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  • Electronic Resource  (13)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (9)
  • Adenosine deaminase  (2)
  • Mammals  (2)
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  • Electronic Resource  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ultrastructure of ureteric innervation (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 160 (1975), S. 515-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ureteric innervation ; Mammals ; Interspecies differences ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and structure of the ureteric nerves in a small series of mammals was compared with that previously demonstrated in the rat. There was marked interspecies variation in the extent to which the nerves penetrated the wall of the ureter and in the degree of development of the deep submucous plexus. In animals with a highly developed deep submucous plexus, terminal arterioles frequently passed through the muscle coat before breaking up into capillaries. These vessels were surrounded by a fine periarteriolar plexus and were accompanied in their course through the muscle coat by one or more branches of the adventitial nerves. Intramuscular nerves not related to arterioles contained few axons with terminals classifiable as either adrenergic or cholinergic, and in animals in which the muscle cells were arranged in fascicles rather than in sheets, the nerves were typically interfascicular in position. As in the rat, only the periarteriolar plexuses contained large numbers of adrenergic axons. Cholinergic axons were generally few, but were not uncommon in the deep submucous plexus when this was well-developed. The majority of the terminals encountered in the intramural nerves contained variable and usually small numbers of both clear and large dense-cored vesicles. The relationship between these terminals and those defined in the submucous nerves of the rat ureter was discussed and it was suggested that the marked variations in the diameter of the axons in the terminal areas and in the number of vesicles in the terminals were related to the effects of the mechanical and other derangements which occur during processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225768
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative ultrastructure of the nerves innervating the muscle of the body of the bladder (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 164 (1975), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bladder body ; Mammals ; Musculature ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and structure of the nerves supplying the muscle of the body of the bladder in mammals such as the mouse, guinea-pig, rabbit, cat and dog was compared with that previously demonstrated in the rat. The muscle of the arterioles located between the muscle bundles is innervated by a fine perivascular plexus and the nerves forming the muscular plexus can be divided into inter-and intra-fascicular components. Terminals containing variable but usually small numbers of clear and large dense-cored vesicles are particularly numerous in the interfascicular nerves and the intrafascicular nerves are characterised by large numbers of terminals with the features of those of cholinergic axons. In addition to many small clear vesicles, the cholinergic terminals contained some small dense-cored vesicles, and it is suggested that, as in the rat, these contain a second transmitter which is released with acetylcholine at the terminals during impulse transmission. Adrenergic terminals are more common in the muscular plexuses of the guinea-pig, dog and cat than in those of the other animals studied and there is evidence for the presence of two types of such terminal in the nerves. Of these, one contains a much smaller proportion of small vesicles with dense cores and many more large dense-cored vesicles than the second, and the possibility of a relationship between such terminals and those of short adrenergic neurones and neurones associated with non-adrenergic patterns of impulse transmission is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221700
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ischemia, preconditioning, and adenosine deaminase inhibition on interstitial adenosine levels and infarct size (1997)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 92 (1997), S. 240-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Adenosine deaminase ; microdialysis ; micropig ; myocardial blood flow ; pentostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to examine the relationship between local adenosine concentrations before, during, and after ischemia and the extent of ischemic myocardial damage, measurements of interstitial fluid (ISF) nucleosides were made using microdialysis probes implanted in the ischemic region of isoflurane anesthetized Micropigs undergoing 60′ coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and 3h of reperfusion (REP). Nucleoside concentrations in the dialysate collected from the microdialysis probes were used as an index of ISF levels. Dialysate nucleoside concentrations (ADO, inosine and hypoxanthine), myocardial infarct size, and myocardial blood flow (MBF) were determined in control animals (n=6), animals preconditioned with a single 10′ cycle of CAO and REP (PC, n=6), and those treated with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor pentostatin (n=6, 0.2 mg/Kg IV 30′ prior to CAO). The brief PC occlusion resulted in a transient but significant increase in dialysate ADO (6.7±1.8 μM vs. 0.67±0.1 μM at baseline). Pentostatin administration had no significant effect on either dialysate nucleosides or MBF at baseline. During the 60′ CAO, dialystate ADO increased in control animals. In PC animals, however, dialysate ADO during CAO was lower than control. Pretreatment with pentostatin resulted in a six-fold augmentation in dialysate ADO during the 60 min CAO when compared to the control values (110.62±30.2 μM vs. 16.31±2.1 μM at 60 min of ischemia). Pentostatin also resulted in a significant reduction in the accumulation of inosine and hypoxanthine, indicating inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity. There were no significant differences in MBF between groups at any time point. Following 3 h REP, infarct size was 35.4±5.5%, 8.1±1.5% and 8.3±1.8% of the region at control, PC, and pentostatin groups, respectively. These data suggest that marked increase in ISF ADO during CAO, may be as effective in reducing INF as a modest increase in ISF ADO prior to prolonged CAO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00788519
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of adenosine deaminase inhibition with pentostatin on myocardial stunning in dogs (1995)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 90 (1995), S. 176-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Adenosine deaminase ; adenosine ; myocardial stunning ; sonomicrometers ; microspheres ; dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pentostatin (2-deoxycoformycin) is a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase and has been demonstrated to augment endogenous adenosine levels during regional and global myocardial ischemia. Based on the rationale that increasing endogenous adenosine during ischemia may be cardioprotective, the objective of this study was to determine if adenosine deaminase inhibition with pentostatin could improve postischemic contractile dysfunction (stunning) in open-chest anesthetized dogs. All animals underwent 15 min of coronary occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion preceded by an intravenous bolus of either 0.2 mg/kg of pentostatin (n=8) or saline (n=7). Sonomicrometers were plced in the ischemic area and were used to measure systolic wall thickening before, during, and after occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Myocardial blood flow was measured with tracer labeled microspheres at baseline, 10 min of occlusion and at 1 h of reperfusion. Both groups were equally dyskinetic during occlusion (−21±5% of baseline thickening in the controls and −28±8% in the pentostatin group). The pentostatin group, however, demonstrated better contractile function at all time points during reperfusion, which was significantly different from the control group at 3 h of reperfusion. The improvement in regional function in the pentostatin group was not due to significant disparities in hemodynamic variables, size of the region at risk, or in collateral blood flow. These results indicate that pentostatin can ameliorate the severity of myocardial stunning, an effect we propose is due to increasing endogenous levels of adenosine during the ischemic interval. Although significant improvement was detected with pentostatin, the improvement was modest compared to controls, suggesting that the utility of inhibiting adenosine deaminase to modify regional mechanical stunning is limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789447
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical studies of the maternal surface of the syncytiotrophoblast of human early and term placentaThis research was supported by N.I.H. grants AM-10956 and AM-11028; N.C.I. grant CA-08056-07 and American Cancer Society Institutional Research grant IN-101. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 769-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Light microscopic studies using a battery of basic dye stains combined with sialidase and hyaluronidase digestions indicated that the extensive basophilia of the maternal surface of the placental syncytium largely results from the presence of a non-sulfated mucosubstance specifically identified as hyaluronic acid. Ultrastructural examination of dialyzed iron (DI) stained specimens revealed that DI-positive filaments observed along the syncytial surface were removed by hyaluronidase digestion. Staining with the lectins, Concanavalin A or lentil bean hemagglutinin produced an intense and periodic pattern of staining that was not enzyme labile. Incubation of tissue sections in the enzyme solutions or control buffers allowed the lectins to penetrate the syncytial plasma membrane and stain material within the endoplasmic reticulum presumed to be human chorionic gonadotropin. The maternal surface exhibited essentially no reactivity for acid phosphatase but showed strong alkaline phosphatase activity with a periodic staining pattern. With each of the techniques used there was variability in the intensity of staining in different regions along the maternal surface, suggesting that functionally different zones may be identified cytochemically. Only minor differences were observed in the cytochemical reactivity of early compared with term placenta.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091780408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The goblet cell pattern in the large intestine (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 140 (1961), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091400102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multivesicular bodies and related structures of the syncytiotrophoblast of human term placentaResearch supported by Public Health Service grants AM-10956 and AM-11028. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 175 (1973), S. 15-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Multivesicular bodies and related structures of the syncytiotrophoblast of human term placenta have been studied ultrastructurally and cytochemically. Circular profiles of vesicles termed pre-multivesicular bodies (pre-mvb's) were observed often near Golgi complexes. Multivesicular bodies (mvb's) with electron lucent matrices (L-mvb's), mvb's with electron dense matrices (D-mvb's), and dense bodies were also prevalent organelles of the syncytium. These organelles all exhibited dialyzed iron reactivity and staining characteristics suggesting that the organelles were related. Material within Golgi saccules, Golgi vesicles, vesicles of pre-mvb's, and vesicles of mvb's were all reactive with osmium zinc iodide (PZI). This OZI reactivity further indicated a relationship between the organelles. The matrix of the mvb's exhibited variable reactivity for acid phosphatase (AcPase) but such activity was not encountered in Golgi elements of syncytiotrophoblast. It is suggested that the mvb's of human term placental syncytium are likely formed by aggregation of vesicles of Golgi origin into pre-mvb's, that the pre-mvb's are then capable of transforming into L-mvb's, D-mvb's, and finally into dense (residual) bodies. It is also suggested that mvb's may function in the selective hydrolysis and transport of endocytosed proteins, including globulins. Additional bodies with intense acid phosphatase activity were designated elongate bodies. Other Distinctive organelles designated dense cored spheroids were occasionally observed in the syncytioplasm.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091750104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of estrogen on epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation in the crypts of the descending colon of the mouse: A radioautographic study (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 155 (1979), S. 507-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The regulatory role of estrogen on cell population kinetics in the descending colon was studied in intact female and ovariectomized mice. In the colonic crypts from intact mice, the crypt size (the number of epithelial cells per crypt column) and the proliferative activity of epithelial cells fluctuated slightly during the estrous cycle. Peak cellularity per crypt column was exhibited during estrus and early diestrus, whereas peaks in labeling index were seen during estrus and late metestrus. While the population size of mucous cells showed a minimal variation, the number of proliferative vacuolated cells per crypt column varied inversely with that of differentiated columnar cells during estrous cycle. The vacuolated cells were increased in number in the preovulatory phase and the columnar cells in the postovulatory phase.Three weeks after bilateral ovariectomy, the colonic crypt appeared to reach a new steady state, which was characterized by a small crypt size, a decrease in the number of differentiated cells, an increase in the relative number of proliferative cells and a relative increase in the proliferative activity of the crypt as compared to intact mice.When ovariectomized mice were treated with estrogen, the number of 3H-thymidine-labeled cells in the crypt was decreased as compared to untreated ovariectomized mice, the decrease being greater after a single injection than after multiple injections of estrogen, and the vacuolated-columnar cell line being affected more than mucous cell line. Meanwhile, the crypt size as well as the population size of differentiated cells in the crypt failed to return to normal after estrogen treatments. Thus, estrogen did not promote differentiation of epithelial cells in the crypt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001550407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study by light and scanning electron microscopy of the lining epithelium of the guinea pig bladder following artificial ulceration (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 150 (1977), S. 219-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Following artificial ulceration of the guinea pig bladder epithelium, study by light microscopy showed that mitotic activity occurs within 24 hours in the basal layer of the remaining epithelium, which leads to thickening, disorganization and cell shedding. At the ulcer margin, the epithelium forms a rolled edge, from the extremity of which a two-layered sheet of flat cells grows over the edematous ulcer bed, and the ulcer site is protected during dilation of the bladder by localized muscle spasm. Healing is effected within about one week, as the mitotic activity declines. Organization of the new epithelium commences at the periphery and the cells acquire glycogen and alkaline phosphatase. Study by SEM, which included normal bladders, confirmed that new epithelium spreads from a rolled epithelial edge, and also showed that cells undergoing rejection have globular profiles with surface microvilli. The immature epithelial cells are markedly distorted from mutual pressure during migration and their surfaces show only short microvilli. Ulcers heal after four to seven days, depending on size, and the new cells rapidly assume the pentagonal and hexagonal outlines and the reticular pattern of surface ridges, characteristic of mature surface cells. The ridges apparently develop by fusion of rows of microvilli. By the tenth day it is difficult to identify the original ulcer site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001500202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study by scanning electron microscopy of the bladder epithelium of the guinea pig (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 150 (1977), S. 237-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the surface cells of the guinea pig bladder have pentagonal or hexagonal outlines. Their borders are clearly defined since they are elevated. They possess a large reserve of surface membrane which is markedly folded and wrinkled when the bladder is empty. The folds disappear and the cells become flat during distension. The luminal surface is characterized by numerous reticular ridges which are a remarkably constant feature and persist even under acute artificial distension. A small proportion of the surface cells are small and have less than five sides. Since they show only sparse microvilli as a surface feature, they have a smooth appearance. These are believed to be young surface cells which have just emerged from the intermediate layer, and have not yet acquired the ridged pattern of mature cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001500203
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