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  • Electronic Resource  (18)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (9)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (5)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (2)
  • Liesegang rings  (2)
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  • Electronic Resource  (18)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological instabilities in pattern formation by precipitation and crystallization processes (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 85 (1996), S. 19-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Anastomoses ; Crystal zoning ; Snow bands ; Liesegang rings ; Ostwald ripening ; Self organization ; Siderite ; Supersaturation theory ; Zebra rock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Morphological instabilities in periodic patterns occurring both in precipitation and crystallization processes (Liesegang rings and crystal zoning) are investigated and compared with similar patterns in geological samples (zebra rocks and mud bands in snow sediments). In classical Liesegang systems, undisturbed parallel or concentric precipitation bands are emanated from even or concentric diffusion sources in homogeneous diffusion matrices of gelatine or other gels. In the case of superposing diffusion sources, sources with undulatory curvatures or local diffusion barriers there may occur several types of instabilities within the sequence of regular patterns: (a) gaps within the bands forming radial alleys free of precipitate, (b) transition from broken bands to speckled patterns and (c) apparent branching of bands linked together by so-called anastomoses. Calculations with a competitive particle growth (CPG) model show that lateral instabilities in Liesegang bands (gaps and radial alleys of gaps) are the result of Ostwald ripening effects taking place after precipitation. Apparent branching of bands or formation of anastomoses can be simulated with a prenucleation model according to Ostwald's supersaturation theory. Similar irregularities can be observed in zebra rocks (e.g. banded siderite) whose bandings are commonly explained by sequential sedimentation processes. A very different mechanism is assumed to be responsible for the origin of mud bands in snow sediments. An initially homogeneous distribution of intrinsic mud in snow sediments can be arranged into parallel bands according to a crystal zoning mechanism which is based on repeated thawing and freezing of the snow sediment due to the daily alternation of sun and darkness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192056
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics of the α-helical epitope of a novel synthetic lipopeptide foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine (1989)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 28 (1989), S. 499-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A novel synthetic foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) peptide vaccine consisting of a synthetic B-cell and macrophage activator covalently linked to an amphiphilic α-helical T-cell epitope was developed. The low molecular weight vaccine of 3400 daltons is composed of virus VP1 antigenic determinant and the immunologically active lipotripeptide tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteinyl-seryl-serine (P3CSS) as built-in adjuvant. The vaccine, tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteinyl-seryl-seryl-FMDV-VP1 (VP1 = serotype O1K 135-154) induces protection against homologous challenge and serotype-specific virus neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs after single administration without further adjuvants or carriers. A P3CSS conjugate with the FMDV-VP1 segment 135-154 of strain O Wuppertal produced only poor cross-protection against challenge with O1K virus.The antigenic determinant VP1(135-154) is an amphiphilic α-helix, as shown by CD. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) carried out using the highly homologous α-helical alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) segment H3 as starting conformation for VP1(138-149) suggest that the FMDV segment 138-149 may adopt α-helical conformation during binding to its T-cell receptor, and that the development of the system during MDS may be considered as the dissociation step of the complex.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360280144
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of composites of kevlar-nomex copolymer and boehmite (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 248 (1997), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein neuartiges organisch-anorganisches Hybridmaterial wurde durch den Einbau des Minerals Böhmit mittels eines Sol-Gel-Prozesses in ein Kevlar-Nomex-Copolymeres hergestellt. Durch Reaktion eines Gemisches aus m- und p-Phenylendiamin mit Terephthaloylchlorid und anschließender Umsetzung mit Aminophenyltrimethoxysilan wurden Poly(phenylenterephthalamid)-Ketten mit Aminophenyltri-methoxysilan-Endgruppen synthetisiert. In dieser Polymermatrix wurde die Hydrolyse der Alkoxygruppen einer Lösung von Aluminium-sec-butanolat in Butanol durchgeführt. Dadurch wurde ein chemisch an die Aramid-Ketten gebundenes anorganisches Netzwerk aufgebaut. Aus den hergestellten Hybridmaterialien mit unterschiedlichen Böhmit-Gehalten in der Aramidmatrix wurden Filme gegossen. Die Filme aus Hybridmaterial mit bis zu 15 Gew.-% Böhmit waren transparent gelb, während bei 20 und mehr Gew.-% Böhmit opake Filme erhalten wurden. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften dieser Filme wurden untersucht. Zugfestigkeit, Zugmodul, Härte und maximale Bruchdehnung nahmen mit steigendem Böhmitgehalt zunächst zu, vemngerten sich jedoch bei weiterer Erhöhung des Mineralanteils wieder. Der Zugmodul des Hybridmaterials bei 25°C lag zwischen 3,0 und 4,5 GPa. Die Materialien hielten einer maximalen Zugspannung von 252 MPa stand und zeigten Zersetzungstemperaturen von etwa 450°C. Die rnit DMTA ermittelten Werte für den Speichemodul lagen im Bereich 7,6-18,9 GPa. Das tan δ-Signal verbreiterte sich mit zunehmendem Böhmitanteil und ging bei hohen Böhmitgehalten in eine Schulter über. Die Signalpositionen des Verlustfaktors wurden infolge der zunehmenden sterischen Einschränkung der Segmentbewegungen rnit steigendem anorganischen Anteil zu höheren Temperaturen verschoben.
    Notes: A new organic-inorganic hybrid material was prepared by incorporating boehmite into a Kevlar-Nomex copolymer via a sol-gel process. Poly(phenylene-terephthalamide) chains having aminophenyltrimethoxysilane end groups were prepared by reacting a mixture of m-and p-phenylenediamine with terephthaloyl chloride, followed by end-capping with aminophenyltrimethoxysilane. The hydrolysis of the alkoxy groups of an aluminium sec-butoxide solution in butanol was carried out in the polymer matrix, thus creating an inorganic network structure combined chemically with the aramid chains. Hybrid materials containing different proportions of boehmite in aramid were thus produced and films were cast by solvent evaporation technique. These films with up to 15 wt.-% of boehmite were yellow and transparent, whereas the films with 20 wt.-% or more contents of boehmite were opaque. Mechanical properties of these films were analyzed. The values of tensile strength, initial modulus, toughness and maximum strain at rupture were initially found to increase and then decrease with further addition of boehmite. The tensile modulus of the hybrid material was found to be in the range of 3.0-4.5 GPa at 25°C. These ceramers were found to withstand maximum tensile stress of the order of 252 MPa, and the thermal decomposition temperature was around 450°C. The storage modulus as measured using DMTA was in the range of 7.6-18.9 GPa. The tan δ peak which in general became broader with increasing boehmite content showed a shoulder for composites containing large amounts of boehmite. The position of the peaks shifted towards high temperature with the increase in the inorganic contents showing hindrance in motion with increasing boehmite contents.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1997.052480109
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological instabilities in pattern formation by precipitation and crystallization processes (1996)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 85 (1996), S. 19-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Anastomoses ; Crystal zoning ; Snow bands ; Liesegang rings ; Ostwald ripening ; Self organization ; Siderite ; Supersaturation theory ; Zebra rock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Morphological instabilities in periodic patterns occurring both in precipitation and crystallization processes (Liesegang rings and crystal zoning) are investigated and compared with similar patterns in geological samples (zebra rocks and mud bands in snow sediments). In classical Liesegang systems, undisturbed parallel or concentric precipitation bands are emanated from even or concentric diffusion sources in homogeneous diffusion matrices of gelatine or other gels. In the case of superposing diffusion sources, sources with undulatory curvatures or local diffusion barriers there may occur several types of instabilities within the sequence of regular patterns: (a) gaps within the bands forming radial alleys free of precipitate, (b) transition from broken bands to speckled patterns and (c) apparent branching of bands linked together by so-called anastomoses. Calculations with a competitive particle growth (CPG) model show that lateral instabilities in Liesegang bands (gaps and radial alleys of gaps) are the result of Ostwald ripening effects taking place after precipitation. Apparent branching of bands or formation of anastomoses can be simulated with a prenucleation model according to Ostwald's supersaturation theory. Similar irregularities can be observed in zebra rocks (e.g. banded siderite) whose bandings are commonly explained by sequential sedimentation processes. A very different mechanism is assumed to be responsible for the origin of mud bands in snow sediments. An initially homogeneous distribution of intrinsic mud in snow sediments can be arranged into parallel bands according to a crystal zoning mechanism which is based on repeated thawing and freezing of the snow sediment due to the daily alternation of sun and darkness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192056
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Filament formation and ethanol production by Zymomonas mobilis in adsorbed cell bioreactors (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 626-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zymomonas mobilis immobilized on microporous ion exchange resins has previously been shown to allow the attainment of high ethanol productivities in packed-bed bioreactors. The formation of bacterial filaments after several days of continuous operation, however, had resulted in excessive pressure increases across the reactor bed. The present work examines techniques for controlling filament formation by Z. mobilis in two reactor sizes (161 mL and 7.85 L) and a feed glucose concentration of 100 g/L. By controlling the fermentation temperature at 20-25°C it has been possible to eliminate filament formation by Z. mobilis and to operate the larger bioreactor for 232 h with an ethanol productivity of 50 g/L h (based on total reactor volume). The rate of ethanol production has been shown to be very sensitive to temperature in the range 20-30°C, and it is likely that slightly higher temperatures than those used in this study will improve ethanol productivity while still permitting long-term operation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270512
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The columnar growth angle in obliquely evaporated Thin filmsHerrn Professor Karl Heinz Kloos aus Anlaß seines 65. Geburtstages zugeeignet (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 22-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Orientierung der Säulen in der Mikrostruktur schräg aufgedampfter dünner SchichtenSchräg aufgedampfte dünne Schichten entwickeln gewöhnlich eine Mikrostruktur aus Sälen, deren Wachstumswinkel relativ zur Substratnormalen, β, nicht mit dem Einfallswinkel α übereinstimmt. Hier wird gezeigt, daß der funktionale Zusammenhang β(α) durch die Gleichung tan β=tan α + ρ-1(dρ/δα) in universeller Weise mit der Winkelabhängigkeit der Schichtdichte ρ verknüpft ist. Ein Vergleich mit numerischen Daten aus Simulationen der ballistischen Abscheidung von Scheiben und Kugeln bestätigt die Theorie.
    Notes: Vapor-deposited thin films grown under conditions of oblique incidence commonly develop a microstructure of columns, inclined at an angle β relative to the substrate normal, which differs from the angle of incidence α. Here it is shown that the functional relation β(α) is universally linked to the dependence of the film density ρ on the angle of incidence, through the equation tan β=tan α + ρ-1(dρ/dα). The theory is supported by an analysis of published numerical data obtained from simulations of ballistic deposition of disks and spheres.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19950260107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lokaler Korrosionsangriff unter Wasserstoffblasen, die an der Oberfläche von Zink haften (1971)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 22 (1971), S. 309-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pitting corrosion under hydrogen bubbles, adherent to the surface of zincInvestigation zinc alloys in acid solutions, it could be determined that under hydrogen bubbles which has adhered on the surface, annuker pitting corrosion took place. The types of corrosion attack were examined under a microscope during and after the corrosion test and in some cases under scanning electron microscope. The formation of the annular pittings can be interpreted as an impoverishment of hydrogen ions in the boundary layer between the hydrogen bubble and the surface of the specimen.
    Notes: Bei Korrosionsuntersuchungen an Zinklegierungen im sauren Korrosionsmedium konnte festgestellt werden, daß an Stellen anhaftender Wasserstoffblasen auf der Probenoberfläche ringförmiger Lochfraß entsteht. Diese Korrosionserscheinungen wurden während und nach dem Korrosionsversuch mit dem Lichtmikroskop und dem Rasterelektronenmikroskop untersucht. Das Entstehen dieser ringförmigen Lochfraßnarben kann durch die Verarmung von Wasserstoffionen in der Grenzschicht zwischen Wasserstoffblase und Probenoberfläche erklärt werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19710220407
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenesis of precursor subpopulations of chicken limb mesenchyme in three dimensional collagen gel culture (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 226 (1990), S. 91-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although homogeneous in appearance, several lines of evidence suggest early (stage 17 - 19) limb mesenchymal cells are committed to particular cell lineages, e.g., myogenic or chondrogenic. However, subsequent expression of cell or tissue phenotype in the developing limb does not occur in a randomized process but rather in a spatially specific pattern. The potential regulatory mechanisms controlling the “patterned” expression of tissue phenotype in the limb have not been resolved. The purpose of this study was to determine if, prior to the formation of an apical ectodermal ridge, nondissociated limb mesenchyme has inherent morphogenetic potential to form nonrandomized patterns of tissue organization. The hypotheses to be tested were that, if provided a spatially permissive culture environment, (1) mesenchymal cells committed to a particular lineage would segregate into precursor (sub)populations prior to overt expression of phenotype and (2) the ultimate expression of a tissue phenotype may be regulated, in part, by histogenic interactions between the precursor cell groups. For these studies, mesoblasts (intact mesenchyme minus ectoderm) from stage 17 - 19 hindlimb buds were explanted intact to the surface of a 1 - 3 mm thick hydrated lattice of repolymerized type I collagen and incubated for 2 - 11 days. Examination of cultures at variable intervals revealed three distinct temporal sequences (periods) which were arbitrarily termed early morphogenesis (0 - 3 days), cytodifferentiation (3 - 5.5 days), and primitive tissue formation (5.5 - 11 days) based on similarities to in situ limb development. By the end of the first period, the mesenchymal cells had sorted into three distinct precursor populations: (1) an epithelial-like outgrowth of premyogenic and prefibrogenic cells at the surface of the gel lattice (termed the “surface subset”) which circumscribed, (2) a centrally positioned prechondrogenic condensate (“central subset”), and overlaid (3) a dispersed, population of free cells that invaded the collagen lattice (“seeded subset”). Subsequent cytodifferentiation led to the appearance of multinucleated myotubes within the surface subset and chondrification of the central subset. Cells of the seeded subset remained dispersed within the collagen lattice. Primitive histogenic events were initiated during the final period of development including (1) at sites where surface cells established boundaries with the central subset, collectives or “bundles” of variable sized myotubes were formed which became partially ensheathed by the attenuated processes of fibroblastlike cells; and (2) a secondary site of chondrogenic activity was initiated within the gel lattice at the boundary between the central and seeded cell populations. Transformation of seeded fibroblasts into chondroblasts accompanied expansion of the secondary chondrogenic element within the gel lattice. Remaining cells of the seeded population which did not become incorporated (transformed) into the secondary site of chondrogenesis persisted as a dense stratified network of fibrous connective tissue. Removing the central subset after 2 days of culture inhibited the transformation of seeded fibroblasts into chondrogenic cells.These findings indicate that intact limb mesenchyme prior to the formation of a mature apical ridge and in the absence of dorsal/ventral ectoderm has the endogenous potential to segregate, cytodifferentiate, and interact to intiate tissue formation similar to that seen in the intact limb.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092260111
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple glycoproteins localize to a particulate form of extracellular matrix in regions of the embryonic heart where endothelial cells transform into mesenchyme (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 232 (1992), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cells derived from an epithelial-mesenchymal transformation within the atrioventricular canal and outflow tract are involved in the partitioning of the early embryonic heart into a four-chambered organ. This transformation process has been shown to proceed from an inductive interaction between the myocardium and competent, target endothelial cells within these regions of the heart. Interestingly, immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of fibronectinpositive particulates within the matrix of mesenchyme-forming regions (Mjaatvedt et al., 1987). This particulate matrix is extractable by EDTA and can elicit the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in culture (Mjaatvedt and Markwald, 1989). Analysis of EDTA extracts of embryonic heart tissue revealed the presence of fibronectin and about 40 unidentified proteins, 6 of which appeared to be enriched in the biologically active 100,000g pellet fraction (Mjaatvedt and Markwald, 1989). Based on these and other data we have proposed that the particulate matrix is composed of a multicomponent complex of fibronectin and one or more of the low-molecular-weight proteins in this pellet. The purpose of the present study was to begin a biochemical characterization of the nonfibronectin proteins thought to be present in the matrix particulates. Given that many matrix constituents are glycoproteins, lectins were used to initially characterize the particulate constituents. Of the lectins tested, soybean agglutinin (SBA) was found to be specific only for matrix particulates. Histochemical analyses showed that SBA and antibodies against fibronectin colocalized regionally and temporally to the same matrix particulates in embryonic heart tissue. SBA-agarose affinity chromatography resulted in the isolation of two major (56 and 69 kDa) and six minor (28, 46, 50, 53, 126, 220 kDa) proteins from EDTA extractable heart matrix. Temporal lectin histochemical studies indicate that SBA-positive particulates are present in the matrix prior to mesenchyme formation, but are absent shortly after the transformation event. These observations support our hypothesis that one or more of these SBA-positive glycoproteins participate in the endothelial-mesenchymal transformation of cardiac endothelium.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092320213
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of transferrin as one of multiple EDTA-extractable extracellular proteins involved in early chick heart morphogenesis (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 54 (1994), S. 207-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: EDTA soluble proteins ; chick embryo ; purification ; epithelial-mesenchymal interactions ; transferrin ; conalbumin ; extracellular matrix ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: It was demonstrated previously that a polyclonal antibody (ES1) raised against EDTA extractable proteins from embryonic chicken heart blocks cardiac endothelial-mesenchymal transformation in a culture bioassay and stains extracellular matrix at sites of embryonic inductive interactions, e.g., developing heart, limb buds, and neural crest forming region (Krug et al., 1987, Dev Biol 120:348-355; Mjaatvedt et al., 1991, Dev Biol 145:219-230). In the present study, by using an antiserum (ES3) to a similar immunogen, we affinity purified four major EDTA-soluble proteins. These proteins migrated as 27, 44, 63, and 70 kD molecules under reduced conditions and 27, 41, 52, and 59 kD under nonreduced conditions, respectively, on SDS-PAGE. Based on several criteria, the protein migrating at 70/59 kD (reduced/nonreduced) was indistinguishable from chicken transferrin (conalbumin): (1) amino acid sequencing showed that eight N-terminal residues were identical to those of chicken transferrin, (2) acid hydrolysates of both proteins had nearly identical compositions, (3) the protein co-migrated exactly with chicken transferrin under both reduced and nonreduced conditions, and (4) ES3 IgG recognized both the 70/59 kD protein and chicken transferrin by western blot analysis of nonreduced samples, but not with reduced samples. Immunohistochemistry of chicken embryonic heart with antibodies against transferrin demonstrated that anti-transferrin immunoreactivity is present in myocardium but absent in cardiac endothelium before the initiation of cardiac endothelial-mesenchymal formation. However, both cardiac endothelium and migrating mesenchymal cells became immunoreactive with anti-transferrin at the time transformation occurred. These findings suggest a possible involvement of transferrin in the inductive process of cardiac endothelial-mesenchymal transformation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240540209
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