis L. was found to inhibit the opening of the stomata. The concentration of glucose necessary to achieve about 50% inhibition was of the same order of magnitude as the potassium concentration required for opening; the uptake systems for potassium and glucose appear to be competitive and to exhibit the same degree of affinity. It is suggested that the uptake of glucose occurs via a proton cotransport, which, depolarizing the membrane potential, slows down the electrogenic import of potassium ions. The process of stomatal closure, in contrast, appears not to be affected by carbohydrate uptake. In guard cells of Tulipa gesneriana L. and Vicia faba L., which do not possess subsidiary cells, import of glucose or other carbohydrates did not interfere with the regulation of stomatal movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387143
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton-stimulated opening of stomata in relation to chloride uptake by guard cells (1979)
    Springer
    Planta 144 (1979), S. 305-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Proton ; Chloride symport ; Commelina ; Stomatal mechanism ; Vicia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The concentration of potassium chloride required in the incubation medium to open stomata in isolated epidermal tissues of Commelina communis L. and Vicia faba L. could be lowered from 100 mM to 10 mM if the proton concentration of the ambient solution was increased from pH 5.6 to pH 3.5. This acidification effect was formerly attributed to the destruction of epidermal and subsidiary cells resulting in a relief of back pressure upon guard cells. While guard cells remain viable at pH 3.5, as demonstrated by their susceptibility to inhibition by uptake of glucose or to uncoupling by DNP, incipient destruction of the cells surrounding them could first be observed 30 min after the onset of the incubation experiment. By this time, however, the stomata had already opened; the time course of stomatal opening at pH 3.5 did not show any lag phase corresponding to the time required for damaging epidermal cells and showed no difference to that at pH 5.6 Thus, the acid-stimulated opening of stomata appears to be a biphasic phenomenon consisting of a physiologic effect onto which the physical effect of the relief of back pressure is superimposed over longer periods of incubation. To interpret the physiologic role of an increased proton concentration in the ambient solution of isolated epidermal strips, it is suggested that guard cells take up protons and chloride ions in an electroneutral symport. While protons are extruded again to generate the negative membrane potential required for potassium influx, chloride ions are retained to maintain electroneutrality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391572
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methanogenium, a new genus of marine methanogenic bacteria, and characterization ofMethanogenium cariaci sp. nov. andMethanogenium marisnigri sp. nov. (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanogenium cariaci ; Methanogenium marisnigri ; Marine methanogenic bacteria ; Ultrastructure ; TaxonomyMethanogenium gen. nov.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new genus of marine methanogenic bacteria and two species within this genus are described.Methanogenium is the proposed genus andMethanogenium cariaci the type species. Cells of the type species are Gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated, irregular cocci with a periodic wall surface pattern. Colonies formed by these bacteria are yellow, circular and umbonate with entire edges. The DNA base composition is 52 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Formate or hydrogen and carbon dioxide serve as substrates for growth. Cells ofMethanogenium marisnigri are of similar shape but smaller diameter thanM. cariaci. The colonies ofM. marisnigri are convex, and the DNA base composition is 61 mol % G+C. Formate or hydrogen and carbon dioxide are growth substrates. Sodium chloride is required for growth of both methanogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689979
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromorphology of Gram-negative hydrogen bacteria (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Micromorphology ; Gram-negative hydrogen bacteria ; Flagellation ; Flagellar fine structure ; Pili
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cell morphology, the arrangement and fine structure of flagella and the piliation of the following Gram-negative aerobic hydrogen bacteria have been studied: Alcaligenes eutrophus, Alcaligenes paradoxus, Alcaligenes ruhlandii, Pseudomonas flava, Pseudomonas pseudoflava, Pseudomonas palleronii, Pseudomonas facilis, Aquaspirillum autotrophicum, Paracoccus denitrificans, Corynebacterium autotrophicum, and strains MA 2 and SA 35. The identity of the bacteria was examined by their substrate spectra and type of flagellation. Three types of flagellar fine structure were differentiated. The presence of pili was noted in strains of Alcaligenes paradoxus, Pseudomonas flava, P. pseudoflava, P. palleronii, and P. facilis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410769
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromorphology of Gram-negative hydrogen bacteria (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 114 (1977), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Micromorphology ; Gram-negative ; Hydrogen bacteria ; Cell envelope ; Cytoplasmic inclusions ; Membranes ; Mesosomes ; Glycogen ; Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate ; Cell wall types
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The fine structure of the cell envelope, of membrane systems and of cytoplasmic inclusions of Gram-negative aerobic hydrogen bacteria has been studied. The results have been tabulated, and three main groups could be recognized: Group 1: Alcaligenes eutrophus, A. paradoxus, A. ruhlandii, Pseudomonas facilis, P. flava, P. pseudoflava, P. palleronii, and Aquaspirillum autotrophicum; Group 2: “Corynebacterium” autotrophicum and strains MA 2 and SA 35; Group 3: Paracoccus denitrificans. Special structures related to the chemoautotrophic way of life of the hydrogen bacteria were not observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410770
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular proteolysis in rat cardiac and skeletal muscle cells in culture (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 98 (1979), S. 587-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Treatment of adult rats with dexamethasone resulted in an increase in cardiac muscle weight but a decrease in skeletal muscle weight. The different response of skeletal and cardiac muscles to the glucocorticoid was also reflected by a dexamethasone-induced enhancement of myofibrillar protease activity in the gastrocnemius muscle and an inhibition of a similar proteolytic activity in the heart. Newborn rats also exhibit the same, tissue-specific response to the glucocorticoid hormone. Consequently, the difference between cardiac and skeletal muscle responsiveness to conditions of wasting was investigated in culture. Average rates of degradation of intracellular proteins were determined in cultured cells derived from rat skeletal and cardiac muscle by following the release of radioactivity from cells prelabelled with 14C-phenylalanine. The release of label into the TCA soluble medium as measured during 12 hours of incubation, conformed to a first-order reaction and both cell types were found to degrade intracellular proteins at a similar rate. After 12 hours of incubation in a complete Ham F-10 medium supplemented with serum approximately 18% of total cellular protein was degraded. Incubation in a minimal medium or serum-deprivation enhanced the average rate of proteolysis to a value of 29% degradation at 12 hours indicating that intracellular proteolysis in these cells is responding to nutritional deprivation by increased activity. However, addition of glucose (22.2 nM) or dexamethasone (10-6M) to the incubation medium failed to affect the rate of net protein degradation. Under no experimental condition could a difference be found between the proteolytic response of skeletal muscle cells to that of cardiac muscle cells and both cell types displayed similar changes in rates of protein degradation under various nutritional and hormonal conditions in culture. Thus, protein sparing in the heart of intact animals under catabolic conditions which enhance protein loss in skeletal muscle can probably not be ascribed to intrinsic differences in the direct response of cellular proteases to the tested hormones and nutrients. Rather, an extracellular factor(s) is apparently required for induction of the differential response of these tissues in the intact animal to protein wasting conditions. Alternatively, cells in culture might have lost the property of differential degradative response which operates in vivo.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040980316
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucose and amino acid metabolism in an established line of skeletal muscle cellsSupported by grants from the American Diabetes Association, Inc. American Diabetes Association, Southern California Affiliate, the Kroc Foundation, and NIH Training Grant AM-07094. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 309-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The suitability of an established myogenic line (L6) for the study of skeletal muscle intermediary metabolism was investigated. Myoblasts were grown in tissue culture for ten days at which time they had differentiated into multinucleated myotubes. Myotube preparations were then incubated for up to 96 hours in 10 ml of Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. Glucose was utilized at a nearly linear rate, 3.0 nmol/min/mg protein. Intracellular glucose was detectable throughout the incubation, even when medium glucose was as low as 16 mg%. During the initial 28 hours of incubation, when net lactate production was observed, only 35% of the glucose utilized was converted to lactate. Alanine was produced in parallel to lactate at an average rate of 0.6 nmol/min/mg protein. In concert with active glutamine utilization, high rates of ammoniagenesis were observed as medium glutamine decreased from 3.3 mM to 0.49 mM and medium ammonia increased from 2.3 mM to 6.2 mM, between zero time and 96 hours of incubation, respectively. The cells maintained stable ATP and citrate levels, and physiologic intracellular lactate/pyruvate ratios (10-24) throughout 96 hours of incubation. These results suggest (1) glucose utilization by skeletal muscle in tissue culture is limited by phosphorylation, not transport; (2) as much as 50% of glucose-derived pyruvate enters mitochondrial pathways; (3) glutamine carbon may be utilized simultaneously with glucose consumption and this process accounts for high rates of ammoniagenesis.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960306
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