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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
  • Vascular reactivity  (2)
  • Acidosis  (1)
  • Adverse effects  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Nitric oxide ; Methemoglobin ; Methemoglobinemia ; Adverse effects ; Ascorbic acid ; Glutathione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of the present study was to investigate the treatment of nitric oxide (NO)-induced methemoglobinemia by ascorbate and its consequences on red blood cell (RBC) glutathione in vitro. RBC were obtained from five healthy volunteers. The following experiments were carried out: (1) After methemoglobin generation by NO, ascorbate was added (2) RBC were simultaneously exposed to NO and ascorbate (3) Methemoglobin was generated by NO, ascorbate was added and incubation with NO continued. (1) After discontinuation of NO, the mean half life for methemoglobin was reduced from 195 min (controls) to 60 min (10 mM ascorbate) in a dose-dependent manner. (2) Methemoglobin formation after 3 h of NO exposure was 2.7 ± 0.3 % in controls and 1.8 ± 0.1 % with 10 mM ascorbate (p 〈 0.01). (3) Further methemoglobin formation was inhibited only by 10 mM ascorbate (p 〈 0.001). NO incubation did not affect RBC glutathione (86.5 ± 19.6 and 86.5 ± 19.6 mg/l, respectively). Treatment with 10 mM ascorbate significantly decreased glutathione (p 〈 0.002). In vitro, NO-induced methemoglobin formation is significantly decreased only by a high (10 mM) ascorbate concentration. Glutathione, critical for ascorbate activity, is not influenced by NO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Tubular function ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Hypertension ; Acidosis ; Hyperkalaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 14-year-old boy with the syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalaemia with normal glomerular filtration rate (Gordon's syndrome) is described. The patient's clinical symptoms consisted of periodic paralysis, slight metabolic acidosis of the proximal type and hypercalciuria. Prostaglandin excretion was normal. Infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide had no effect on electrolyte excretion or glomerular function although a normal increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate was demonstrated in plasma and urine. This lack of sensitivity to atrial natriuretic peptide offers a new pathophysiological concept in this syndrome. Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide was successful in this case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 395 (1982), S. 71-74 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Noradrenaline ; Adrenaline ; Vascular reactivity ; Noradrenaline uptake ; Phosphate depletion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma catecholamines and vascular response to noradrenaline were studied in phosphate depleted rats. Phosphate depletion was induced in rats by dietary phosphorus deprivation for 6 weeks. Basal plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine were elevated in phosphate depleted rats compared to pairfed control rats. After exposure to cold (4° C, 45 min) the rise in plasma catecholamines was much more pronounced in phosphate depleted rats. In the isolated perfused rat heart, the uptake of tritiated noradrenaline was unchanged. In the isolated perfused hindlimb preparation the vascular response to noradrenaline, but not to potassium chloride and argininevasopressin was significantly diminished in phosphate depleted rats. It is concluded that in phosphate depletion sympathetic activity is elevated and vascular response to noradrenaline diminished.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 131-138 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Sympathische Aktivität ; Plasma Noradrenalin ; Adrenalin ; Dopamin ; Gefäßreaktivität ; Uptake Aktivität ; Genetische Hypertonie ; Sympathetic activity ; Plasma noradrenaline ; Adrenaline ; Dopamine ; Vascular reactivity ; Uptake activity ; Spontaneous hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Differences in sympathetic vascular tone between Wistar Kyoto rats (WKR) and stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (spSHR) were determined by comparing the following parameters: sympathetic activity was evaluated by determinations of plasma catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine) combined with the measurement of the neuronal and extraneuronal uptake of noradrenaline using an isolated rat heart preparation. The responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle to vasopressor agents was tested in the isolated perfused hindlimb preparation. At the age of 5, 12, 15, and 28 weeks sympathetic nervous activity was significantly higher in spSHR than in WKR since plasma noradrenaline was elevated by almost 50% in the presence of an unaltered activity of the uptake mechanisms. The responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle to noradrenaline was markedly enhanced in spSHR. Besides increased maximal vasoconstriction in response to BaCl2 (20 mmol/l) after potassium chloride depolarization or supramaximal doses of noradrenaline (10−3 mol/l), a supersensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to noradrenaline could also be detected in spSHR (age 5 weeks). The threshold dose and the ED50 were reduced by 25% in spSHR in response to noradrenaline infusions. No changes in threshold or ED50 were found in response to potassium chloride depolarization. The stimulated sympathetic activity in spSHR and the increased responsiveness of resistance vessels to noradrenaline, both contribute to the rise in sympathetic vascular tone. The finding of an increased sympathetic vascular tone in very early stages of hypertension suggest that this factor, producing a primary increase in total peripheral resistance underlies the development of high blood pressure in spSHR.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Unterschiede des sympathischen Gefäßtonus zwischen spontan hypertonen Ratten (spSHR) und Wistar Kyoto Ratten (WKR) wurden an Hand folgender Größen erfaßt: Die sympathische Aktivität wurde ermittelt durch die Bestimmung der Plasmakatecholamine (Noradrenalin, Adrenalin und Dopamin) bei gleichzeitiger Messung der neuronalen und extraneuronalen Wiederaufnahme von Noradrenalin im isolierten Präparat (Langendorff Herz). Die Ansprechbarkeit glatter Gefäßmuskulatur auf vasopressorische Substanzen wurde in der isoliert perfundierten Hinterextremität der Ratte gemessen. Die sympathische Aktivität war bei spSHR im Alter von 5, 12, 15 und 28 Wochen gesteigert, da die Konzentration von Noradrenalin im Plasma um 50% bei unveränderter neuronaler und extraneuronaler Wiederaufnahme erhöht war. Die Ansprechbarkeit der glatten Gefäßmuskulatur gegenüber Noradrenalin war bei spSHR verstärkt. Neben einer stärkeren maximalen Vasokonstriktion nach supramaximalen Dosen von Noradrenalin (10−3 mol/l) oder BaCl2 (20 mmol/l) fand sich eine spezifische Überempfindlichkeit der einzelnen glatten Muskelzelle gegenüber Noradrenalin bei 5 Wochen alten spontan hypertonen Ratten. Während nach Kaliumdepolarisation keine Unterschiede in der Schwellendosis oder der ED50 auftraten, waren diese bei spSHR für die Noradrenalin-induzierten Widerstandserhöhungen um 25% vermindert. Die stimulierte sympathische Aktivität sowie die erhöhte Ansprechbarkeit der Widerstandsgefäße gegenüber Noradrenalin bei spSHR sind Ursache des gesteigerten sympathischen Gefäßtonus, der über eine Erhöhung des peripheren Widerstandes die Entwicklung des hohen Blutdrucks bei der genetischen Hypertonie der Ratte verursacht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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