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  • Electronic Resource  (5)
  • Micropuncture  (3)
  • 2-Oxoglutarate  (2)
  • Aldosterone  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Oxalate ; Succinate ; Glutarate ; 2-Oxoglutarate ; Citrate ; Sulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the specificity for contraluminal para-aminohippurate (PAH) transport, the inhibitory potency of aliphatic dicarboxylates on3H-PAH influx, as well as the inhibitory effect on35SO 4 2− - and3H-succinate influx, from the interstitium into cortical tubular cells in situ has been determined. The following was found: 1. Testing a homologous series of dicarboxylates-ranging from the 2 C oxalate to the 10 C sebacate — PAH transport was inhibited by succinate (app.K i 1.35 mmol/l), and all longer dicarboxylates, with high potency (app.K i 0.05–0.35 mmol/l). Sulfate transport was inhibited only by oxalate (app.K i 1.1 mmol/l), while dicarboxylate transport was inhibited by succinate, glutarate, adipate and pimelate with decreasing potency (app.K i 0.04, 0.24, 0.91, 4.0 mmol/l, respectively). 2. PAH transport was inhibited by succinate and glutarate with high potency (app.K i 1.35 and 0.05 mmol/l), by the correspondent monomethylester to a lesser extent (app.K i 1.7 and 0.74 mmol/l), but not by the dimethylester. On the other hand, the semialdehyde of succinate with aK i-value of 1.2 mmol/l, had the same inhibitory potency as succinate itself, while the dialdehyde of glutarate (app.K i 1.4 mmol/l) was much less potent as glutarate. 3. Introduction of an oxo-, methyl- or sulfhydroxylgroup onto the 2-position of succinate, or of an oxo-group onto the 2-position of glutarate moderately augmented the inhibitory potency against PAH-uptake. However, introduction of a 2-hydroxy group onto succinate or glutarate in thel-position reduced the inhibitory potency more than in thed-position. Introduction of two methyl-, sulfhydryl- or hydroxyl-groups in the 2–3-position of succinate reduced or abolished its inhibitory potency. The introduction of a 2-amino group onto succinate or glutarate abolished its effect on PAH transport. However, N-acetylation or N-benzoylation led to a restitution in inhibitory potency. 4. The trans-isomers fumarate and mesaconate inhibited PAH- and methylsuccinate transport, while the cis-isomers maleate and citraconate did so to a lesser extent or not at all. The effect was reversed with the tricarboxylic aconitates, because cis-aconitate bears a CH2-extended COOH-group in trans-position and trans-aconitate in cis-position. The data indicate that there exist three different anion transport systems at the contraluminal cell side of the proximal renal tubule: 1. a sulfate-oxalate transporter, 2. a sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter, and 3. a paraaminohippurate transporter. The PAH transport system accepts dicarboxylates with chain length higher than 7.5 Å (=distance between the terminal oxygen atoms), while the dicarboxylate transport interacts with dicarboxylates with a chain length between 6.5 and 10 Å. Both transport systems prefer the transconfiguration. The effect of side groups on the interaction of dicarboxylates with the PAH-transport system is due mainly to hydrophobicity and electron configuration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Renal Tubule ; Phosphate Transport ; Sodium Dependence ; Micropuncture ; Microperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The standing droplet method has been used in combination with the peritubular perfusion of blood capillaries to determine the build up of transtubular concentration differences of phosphate (P i ) in the renal proximal convoluted tubule of parathyroidectomized rats. Electron probe analysis was used to estimate P i . At zero time both the intraluminal and the contraluminal P i concentration was 2 mM. The time dependent decrease of the intraluminal P i concentration was approximately 4 times faster in the early than in the late proximal convoluted tubule. After 45 sec an intraluminal steady state concentration of 0.20 mM P i was achieved in the early part. In the late part the intraluminal P i concentration approached a steady state value of 0.54 mM at 120 sec. When sodium free solutions were used the intraluminal P i concentration increased to 2.22 mM in the earlier and to 2.76 mM in the late part. The data indicate that in the proximal convoluted tubule 1. The rate of phosphate reabsorption is greater in the early part than in the later part, and 2. phosphate reabsorption might occur as co-transport with Na+ ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 308 (1969), S. 111-126 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Micropuncture ; Functional Isolated Collecting Ducts ; Sodium Transport ; Sodium Permeability ; Aldosterone ; Mikropunktion ; funktionell isoliertes Sammelrohr ; Natriumtransport ; Natriumpermeabilität ; Aldosteron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Mikropunktion und -perfusion der Vasa recta an der freigelegten Nierenpapille von Wistarratten wurde es möglich, die schwankenden Harnstoff- und Natriumkonzentrationen im Interstitium des Nierenmarks zu beseitigen und definierte Versuchsbedingungen für die Sammelrohre zu schaffen. An diesen „funktionell” isolierten Sammelrohrabschnitten wurdenin situ sowohl die Gleichgewichtskonzentrationsdifferenz bei fehlendem Nettosubstanz-und -volumenfluß (ΔC Na) als auch der Nettonatriumtransport (Φ Na) bei gleicher Natriumkonzentration auf beiden Seiten der Sammelrohrwand gemessen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß unter diesen Versuchsbedingungen, bei denen die Tiere in Antidiurese sind, die Natriumrückresorption aus den Sammelrohren isoton abläuft. Die Versuche wurden an vier Tiergruppen durchgeführt: an adrenalektomierten Tieren, an normal ernährten Tieren, an salzarm ernährten Tieren und an normal ernährten Tieren, die zusätzlich Aldosteron bekamen. Φ Na iso war bei adrenalektomierten Tieren 1,2·10−5 bei normal ernährten Tieren 3,1·10−5, bei salzarm ernährten Tieren 4,1·10−5 und bei normal ernährten Tieren unter Aldosteronsubstitution 4,2·10−5 μÄq·mm−2·sec−1. Die entsprechenden ΔC Na werte waren 4, 31, 98, 93 mÄq/l. Unter der Annahme, daßΦ Na iso die Transportkapazität des Systems angibt und daß ΔC Na bei gegebenemΦ Na iso umgekehrt proportional der Leckpermeabilität für Natriumionen ist, kann man aus den vorliegenden Daten schließen, daß Aldosteron am Sammelrohr nicht nur die innere Transportkapazität für Na erhöht, sondern auch die Leckpermeabilität für Na herabsetzt.
    Notes: Summary Micropuncture and -perfusion were performed on vasa recta of the exposed renal papilla in Wistar rats in order to abolish uncontrollable changes of sodium and urea concentration within the medullary interstitium. Thereby the collecting tubules could be studied under well defined experimental conditions. The transport of sodium in the absence of a transtubular concentration difference (Φ Na) as well as differences in steady state concentration of sodium (ΔC Na) at zero net flux of water and solutes were measuredin situ in these functionally isolated collecting ducts. Four groups of animals were studied: adrenalectomized rats, control rats on a normal diet, rats on low sodium diet and normally fed rats with additional aldosterone administration. The respectiveΦ Na were 1.2, 3.1, 4.1 and 4.2·10−5 μeq×mm−2×sec−1, while ΔC Na were 4, 31, 98 and 93 meq/l. One may assume thatΦ Na iso is a measure of the transport capacity of the system and that ΔC Na at a givenΦ Na iso is inversely proportional the leak permeability. Under these conditions our data suggest, that aldosterone causes an increase of intrinsic transport capacity and at the same time a decrease of leak permeability for sodium ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 320 (1970), S. 261-264 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Micropuncture ; Collecting Duct ; Sodium Transport ; Sodium Permeability ; Aldosterone ; Schlüsselwörter ; Mikropunktion ; Sammelrohr ; Natriumtransport ; Natriumpermeabilität ; Aldosteron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In previous micropuncture studies with collecting ducts from the rat kidney, aldosterone was shown to increase the isotonic sodium reabsorption as well as the transepithelial concentration difference for sodium under steady state conditions with zero net flux. It was thought that the latter effect might have been partially due to a reduced leak permeability for sodium caused by the action of the hormone. To examine this possibility, the24Na efflux from the collecting duct was studied and found to be decreased by aldosterone. It follows that the hormone must cause a substantial decrease in sodium permeability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: 2-Oxoglutarate ; Lactate ; Pyruvate ; Nitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to study the characteristics of contraluminal para-aminohippurate transport into proximal tubular cells the stopped flow capillary perfusion method was applied. The disappearance of3H-paraaminohippurate from the capillary perfusate at different concentrations and contact times was measured and saturation type behaviour was found with aK m of 0.08±0.01 (SE) mmol/l,J max of 1.1±0.1 pmol·s−1·cm−1 andr, the final extracellular/intracellular distribution ratio of 0.93±0.03. Omission of Na+ from the capillary test perfusate caused a small reduction of contraluminal PAH uptake at small transport rates (0.1 mmol/l PAH in the test perfusate) but not at high transport rates (1.0 mmol/l PAH in the test perfusate). Change of K+ between 0 and 40 mmol/l and pH between 6.0 and 8.0 did not influence contraluminal PAH uptake. Isotonic replacement of chloride by gluconate, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, methanesulfonate or increase in bicarbonate to 50 mmol/l did not influence PAH uptake at small transport rates. But isotonic sulfate and phosphate, as well as 50 mmol/l HCO 3 − and 25 mmol/l Hepes in isotonic solutions reduced PAH uptake at high transport rates. Addition of 5 mmol/l Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ba2+, Cd2+ to isotonic Na+-gluconate solution did not influence PAH uptake except for Mg2+ and Mn2+ which inhibited uptake at small transport rates only. Preperfusion of the peritubular capillaries with rat serum, Na+ gluconate (Ca2+-+Mg2+-free), Na+ gluconate (Ca2+-+Mg2+-free) plus 10 mmol/l lactate or pyruvate or 0.1 mmol/l 2-oxoglutarate did not influence PAH uptake at small PAH transport rates, but inhibited at high transport rates. Preperfusion of the capillaries for 10 s with Na+-, Ca2+- and Mg2+-free solutions reduced PAH uptake in the presence of Na+ at both transport rates. A second 10 s preperfusion — after the first 10 s Na+-, Ca2+-, Mg2+-free preperfusion — with serum or solutions which contained Na+ and Ca2+ or Mg2+ restored the PAH fluxes to control values. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that contraluminal PAH uptake occurs by a saturable transport mechanism in exchange for other intracellular anions rather than in cotransport with Na+ ions. It was, however, not possible to identify the type of counteranions involved. The large effect of cation replacement on para-aminohippurate transport, which was reported in many previous studies with kidney slices, is not a direct effect on the para-aminohippurate transporter, but is rather caused indirectly via cell metabolism and/or changed ion gradients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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