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  • Electronic Resource  (3)
  • Cortical masticatory area  (2)
  • Aneurysm  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of intracranial aneurysms associated with moyamoya disease (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 138 (1996), S. 1287-1294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Aneurysm ; Moyamoya disease ; treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A retrospective analysis of 111 patients with aneurysms associated with Moyamoya disease is presented. The subjects comprised of our 12 cases and 99 other well-documented cases. These 111 cases had 131 aneurysms. There were 48 males and 63 females. The average age was 40.3 years. The clinical manifestations were intracranial haemorrhage in 99 cases (89%), and ischaemic events in 9 cases (8%), but no mention was made of these in the last three cases (2%). The Hunt and Kosnik grades were grade 1 in 8%, grade 2 in 23%, grade 3 in 31%, grade 4 in 35%, and grade 5 in 3%. Of the 131 aneurysms, 73 (56%) were found distributed around the circle of Willis, 24 (18%) in the basal ganglia, 29 (22%) on collateral vessels, and 5 (4%) on other vessels. Forty-six percent of the cases were treated surgically, 51% conservatively, and 3% by endovascular procedures. The surgical procedures for the aneurysms were; neck clipping in 49%, aneurysmectomy in 18%, wrapping of the aneurysm in 11%, coating or cautery of the aneurysm in 7%, and revascularization only in 11%. The outcomes were Glasgow Outcome Scale 1 in 30%, 2 in 22%, 3 in 11%, 4 in 1%, and 5 in 25%. The main reasons for the unfavourable outcome were initial poor clinical grade and rebleeding. Follow-up angiography of 25 aneurysms demonstrated that all aneurysms in the basal ganglia or on the collateral vessels disappeared. We recommend surgical intervention for aneurysms associated with Moyamoya disease to prevent rupture or rebleeding, especially for aneurysms around the circle of Willis. However, direct surgery is not recommended for aneurysms found in the basal ganglia or on the collateral vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411057
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modifications of masticatory behavior after trigeminal deafferentation in the rabbit (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 74 (1989), S. 579-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Rabbit ; Mastication ; Trigeminal nerve deafferentation ; Cortical masticatory area ; Thalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bilateral trigeminal deafferentation was performed in the rabbit in order to assess the role of orofacial inputs in regulation of the pattern of jaw movements during chewing. After bilateral combined section of the maxillary and inferior alveolar nerves, the animals did not eat food by themselves in the first postoperative week. However, they could chew and swallow when food was inserted into the mouth by an experimenter. The pattern of jaw movements and associated EMG activities of masticatory muscles during chewing were modulated remarkably by deafferentation. These modifications include 1) decrease in the horizontal excursions of the mandible at the power phase, 2) decrease in the maximum gape, 3) insufficient occlusion at the power phase (or increase in the minimum gape), 4) irregular patterns of jaw movements, 5) facilitation of the chewing rate, 6) increase in the number of chewing cycles in a masticatory sequence (the process from acceptance of food to swallowing), and 7) decrease in jaw-closing muscle activities. The findings indicate that deafferentation of the trigeminal sensory branches reduced masticatory force. On the other hand, no significant change was seen in the animals with disruption of cutaneous sensations of the face due to bilateral section of the infraorbital and mental nerves. Intraoral sensations rather than extraoral sensations may thus be important for regulation of masticatory force and jaw movements during chewing. Jaw movements during chewing were also analyzed in the animals with either bilateral ablation of the cortical masticatory area (CMA) or bilateral lesion of the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) of the thalamus in order to examine whether profound effects of trigeminal deafferentation are produced via the transcortical loop. The animals with lesion of either the CMA or VPM demonstrated disturbances in feeding behavior, including the dropping of ingested food from the mouth, elongation of a masticatory process, reduction in the chewing efficiency, etc. However, the pattern of jaw movements during chewing were essentially similar to that in the preoperative period. These results do not necessarily deny a contribution of the CMA to regulation of jaw movements but suggest that the transcortical feedback loop via the CMA and thalamic VPM nucleus would not primarily be responsible for pattern formation of jaw movements during chewing in the rabbit. Probably, the sensory feedback via the transcortical loop may indirectly facilitate activities of the brain stem CPG, which facilitates the chewing rhythm or enables masticatory sequences to be conducted smoothly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247360
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory components facilitating jaw-closing muscle activities in the rabbit (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 76 (1989), S. 424-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Jaw movement ; Masticatory muscle ; Periodontal receptor ; Muscle receptor ; Trigeminal nerve ; Cortical masticatory area
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of oral and facial sensory receptors in the control of masticatory muscle activities was assessed from the effect of acute deafferentiation on cortically induced rhythmic jaw movements (CRJMs) in anesthetized rabbits. When a thin polyurethane-foam strip (1.5, 2.5 or 3.5 mm thick) was placed between opposing molars during CRJMs, masseteric activities were facilitated in association with an increase in the medial excursion of the mandible during the power phase. The effects varied with the pattern of CRJMs, and the rate of facilitation was greater for small circular movements than for the crescent-shaped movements. Furthermore, the response of the masseter muscle was greater in the anterior half of the muscle, where muscle spindles are most dense, than in its posterior half. It was also demonstrated that the response increased with an increase in the thickness of the test strip. In contrast, the activities of the jaw-opening muscle were not affected significantly. The duration of masseteric bursts increased during application of the test strip and the chewing rhythm tended to slow down. However, the latter effect was not significant. After locally anesthetizing the maxillary and inferior alveolar nerves, the facultative responses of the masseter muscle to the test strip was greatly reduced but not completely abolished. Lesioning of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Mes V) where the primary ganglion cells of muscle spindle afferents from jaw-closing muscles and some periodontal afferents are located, also reduced the facilitative effects. Similar results were obtained in the animals with the kainic acid injections into the Mes V 1 week before electrical lesioning of this nucleus. In these animals the effects of electrical lesioning of the Mes V could be attributed to the loss of muscle receptor afferents since the neurons in the vicinity of the Mes V were destroyed and replaced by glial cells, whereas the Mes V neurons are resistant to kainic acid. When electrical lesioning of the Mes V and sectioning of the maxillary and inferior alveolar nerves were combined in animals with a kainic acid injection into the Mes V, the response of the masseter muscle to application of the strip was almost completely abolished. From these findings, we conclude that both periodontal receptors and muscle spindles are primarily responsible for the facilitation of jaw-closing muscle activities. Furthermore, it is suggested that the transcortical loop may not be the only path producing this facilitation since similar effects were induced in animals with ablation of the cortical masticatory area (CMA), when the test strip was placed between the molars during rhythmic jaw movements induced by pyramidal tract stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00247900
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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