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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actions of afferent impulses from muscle receptors on cerebellar purkyně cells I. Responses to muscle vibration (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 15 (1972), S. 177-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Purkyně cell ; Muscle afferent fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Investigations were made in the decerebrate cat of the effect of muscle vibration on the activity of 342 Purkyně cells in the ipsilateral anterior lobe of the cerebellum. The effects were studied for three different muscle groups: in the hindlimb, the anterior tibial group (extensor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, brevis and tertius, and tibialis anterior) and gastrocnemius-soleus; and in the forelimb, the extensor digitorum lateralis and communis muscles. The responses of Purkyně cells were mediated by both the mossy fibre and climbing fibre inputs. The mossy fibre induced responses were generally inhibitory and had latencies only a few msec longer than responses evoked by stimulation of the nerve supplying the muscle. In contrast, the latencies of responses mediated by the climbing fibres were long and variable. Nine cells out of 342 Purkyně cells showed weak response to vibration of less than 60 μ amplitude, as compared to approximately 40% of those which responded to vibration of above 60 μ up to 200 μ amplitude, indicating the preponderant action of Group II afferents on the Purkyně cells in contrast to far less influence from Group Ia afferents. There was no obvious difference in threshold of vibration amplitude regarding the response mediated by the climbing or mossy fibres. Purkyně cell responses mediated by both mossy and climbing fibre inputs displayed temporal summation in response to muscle vibration, although no tonic effects were observed in response to maintained periods (1–5 sec) of vibration. Purkyně cell responses evoked by the mossy fibre input were unable to follow the individual cycles of vibration at frequencies above approximately 50 cps. Those evoked by the climbing fibres could follow at frequencies of less than 10 cps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235581
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of interpositus neurones to inputs from muscle receptors (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 21 (1974), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellar inputs ; Muscle receptor modalitites ; Interpositus nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Responses of interpositus neurones to adequate stimulation of gastrocnemius-soleus muscle receptors and to electrical stimulation of various muscle nerves were investigated in the decerebrate, unanaesthetized cats. 2. Brief muscle pulls of graded amplitude, supplemented by graded stimulation of nerves was used for differentiation of the modality of muscle receptors evoking responses of interpositus neurones. 3. In only 4 out of 75 of these neurones was an excitatory or inhibitory action observed for group Ia inputs. 4. In 4 out of 25 cells tested for the response to isometric contraction of the muscle, response augmentation was observed when the pull was superimposed on the rising phase of the contraction. It is assumed that the effect is due to the action of group Ib input from the muscle. 5. By contrast to this poor performance of group Ia and Ib muscle afferents, group II afferents had excitatory or inhibitory actions on most interpositus neurones (in 46 out of 62 cells). 6. From the latency distribution of the response it was concluded that the main source of excitatory inputs is not the direct spino-cerebellar tracts but indirect pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237900
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological studies on cerebello-cerebral projections in the cat (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1972), S. 75-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Thalamus ; Cerebral Cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Cerebello-cerebral projections were electrophysiologically investigated in cats under light Nembutal anaesthesia. Marked responses were produced by stimulation of the interpositus and the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum not only in the pericruciate but also in the suprasylvian cortical areas, both areas being contralateral to the cerebellar nuclei stimulated. Medial nucleus stimulation set up little or no response in the cerebral cortex. 2. The previous electrophysiological study on thalamo-cortical (T-C) projections showed two different kinds of responses in the cortex due presumably to two different T-C projection systems, i. e., deep and superficial T-C responses (see Sasaki et al., 1970). According to laminar field potential analysis, the response in the pericruciate area is characterized by a deep T-C response which is often followed by a superficial T-C response, whereas the response in the parietal cortex consists of a pure superficial T-C response. Intracellular potential changes in cortical neurones elicited by cerebellar nucleus stimulation were consistent with the results of laminar field potential analysis. 3. Comparison between laminar field potentials in the same cortex produced by thalamic and cerebellar nucleus stimulation suggests that the response in the pericruciate cortex is mediated by the ventral lateral nucleus and that the response in the parietal cortex is relayed by the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233375
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological studies on the cerebellocerebral projections in monkeys (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 24 (1976), S. 495-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellocerebral projection ; Monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Responses evoked by stimulation of the cerebellar and thalamic nuclei were recorded by microelectrodes introduced at various depths in the cerebral cortex of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) under light Nembutal anaesthesia. 2. Stimulation of the medial (fastigial) cerebellar nucleus produced, at a latency of 4–5 msec, deep thalamo-cortical (T-C) responses (surface positivedeep negative potentials) mainly in the medial part of the precentral gyrus (area 4, “motor area for hindlimb”) and in the superior parietal gyrus (area 5) on both contralateral and ipsilateral sides to the nucleus stimulated. 3. Stimulation of the lateral (dentate) cerebellar nucleus elicited, at a latency of about 3 msec, superficial T-C responses (surface negative-deep positive potentials) predominantly in the lateral part of the precentral gyrus (area 4, “motor area for forelimb and face”) and in the rostromedial part of the gyrus (area 6, premotor area) on the contralateral side. 4. Stimulation of the interpositus cerebellar nucleus set up superficial T-C responses chiefly in the motor area between those influenced by the medial and the lateral cerebellar nucleus stimulation and also in the premotor area on the contralateral side. 5. The respective areas responsive to the medial, interpositus and lateral nucleus stimulation overlapped considerably each other in the motor cortex. 6. Comparison of the responses in the cortex induced by stimulation of the cerebellar and thalamic nuclei indicated different relay portions in and around the VA-VL region of the thalamus for the superficial and the deep T-C responses respectively. 7. Functional implications of the results were discussed in referring to the cerebellocerebral projections in cats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234966
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological evidence for axonal sprouting of cerebellothalamic neurons in kittens after neonatal hemicerebellectomy (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 35 (1979), S. 511-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neonatal hemicerebellectomy ; Cerebellothalamic neurons ; Axonal sprouting ; Kittens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in cerebellothalamic projections in kittens after neonatal hemicerebellectomy were studied by the retrograde and anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-tract-tracing methods. The number of cerebellar nuclear neurons labeled retrogradely with HRP injected into the ipsilateral VA-VL complex of the thalamus was much more numerous in neonatally hemicerebellectomized kittens than in intact kittens. Presumed terminals of ipsilateral cerebellothalamic fibers labeled anterogradely with HRP injected into the cerebellar nuclei were also distributed more densely and extensively in the thalamic areas, especially in the VA-VL complex, of hemicerebellectomized kittens than in the thalamic areas of the control kittens. These results are in good accordance with those obtained from the previous electrophysiological study (Kawaguchi et al., 1979) and offer corroborating evidence for axonal sprouting of cerebellothalamic neurons after neonatal hemicerebellectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236768
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the cerebello-thalamo-cerebral pathway for the parietal cortex (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1972), S. 89-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Thalamus ; Parietal Cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The cerebello-thalamo-cerebral projection system mediating the cerebellar-induced “superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) response” (the basic type of the so-called recruiting response) to the anterior part of the middle suprasylvian gyrus was investigated electrophysiologically. Responses of thalamic neurones to stimulation of the cerebral cortex and the cerebellar nucleus (medial, interpositus and lateral) were recorded by microelectrodes. 2. In the anterior portions of the ventral thalamic nuclear complex, presumably in and/or around the ventral anterior (VA) nucleus, there were found neurones responding antidromically to stimulation of the suprasylvian cortex and orthodromically to that of the interpositus and the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum. They were called P neurones. The neurones responding antidromically to stimulation of the anterior sigmoid cortex and orthodromically to that of the cerebellar nuclei located mostly caudo ventrolateral to the place of P neurones, presumably in and/or around the ventral lateral (VL) nucleus. These were called F neurones. 3. The cerebellar excitation of P neurones was estimated on its latency to be monosynaptic and was usually followed by an inhibition lasting for more than 100 msec. Large unitary EPSPs were sometimes noted in P neurones on cerebellar stimulation as well as spontaneously. It was concluded that P neurones constitute the direct T-C projection system mediating the superficial T-C response (e. g., recruiting response) to the parietal cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233376
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actions of afferent impulses from muscle receptors on cerebellar Purkyně cells. II. Responses to muscle contraction: Effects mediated via the climbing fiber pathway (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1972), S. 104-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Purkyně cell ; Climbing fibers ; Muscle afferent fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of isometric contraction of the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle group was investigated on the responses of 79 cerebellar Purkyně cells (P-cells) in the decerebrate cat. Forty three percent of the P-cells tested were responsive to contraction via a pathway that acted by way of climbing fibres. The latency of these responses was long (mean 60 msec following ventral root stimulation) and variable. It was concluded that the responses were attributable to Group Ib afferent input. An excitatory action of the contraction on spindle afferent fibres was excluded because the responses were: a) evoked by submaximal contractions produced by weak single shock stimulation of the ventral root; b) negligible following isotonic contractions; and, c) augmented when a stretch was superimposed on the rising phase of the twitch. The effects of both muscle contraction and muscle vibration were studied for many of the P-cells in order to investigate the convergence from afferents of both spindle and tendon organ origin. Few P-cells had evidence of a convergent input from Group Ia, II, and Ib fibres. In contrast convergence from Group II and Group Ib input was quite common. With some cells, there appeared to be an input from only Group Ib or Group II fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233377
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological evidence for axonal sprouting of cerebellothalamic neurons in kittens after neonatal hemicerebellectomy (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 36 (1979), S. 21-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hemicerebellectomy ; Cerebellothalamic neurons ; Axonal sprouting ; Neonatal kitten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in cerebello-cerebral responses after hemicerebellectomy were investigated in 19 kittens by laminar field potential analysis in the cerebral cortex. In all of 11 kittens operated on before 11 days of age and kept for more than 16 days after surgery, marked cerebello-cerebral responses were evoked not only contralaterally as in intact animals but also ipsilaterally. In none of 16 intact kittens ranging in age from 2 to 14 days was there a detectable response in the cerebral cortex to stimulation of the ipsilateral cerebellar nucleus. Pathways responsible for the ipsilateral cerebello-cerebral responses were investigated by destruction of the thalamic VL nucleus and by unitary recordings from cerebellar nuclear neurons with antidromic activation on stimulation of the thalamus. From the latter investigation, a remarkable increase in the number of neurons with bilateral projections upon the thalamus was seen in the surgically treated kittens. Stimulation of the VL thalamic nucleus contralateral to the remaining hemicerebellum induced a marked response in the frontal cortex not only ipsilaterally as in intact animals but also contralaterally. The latter response was considered to be mediated by an axon reflex of the bilateral projection neurons. Destruction of that VL nucleus abolished the contralateral cerebello-cerebral response whereas the ipsilateral cerebello-cerebral response remained unchanged. It is concluded, that in kittens, hemicerebellectomized in the early postnatal period, nuclear neurons in the remaining cerebellum sprout axon collaterals growing into the thalamus ipsilateral to the spared hemicerebellum and that these sprouting axon collaterals make synapses on the thalamic neurons projecting upon the cerebral cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mossy fibre and climbing fibre responses produced in the cerebellar cortex by stimulation of the cerebral cortex in monkeys (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 419-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebro-cerebellar projection ; Monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Responses in the cerebellar cortex induced by stimulation of several areas of the cerebral cortex were recorded and identified electro-physiologically to be due to mossy fibre and climbing fibre volleys, and their distributions were explored in the anterior and the posterior lobes of the cerebellum in monkeys. Early mossy and late climbing fibre responses at latencies of 4–5 and 15–18 msec respectively were recorded in certain areas of the cerebellar cortex. They were usually predominant on the contralateral side to the stimulation. 2. Stimulation of the lateral part of the motor cortex (forelimb and face area) evoked mossy and climbing fibre responses mainly in the ansoparamedian lobules and in the caudal part of the anterior lobe (including lobulus simplex) of the cerebellar cortex, stimulation of the medial part of the motor cortex (hindlimb area) provoked the responses predominantly in the rostral part of the anterior lobe, and that of the intermediate part (areas for trunk and proximal parts of the extremities) induced the responses preponderantly in the middle part of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. 3. Stimulation of the parietal association cortex (area 5) elicited mossy and climbing fibre responses chiefly in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum. The premotor cortex innervates wide areas of the anterior and posterior lobes on both contralateral and ipsilateral sides. The frontal association cortex showed the projections on even wider areas of the cerebellar cortex, although the responses were relatively small in size. 4. The results were compared with those obtained in cats and considered in referring to the cerebro-cerebellar loops in monkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236180
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postnatal development of the geniculocortical projection in the cat: Electrophysiological and morphological studies (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 51 (1983), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Postnatal development ; Geniculocortical projection ; Laminar field potential ; HRP ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using laminar field potential analysis, we examined responses elicited by both photic and optic nerve stimulations in 30 kittens of 0–65 days of age and in three adult cats. In adult cats, the response in the visual cortex on optic nerve stimulation is a wave complex which consists mainly of surface positive-depth negative (sP-dN) potentials. By contrast, the response in neonates consists of two surface negative — depth positive (sN-dP) waves. In 2 weeks, preceding the sN-dP waves, an sP-dN wave appears. As age increases, the sP-dN wave becomes of higher voltage and the sN-dP waves become of lower voltage. Thus, the configuration of the response resembles that of adult cats in 3–4 weeks. Both photic and optic nerve stimulations elicit responses of the same configuration in the same area. The extent of the responsive area is exactly the same at any age as in adult cats. Using the orthograde HRP method, we examined terminals of the geniculocortical afferent in 23 kittens of 0–43 days of age. The density of labeled terminals in layer I is much higher in kittens before 1 week of age (n = 8) than in kittens after 1 month of age (n = 5), whereas the density of labeled terminals in layer IV is higher in the older kittens than in the younger kittens. These electrophysiological and morphological changes are correlated in reference to the maturation of the neuronal circuit in the visual cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236803
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