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  • Electronic Resource  (22)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (16)
  • Bradyrhizobium  (2)
  • Cartilage  (2)
  • Gastric acid secretion  (2)
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  • Electronic Resource  (22)
Keywords
  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; communication ; competitiveness ; Rhizobium ; vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After a short summary on the ecology and rhizosphere biology of symbiotic bacteria and vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza fungi and their application as microbial inocula, results on competitiveness and communication are summarized. Stress factors such as high temperature, low soil pH, aluminium concentrations and phytoalexins produced by the host plants were studied withRhizobium leguminosarum bv.phaseoli andRhizobium tropici onPhaseolus beans. Quantitative data for competitiveness were obtained by usinggus + (glucoronidase) labelled strains, which produce blue-coloured nodules. ForPhaseolus-nodulating rhizobia, a group specific DNA probe was also developed, which did not hybridize with more than 20 other common soil and rhizosphere bacteria. Results from several laboratories contributing to knowledge of signal exchange and communication in theRhizobium/Bradyrhizobium legume system are summarized in a new scheme, including also defense reactions at the early stages of legume nodule initiation. Stimulating effects of flavonoids on germination and growth of VA mycorrhiza fungi were also found. A constitutive antifungal compound in pea roots, β-isoxazolinonyl-alanine, was characterized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 178 (1981), S. 151-154 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Gastric acid secretion ; H2-receptor antagonists ; Pentagastrin ; Ranitidine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antisecretory effects of a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, ranitidine hydrochloride, have been investigated on basal and pentagastrinstimulated acid secretion in healthy volunteers 5 and 10 h after oral administration of 150 mg. In addition, the 24-h intragastric pH-profiles have been measured in patients undergoing parenteral nutrition after three doses of 150 mg ranitidine per day. A 40% inhibition of basal acid output has been noted even 10 h after drug intake. The intragastric pH-values were raised above 5 for at least 24h. The new H2-antagonist ranitidine has been proven to be a potent and longacting antisecretory compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Relapsing polychondritis ; Autoantibody ; Collagen ; Cartilage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Relapsing polychondritis is a systemic disease associated with a destruction of cartilage in various parts of the body. Sera from six patients with relapsing polychondritis and one patient with microscopic polyarteritis nodosa as well as from six controls were analyzed by immunoblotting and ELISA. All patients had autoantibodies against native collagens II and IX. The serum from one patient showed a strong reaction with all three collagen chains of the high molecular weight fraction of collagen IX after denaturation; sera from four patients showed autoantibodies against α2 (XI) and sera from three patients showed autoantibodies against the covalently cross-linked γ component of collagen XI. The presence of autoantibodies against collagens II, IX, and XI, which form the major fibrillar scaffold in cartilage and mediate the interaction of collagen fibrils and proteoglycan, suggests that autoantibodies against cartilaginous collagen may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of relapsing polychondritis and microscopic polyarteritis nodosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 381-389 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vigilin ; Cartilage ; Bone ; Differentiation ; In-situ hybridization ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression of vigilin was followed during chick embryonal development by in situ hybridization. Vigilin mRNA is abundantly expressed in tissues of mesenchymal and ectomesenchymal origin. The mesenchymal primordial cells of cartilage and bone did not show any significant, expression of vigilin. As tissue differentiation proceeded, vigilin mRNA levels increased in hyaline cartilage and in both endochondral as well as intramembranous bone. The results suggest that the expression of vigilin mRNA in cartilage- and bone-forming cells chondrocytes and osteobalsts, is dependent on the stage of development and cellular differentiation, although not a unique process of bone formation. Most striking is the correlation of the maximum vigilin mRNA expression in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes to periods when cell-specific genes were highly transcribed and substantially translated, e.g., synthesis of procollagen and formation of extracellular matrix in bone and cartilage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; hopanoids ; nitrogen fixation ; plant-microbe interaction ; Rhizobium ; squalene-hopene cyclase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Hopanoid lipids have been discovered recently in a number of nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria and in Bradyrhizobium bacteria which fix nitrogen in association with legume plants. We report here an investigation of the hopanoid content in an additional number of soil bacteria capable of living in close association with plants. Of the strains investigated, hopanoids were discovered in phototrophic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and in an extended number of Bradyrhizobium strains. Strains in which hopanoids so far have not been found belong to the following genera: Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Phyllobacterium, Agrobacterium, and Azoarcus. To address the function of hopanoids in Bradyrhizobium, we cloned the gene coding for a key enzyme of hopanoid biosynthesis, the squalene-hopene cyclase, and expressed the gene in E. coli. The recombinant enzyme catalyzed in vitro the cyclization of squalene to hopanoid derivatives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: H2-Blockers ; Cimetidine, ranitidine ; Stress ulcer ; Intensive care patients ; Antacids ; Gastric acid secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer multizentrisch durchgeführten prospektiven Einfachblind-Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit des H2-Blockers Ranitidin mit der von Cimetidin in der Prophylaxe streßbedingter Blutungen aus dem oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt verglichen. An dieser Studie nahmen insgesamt 380 Patienten teil. In randomisierter Anordnung erhielten 192 Patienten 4 × 50 mg Ranitidin i.v. bzw. 2 × 150 mg oral. 180 Patienten wurde 4 × 400 mg Cimetidin i.v. bzw: 1000 mg oral verabreicht. 5 Patienten unter Ranitidin (2,6%) und 12 Patienten unter Cimetidin (6,4 %) entwickelten eine obere gastrointestinale Blutung, die eindeutig oder möglicherweise auf Streßläsionen zurückzuführen war. Dieser Unterschied war nicht statistisch signifikant. Streßläsionen konnten bei 11,8 % in der Ranitidin- und bei 18,3 % in der Cimetidin-Gruppe endoskopisch nachgewiesen werden (nicht signifikant). Unter Ranitidin wurden Übelkeit, Erbrechen und Tachykardie (n = 4) und unter Cimetidin Cholestase und zentralnervöse Symptome (n = 10) registriert. Ranitidin ist somit in der Prophylaxe der Streßulcus-Blutung vergleichbar wirksam wie Cimetidin.
    Notes: Summary In a multicentre single-blind study, ranitidine was compared to cimetidine as prophylactic treatment against stress-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding in seriously ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). 380 patients entered the study. 192 patients were treated with ranitidine 50 mg q.i.d. as i.v. bolus followed by 150mg orally twice daily. 188 patients received cimetidine 400 mg q.i.d. intravenously and 1,000 mg daily orally in divided doses. Five patients in the ranitidine group (2.6%) and 12 in the cimetidine group (6.4%) developed gastrointestinal bleeding definitely or possibly due to stress lesions. This difference was not significant. The incidence of stress erosions or ulcerations developing during the study was 11.8 % for the ranitidine group and 18.3% for the cimetidine group (non-significant difference). Adverse events in the ranitidine group were nausea, tachycardia or vomiting in 4 patients. 5 cimetidine-treated patients developed cholestasis, and 5 additional central nervous system problems. The high degree of efficacy of both drugs compared very favourably with the high incidence of stress ulceration and hemorrhage in similar untreated populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 362-368 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Aluminium/platinum alloys ; crystal structure ; phase transitions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Structure of Platinum-rich Aluminium/Platinum AlloysPlatinum-rich aluminium/platinum alloys have been synthesised via a coupled reaction between aluminium oxide and platinum in a stream of hydrogen at temperatures in the region of 1200°C. The phase richest in aluminium that was prepared was the alloy Al1.16Pt2.84 which crystallises in the AuCu3 structure type. In accordance with the composition, the platinum sites are statistically occupied to a slight extent by aluminium atoms. In a phase somewhat poorer in aluminium (Al1.05Pt2.95), the edge-sharing octahedra consisting almost exclusively of platinum atoms are twisted with respect to each other. The severity of the limited tetragonal distortion which results increases with further decrease in the aluminium content in the phase. A two phase region exists between the limiting composition of this phase and that of the aluminium-poor Pt/Al mixed crystal possessing a statistical atom distribution.By heating the alloys with the slight tetragonal distortion, a second order phase transition into the cubic phase occurs whilst the alloys with a stronger tetragonal distortion undergo a corresponding phase transition which is first order. This result conforms with the idea that, in the former case, the distortion of the platinum octahedra is progressively relieved while in the second case this event results discontinously. Consequently, both the tetragonal and the cubic phase are observed simultaneously in a distinct temperature region.
    Notes: Über eine gekoppelte Reaktion konnten aus Aluminiumoxid und Platin im Wasserstoffstrom bei Temperaturen um 1200°C platinreiche Aluminium-Platin-Legierungen synthetisiert werden.Als aluminiumreichste Phase wurde die im AuCu3-Typ kristallisierende Legierung- Al1,16Pt2,84 erhalten. Entsprechend der Zusammensetzung sind Platinatomlagen zu einem geringen Anteil statistisch durch Aluminiumatome belegt. In einer etwas aluminiumärmeren Phase (Al1,05Pt2,95) sind die fast ausschließlich durch Platinatome gebildeten eckenverknüpften Oktaeder gegeneinander verdreht. Die dadurch be dingte tetragonale Verzerrung nimmt mit weiter sinkendem Aluminiumgehali zu. Zwischen der Grenzzusammensetzung dieser Phase und einem aluminiumarmen Pt-Al-Mischkristall mit statistischer Atomverteilung liegt ein Zweiphasen gebiet.Beim Aufheizen gehen Legierungen mit geringer tetragonaler Verzerrung in einem Reaktionsablauf zweiter Ordnung in die kubische Phase über, bei Legierungen mit stärkerer tetragonaler Verzerrung verläuft eine entsprechende Phasenumwandlung nach der ersten Ordnung ab. Dieses Verhalten entspricht der Vorstellung, daß im ersten Fall die Verdrehung der Platinoktaeder kontinuierlich mit steigender Temperatur aufgehoben wird, wogegen im zweiten Fall dieser Vorgang diskontinuierlich erfolgt und deshalb in einem gewissen Temperaturbereich die tetragonale und die kubische Phase nebeneinander beobachtet werden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 559 (1988), S. 95-105 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure and Magnetic Properties of Cs2Mn3S4 and Cs2Co3S4The atomic arrangements of the isotypic compounds Cs2Mn3S4 and Cs2Co3S4 were determined by X-ray investigations on single crystals (space group Ibam, Z = 4). To interprete the magnetic properties of Cs2Mn3S4 mixed crystals of the series Cs2(MnxZn1-x)3S4 have been examined. Additionally neutron diffraction experiments were carried out and yielded the spin structures of Cs2Mn3S4 and Cs2Co3S4 (Shubnikov space group Ibam'). The deviations of the magnetic moments from those expected for high-spin d5 ions are explained by means of crystal field calculations.
    Notes: Der Aufbau der isotypen Verbindungen Cs2Mn3S4 und Cs2Co3S4 wurde an Einkristallen bestimmt (Raumgruppe Ibam, Z = 4). Zur Deutung der magnetischen Eigenschaften des Cs2Mn3S4 wurde die Mischkristallreihe Cs2(MnxZn1-x)3S4 untersucht. Neutronenbeugungsuntersuchungen ermöglichten darüber hinaus die Bestimmung der - antiferromagnetischen - Spinstrukturen von Cs2Mn3S4 und Cs2Co3S4 (Shubnikov-Raumgruppe Ibam'). Die Abweichungen der gemessenen magnetischen Momente von den zu erwartenden High-Spin-Werten lassen sich mit Kristallfeldberechnungen in Einklang bringen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 412-416 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Alkali transition metal chalcogenides ; magnetic structures ; neutron diffraction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Magnetic Interactions in Ternary Cobalt Chalcogenides containing Isolated Tetrahedral Cobalt Anionic Groups. The Spin Structures of Na6CoS4 and Na6CoSe4The sodium cobalt chalcogenides Na6CoS4 and Na6CoSe4 are characterized by isolated [CoX4]-units. Despite the large distances of more than 6 Å between the cobalt ions magnetic inter-actions at low temperatures lead to threedimensionally ordered spin structures, that were determined from neutron diffraction experiments. The magnetic structure can be described in the Shubnicov group P2abc21 with a unit cell that is four times as large as the crystallographic cell. The magnetic moments of both compounds correspond to the value expected for three unpaired electrons per Co2+ ion.
    Notes: Die Natriumcobaltchalkogenide Na6CoS4 und Na6CoSe4 sind durch isolierte [CoX4]-Einheiten charakterisiert. Trotz der großen Abstände der magnetischen Zentren von über 6Å führen bei tiefen Temperaturen magnetische Wechselwirkungen zu dreidimensional geordneten Spinstrukturen, die über Neutronenbeugungsuntersuchungen aufgeklärt werden konnten. Die magnetische Struktur läßt sich in der Shubnikov-Raumgruppe P2abc21 mit einer Elementarzelle beschreiben, die gegenüber der kristallographischen das vierfache Volumen besitzt. Die Größe der magnetischen Momente entspricht dem für Co2+ zu erwartenden Wert von drei ungepaarten Elektronen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Alkali metal manganese selenides ; alkali metal manganese tellurides ; crystal structure ; spin structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Alkali Metal Manganese Selenides and Tellurides - Synthesis, Crystal and Spin StructuresThe compounds Rb2Mn3Se4, Cs2Mn3Se4, Rb2Mn3Te4 and Cs2Mn3Te4 were synthesized by the reaction of alkali metal carbonates with chalcogen and Mn or MnCO3 in a stream of hydrogen charged with chalcogen.Structural investigations show that all compounds crystallize in isotypic atomic arrangements (Cs2Mn3S4-type, space group Ibam, Z = 4). Additionally neutron diffraction experiments were carried out and yielded the spin structures of Rb2Mn3Se4 and Cs2Mn3Se4 (Shubnikov space group Ibam').The structural related selenides ALiMnSe2 and ALiZnSe2 (A = K, Rb or Cs) were synthesized by analogous reactions. All these compounds are isotypic and crystallize in the BaZn2P2-structure type.
    Notes: Die Verbindungen Rb2Mn3Se4, Cs2Mn3Se4, Rb2Mn3Te4 und Cs2Mn3Te4 wurden durch Umsetzungen von Alkalimetallcarbonaten mit Mangan oder Mangancarbonat und Chalkogen in einem mit Chalkogen beladenen Wasserstoffstrom erhalten.Kristallstrukturuntersuchungen ergaben, daß alle Verbindungen isotyp kristallisieren (Cs2Mn3S4-Typ, Raumgruppe Ibam, Z = 4). Neutronenbeugungsuntersuchungen ermöglichten darüber hinaus die Bestimmung der antiferromagnetischen Spinstrukturen von Rb2Mn3Se4 und Cs2Mn3Se4 (Shubnikov-Raumgruppe Ibam').Die strukturverwandten Selenide ALiMnSe2 und ALiZnSe2 mit A = K, Rb oder Cs wurden über analoge Umsetzungen synthetisiert. Sie kristallisieren alle im BaZn2P2-Typ.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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