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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
  • Analgesia  (2)
  • Aggression  (1)
  • Drugs  (1)
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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentiation of morphine analgesia by d-amphetamine (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; d-Amphetamine ; Analgesia ; Potentiation ; Pain ; Opiate ; Rat ; Escape threshold
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to escape from aversive electrical brain stimulation delivered to the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF). The threshold for this escape behavior was determined by a modification of the classic psychophysical method of limits. Escape thresholds were determined after the administration of morphine alone, d-amphetamine alone, and the combination of d-amphetamine and an ineffective dose of morphine. Morphine alone caused a dose-dependent raising of the escape threshold (1.0–16.0 mg/kg IP) while d-amphetamine alone (0.06–2.0 mg/kg IP) had no effect or caused a slight lowering of threshold. For each animal, a dose of morphine that produced no change in escape threshold was then selected to be administered concomitantly with various doses of d-amphetamine. The co-administration of morphine and d-amphetamine resulted in a significant, dose-dependent increase in the escape threshold, which was not seen with d-amphetamine alone and was as great or greater in magnitude than the increase seen with the highest dose of morphine tested. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that opiate analgesia is potentiated by concomitant d-amphetamine administration. The mechanisms involved in this potentiation warrant further investigation for the clinical management of pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00181233
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychoactive drugs in the immature organism (1970)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 17 (1970), S. 105-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drugs ; Children ; Immature Animals ; Behavior ; Physical Dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The findings reported in this review present a number of avenues of approach to the study of the effects of drugs on children. Many investigators have begun to classify the behavior of disturbed children on a number of sophisticated, but operationally simple procedures which allow some dissection of the behavior deficits. This type of approach can lead to a better understanding not only of the pathological condition but also to a better understanding of the way in which a drug works. An understanding of the manner in which amphetamines produce their therapeutic effect in the hyperkinetic child cannot be forthcoming from studies that only elaborate the pathological behavior. More attention must be paid to the function of the central and autonomic nervous systems and how these systems relate to the behavior of the child. Since many of the drugs that are useful in treating behavior problems in children have marked effects upon catecholamine levels in the brain, studies comparing urine catecholamine levels in various types of behavior disordered children after the administration of sympathomimetic amines might give specific direction to further research. Finally, I think that some attention should be directed toward animal models for understanding some of the behavior disorders. Studies such as those of Young (1963, 1964 and 1966), with some modification, could be directed toward giving us a more complete grasp of the aberrant behavior seen in the human child. Animal models can complement studies in humans and they have the further advantage of allowing a more complete biochemical and neuropharmacological study of behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402703
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chronic d-amphetamine on social behavior of the rat: Implications for an animal model of paranoid schizophrenia (1976)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 50 (1976), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Social behavior ; Aggression ; Schizophrenia ; Animal model of psychosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hooded rats in a social colony were given increasing daily doses of d-amphetamine up to 8 mg/kg. Time-lapse 16 mm cinematographically recorded behavior was analyzed for the following: grooming, feeding, sex, sleeping, resting, stereotypy, agonistic behavior, muricidal activity, and the location and movement of each rat. Subordinant rats receiving d-amphetamine actively withdrew from social interactions by retreating to strategically defensible locations in the environment. They remained hypervigilant of other rats and overreacted to their approaches by either fleeing or by defensively rearing and “boxing”. On the other hand, when the dominant rat received the maximum dose, it seemed totally oblivious to the other rats. The responses to drug treatment in subordinant rats may provide a model for the social behavior of frightened paranoid schizophrenics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426835
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative and positive intracranial reinforcement tresholds: Effects of morphine (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 38 (1974), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Narcotics ; Pain ; Analgesia ; Self-Stimulation ; Intracranial Reinforcement ; Threshold Determination ; Medial Forebrain Bundle ; Reticular Formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Negative (aversive) and positive (self-stimulation) intracranial reinforcement thresholds were determined in rats using a “double staircase” psychophysical procedure. Morphine raised aversive thresholds at all doses tested, while the drug lowered positive reinforcement thresholds at low or moderate doses. The results suggest the possible involvement of central motivational systems in the mediation of morphine-induced analgesia, the narcotic “high”, and narcotic addiction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421282
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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