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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ischemia, preconditioning, and adenosine deaminase inhibition on interstitial adenosine levels and infarct size (1997)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 92 (1997), S. 240-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Adenosine deaminase ; microdialysis ; micropig ; myocardial blood flow ; pentostatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to examine the relationship between local adenosine concentrations before, during, and after ischemia and the extent of ischemic myocardial damage, measurements of interstitial fluid (ISF) nucleosides were made using microdialysis probes implanted in the ischemic region of isoflurane anesthetized Micropigs undergoing 60′ coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and 3h of reperfusion (REP). Nucleoside concentrations in the dialysate collected from the microdialysis probes were used as an index of ISF levels. Dialysate nucleoside concentrations (ADO, inosine and hypoxanthine), myocardial infarct size, and myocardial blood flow (MBF) were determined in control animals (n=6), animals preconditioned with a single 10′ cycle of CAO and REP (PC, n=6), and those treated with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor pentostatin (n=6, 0.2 mg/Kg IV 30′ prior to CAO). The brief PC occlusion resulted in a transient but significant increase in dialysate ADO (6.7±1.8 μM vs. 0.67±0.1 μM at baseline). Pentostatin administration had no significant effect on either dialysate nucleosides or MBF at baseline. During the 60′ CAO, dialystate ADO increased in control animals. In PC animals, however, dialysate ADO during CAO was lower than control. Pretreatment with pentostatin resulted in a six-fold augmentation in dialysate ADO during the 60 min CAO when compared to the control values (110.62±30.2 μM vs. 16.31±2.1 μM at 60 min of ischemia). Pentostatin also resulted in a significant reduction in the accumulation of inosine and hypoxanthine, indicating inhibition of adenosine deaminase activity. There were no significant differences in MBF between groups at any time point. Following 3 h REP, infarct size was 35.4±5.5%, 8.1±1.5% and 8.3±1.8% of the region at control, PC, and pentostatin groups, respectively. These data suggest that marked increase in ISF ADO during CAO, may be as effective in reducing INF as a modest increase in ISF ADO prior to prolonged CAO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00788519
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of adenosine deaminase inhibition with pentostatin on myocardial stunning in dogs (1995)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 90 (1995), S. 176-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Adenosine deaminase ; adenosine ; myocardial stunning ; sonomicrometers ; microspheres ; dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pentostatin (2-deoxycoformycin) is a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase and has been demonstrated to augment endogenous adenosine levels during regional and global myocardial ischemia. Based on the rationale that increasing endogenous adenosine during ischemia may be cardioprotective, the objective of this study was to determine if adenosine deaminase inhibition with pentostatin could improve postischemic contractile dysfunction (stunning) in open-chest anesthetized dogs. All animals underwent 15 min of coronary occlusion followed by 3 h of reperfusion preceded by an intravenous bolus of either 0.2 mg/kg of pentostatin (n=8) or saline (n=7). Sonomicrometers were plced in the ischemic area and were used to measure systolic wall thickening before, during, and after occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Myocardial blood flow was measured with tracer labeled microspheres at baseline, 10 min of occlusion and at 1 h of reperfusion. Both groups were equally dyskinetic during occlusion (−21±5% of baseline thickening in the controls and −28±8% in the pentostatin group). The pentostatin group, however, demonstrated better contractile function at all time points during reperfusion, which was significantly different from the control group at 3 h of reperfusion. The improvement in regional function in the pentostatin group was not due to significant disparities in hemodynamic variables, size of the region at risk, or in collateral blood flow. These results indicate that pentostatin can ameliorate the severity of myocardial stunning, an effect we propose is due to increasing endogenous levels of adenosine during the ischemic interval. Although significant improvement was detected with pentostatin, the improvement was modest compared to controls, suggesting that the utility of inhibiting adenosine deaminase to modify regional mechanical stunning is limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789447
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ischemia, preconditioning, and adenosine deaminase inhibition on interstitial adenosine levels and infarct size (1997)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 92 (1997), S. 435-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00796218
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased abdominal pain during final examinations (1994)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 39 (1994), S. 104-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: stress ; gastrointestinal motility ; psychological stress ; cortisol ; ACTH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anecdotes and animal experiments alike suggest that physiological and psychological stress can profoundly alter gastrointestinal function. However, few studies have examined, in humans, real-world stress to see if free-living persons exhibit gut alterations similar to those produced in the laboratory. To investigate this possibility, we studied 16 medical and premedical students during final written examinations. As compared to a control day, the examination created a classic stress response: elevated serum cortisol (16±1 to 21±3 µg/dl;P〈0.05), ACTH (31±1 to 33±1 pg/ml;P〈0.05), heart rate (72±3 to 79±3 beats/min;P〈0.05), arterial blood pressure (systolic pressure 106±2 to 120±2 torr;P〈0.05; diastolic pressure 72±2 to 77±1 torr;P〈0.05), and subjective anxiety (raw score 28±2 to 47±3;P〈0.0001). In contrast, subjects displayed identical orocecal liquid transit time (of 0.36 g/kg lactulose in a 240-ml, 250-kcal liquid meal) under control (103±8 min) and examination conditions (106±8 min;P=NS). Mean subjective reports of gas, diarrhea, and borborygmi were unchanged on the day of the experiment, although the examination did increase reported abdominal pain (from 0.5±0.4 to 2.1±0.5 on a 0–5 analog scale;P〈0.05). We conclude that examination stress in humans can increase gastrointestinal symptoms without altering orocecal transit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02090068
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of eye tracking movements using innovations generated by a Kalman filter (1991)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 29 (1991), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Eye tracking movement ; Hinkley test ; Innovations ; Kalman filter ; Saccades ; Time series
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A simple but efficient algorithm has been developed for computer analysis of eye tracking movements. The program separates smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Separation of the two components is achieved using a twostep process of saccade detection. First, an AR model of the velocity of the smooth component is identified and used to determine a Kalman filter. Secondly the innovation sequence generated by this filter allows saccade detection. The precise beginning and end of each saccade are found using a Hinkley algorithm. Examples are given of analysis procedure for eye tracking of a random moving target. The method proved to be highly reliable and could be easily extended to other eye movements such as nystagmus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02446297
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acides gras de trois microsporidies (Protozoa) et de leur hôteCarcinus mediterraneus (Crustacea), sain et parasité parThelohania maenadis (1980)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 61 (1980), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Keywords: Protozoa ; Microsporidia ; Microsporidiosis ; Fatty acids ; Crab
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La première étude concernant la composition lipidique des spores de Microsporidies (Protozoaires) a été réalisée. L'analyse porte sur la teneur en acides gras totaux des spores appartenant à trois espèces différentes parasitant la même espèce-hôte. Les différences dans les résultats des analyses obtenues pour chaque espèce méritent d'être soulignées et également l'abondance du 18:2ω6 chezThelohania maenadis (43%). Les variations observées dans les compositions des acides gras du muscle et de l'hémolymphe provenant deCarcinus mediterraneus sain et parasité parThelohania maenadis ne permettent pas de mettre en évidence une action importante du parasite sur le métabolisme lipidique de l'hôte.
    Notes: Abstract This study concerns the first investigation of the lipid composition of Microsporidia. Analysis of fatty acids in spores from three species (Thelohania maenadis, Ameson (Nosema) pulvis, andOrmieresia carcini), which are muscular parasites of the same host-species,Carcinus mediterraneus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) has revealed a number of important differences with respect to the relative amounts of fatty acids. Especially interesting is the case of linoleic acid (C 18:2ω6) which reaches 43% of the total fatty acids inT. maenadis, but only about 1% in the other species (Table 1). The fatty acid pattern is different in the three species, but certain acids predominate: linoleic (C 18:2ω6) and oleic acids (C 18:1) inT. maenadis, palmitic (C 16:0) and oleic acids (C 18:1) in the other species. Disturbances in the fatty acids of the host as a result of muscular microsporidiosis were also investigated. InC. mediterraneus, hemolymph and muscular fatty acid levels were not found to be notably modified (Table 2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00925457
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical studies of the maternal surface of the syncytiotrophoblast of human early and term placentaThis research was supported by N.I.H. grants AM-10956 and AM-11028; N.C.I. grant CA-08056-07 and American Cancer Society Institutional Research grant IN-101. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 178 (1974), S. 769-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Light microscopic studies using a battery of basic dye stains combined with sialidase and hyaluronidase digestions indicated that the extensive basophilia of the maternal surface of the placental syncytium largely results from the presence of a non-sulfated mucosubstance specifically identified as hyaluronic acid. Ultrastructural examination of dialyzed iron (DI) stained specimens revealed that DI-positive filaments observed along the syncytial surface were removed by hyaluronidase digestion. Staining with the lectins, Concanavalin A or lentil bean hemagglutinin produced an intense and periodic pattern of staining that was not enzyme labile. Incubation of tissue sections in the enzyme solutions or control buffers allowed the lectins to penetrate the syncytial plasma membrane and stain material within the endoplasmic reticulum presumed to be human chorionic gonadotropin. The maternal surface exhibited essentially no reactivity for acid phosphatase but showed strong alkaline phosphatase activity with a periodic staining pattern. With each of the techniques used there was variability in the intensity of staining in different regions along the maternal surface, suggesting that functionally different zones may be identified cytochemically. Only minor differences were observed in the cytochemical reactivity of early compared with term placenta.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091780408
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multivesicular bodies and related structures of the syncytiotrophoblast of human term placentaResearch supported by Public Health Service grants AM-10956 and AM-11028. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 175 (1973), S. 15-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Multivesicular bodies and related structures of the syncytiotrophoblast of human term placenta have been studied ultrastructurally and cytochemically. Circular profiles of vesicles termed pre-multivesicular bodies (pre-mvb's) were observed often near Golgi complexes. Multivesicular bodies (mvb's) with electron lucent matrices (L-mvb's), mvb's with electron dense matrices (D-mvb's), and dense bodies were also prevalent organelles of the syncytium. These organelles all exhibited dialyzed iron reactivity and staining characteristics suggesting that the organelles were related. Material within Golgi saccules, Golgi vesicles, vesicles of pre-mvb's, and vesicles of mvb's were all reactive with osmium zinc iodide (PZI). This OZI reactivity further indicated a relationship between the organelles. The matrix of the mvb's exhibited variable reactivity for acid phosphatase (AcPase) but such activity was not encountered in Golgi elements of syncytiotrophoblast. It is suggested that the mvb's of human term placental syncytium are likely formed by aggregation of vesicles of Golgi origin into pre-mvb's, that the pre-mvb's are then capable of transforming into L-mvb's, D-mvb's, and finally into dense (residual) bodies. It is also suggested that mvb's may function in the selective hydrolysis and transport of endocytosed proteins, including globulins. Additional bodies with intense acid phosphatase activity were designated elongate bodies. Other Distinctive organelles designated dense cored spheroids were occasionally observed in the syncytioplasm.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091750104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biochemical nature of the cell periphery of the salt gland secretory cells of fresh and salt water adapted mallard ducks (1974)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 150 (1974), S. 193-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Avian salt gland ; Electrolyte transport ; Ultrastructure ; Ruthenium red ; Dialyzed iron ; Sialic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both ruthenium red and dialyzed iron techniques indicated that anionic protein-carbohydrates were associated with the plasmalemma of secretory cells in mallard salt glands. Digestion of the tissue with neuraminidase prior to dialyzed iron staining provided evidence that much of the anionic nature of this surface was due to sialic acid. These results were confirmed by biochemical assays showing that the salt-gland tissue contained a relatively high sialic-acid content and that the amount of sialic acid increased with salt-water adaptation. Possible roles of these anionic sites are discussed in relation to currently accepted hypotheses of electrolyte transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222170
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