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  • Electronic Resource  (6)
  • Insulin  (4)
  • Hypothyroidism  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-compartment model analysis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone kinetics in hyper- and hypothyroid patients (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 1013-1019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone ; RIA-TRH ; Pharmacokinetics ; Hypothyroidism ; Hyperthyroidism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were assessed following an i.v. injection in blood of ten hyperthyroid, ten hypothyroid, and six normal subjects. A single-compartment model was employed. After methanol extraction, TRH concentrations were analyzed using a specific radioimmunoassay technique combined with fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). As for the basal levels of TRH, no differences were observed in either study group. Peak concentrations were always present two min after the injection of TRH. In the euthyroid subjects, TRH blood levels had a half-life (t 1/2) of 6.5±0.41 min, mean±SD, whilet 1/2 was 7.2±0.62 min in the hyperthyroid andt 1/2 was 12±1.67 min (p〈0.001) in the hypothyroid patients. The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) (82.2±15.3 liters/m2/day vs. 89.8±17.2) and the volume of distribution (Vd) (7.1±4.2 liters vs. 7.3±3.4) were approximately the same in the normal subjects and in the hyperthyroid group. MCR (66.2±15.3 Iiters/m2/day) and Vd (6.2±3.3 liters) were found to be lower in the hypothyroid patients. In FPLC, when TRH was added to plasma, it eluted in one peak. Blood samples taken 5 min after TRH i.v. injection had an elution profile of 9.94 ml. These data indicate that 1) TRH has a very short half-life, 2) hypothyroidism can prolong thet 1/2 of exogenous TRH, and 3) when TRH should be used in clinical studies, the function of the thyroid gland has to be taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01646547
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute hypothyroidism has no effect on pulmonary vascular resistance (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 530-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypothyroidism ; Pulmonary circulation ; Pulmonary vascular resistance ; Hemodynamic evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of acute hypothyroidism on the pulmonary circulation was studied in 9 nonobese athyreotic patients by right heart catheterization at rest and during exercise. The patients were studied while they were hypothyroid 2 weeks after ceasing triiodothyronine treatment and while they were euthyroid on replacement therapy. At rest, pulmonary blood flow [4.0±0.6 l/min vs 5.8±1.0 l/min,p〈0.01] and systolic pulmonary artery pressure [18±3 mmHg vs 23±2 mmHg,p〈0.01] were lower when the patients were hypothyroid than when they were euthyroid. The mean and diastolic pressures in the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary capillary pressures were not different among the groups. Likewise, thyroid hormone levels had no significant effect on pulmonary vascular resistance [100±25 dyn-s-cm−5 vs 90±23 dyn-s-cm−5]. With supine exercise, pulmonary blood flow [10.1±1.6 l/min vs. 13.2±2.0 l/min,p〈0.01], mean pulmonary artery pressure [25±6 mmHg vs 30±6 mmHg,p〈0.02], and systolic pulmonary artery pressure [36±6 mmHg vs 44±8 mmHg,p〈0.01] were lower when the patients were hypothyroid. The diastolic pulmonary artery pressure and the pulmonary capillary pressure were similar in both thyroid states. Again, thyroid deficiency had no effect on pulmonary vascular resistance [81±23 dyn-s-cm−5 vs 76±24 dyn-s-cm−5]. The lower systolic pressures in the pulmonary artery seen in hypothyroidism are probably due to the decreased systolic volume load of the pulmonary circulation. The data do not suggest that thyroid hormones play a role in the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01719778
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatostatinoma syndrome. Clinical, morphological and metabolic features and therapeutic aspects (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 681-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; Insulin ; C-peptide ; Diabetes ; Pituitary function ; Gastric acid secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of somatostatinoma syndrome in a 30-year-old woman is presented. Basal levels of growth hormone and of pancreatic and gastric hormones were reduced and the response of growth hormone, insulin and C-peptide to stimuli such as arginine, glucose, glibenclamide and calcium was virtually abolished. Similarly, gastric acid secretion, pancreatic exocrine function and intestinal absorption were significantly reduced. On the other hand, basal and stimulated levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were within the normal range. Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity was increased to 600 2,000 pg/ml (normal: 88–140 pg/ml). Immunocytochemical studies demonstrated the presence of somatostatin immunoreactive material in the primary tumour in the head of the pancreas and in the liver metastases. In spite of two courses of chemotherapy with streptozotocin and 5-fluorouracil the patient died due to liver failure 5 months after the first admission to hospital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01487613
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Einfluß von Atropin auf die durch intestinale Hormone induzierte Insulinsekretion des Menschen (1973)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 160 (1973), S. 234-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Insulin ; Intestinal hormones ; Atropine ; Vagus ; Insulin ; Intestinale Hormone ; Atropin ; Vagus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung und Schluβfolgerung Bei 35 stoffwechselgesunden freiwilligen Probanden wurde vor sowie nach Atropingabe die Wirkung der intestinalen Hormone Sekretin und Cholecystokinin-Pankreozymin (CCK-PZ) auf die endokrine und exokrine Pankreasfunktion untersucht. Außerdem wurde die Wirkung von intravenös und oral bzw. intraduodenal verabreichter Glucose und Aminosäuren auf die Insulinsekretion, den Blutzucker und die freien Fettsäuren ebenfalls vor und nach Atropinmedikation geprüft. Intravenös verabreichtes Sekretin konnte weder in seiner exokrinen noch endokrinen Pankreasfunktion durch Atropin beeinflußt werden. Intravenös injiziertes CCK-PZ konnte mittels Atropin sowohl in seiner ekbolischen wie auch endokrinen Pankreasfunktion gehemmt werden. Die Wirkung von CCK-PZ ist somit an ein cholinerges System gebunden, so daß es erlaubt erscheint, bezüglich der Pankreozyminwirkung von einem synergistisch bzw. additiv wirksam werdenden „neurohormonalen“ Mechanismus zu sprechen. Die durch parenteral verabreichte Glucose oder Aminosäuren induzierte Insulinsekretion wurde durch Atropin nicht beeinflußt; hingegen hemmte Atropin dieβ-cytotrope Wirkung von oral bzw. intraduodenal verabreichter Glucose oder Aminosäuren. Dies läßt auf eine Abhängigkeit von einem cholinergen oder parasympathischen System in der Freisetzung dieser intestinalen Hormone schließen.
    Notes: Summary and Conclusions In 35 metabolically normal subjects the effect of i.v. secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK/PZ) on the endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function was investigated, before and after atropine. In addition, the effect of oral, intravenous and intraduodenal administration of glucose and amino acids on blood sugar and free fatty acids before and after the injection of atropine was studied. The secretin stimulated endocrine and exocrine pancreas was not affected by atropine. However, atropine inhibited the ecbolic and endocrine pancreatic function after stimulation with CCK/PZ. Therefore, the effect of i.v. CCK/PZ seems to be mediated by the cholinergic system, or even a “neuro-hormonal” system which acts synergically or additively. No influence of atropine on the insulin secretion induced by i.v. glucose or amino acids was observed. On the other hand, atropine inhibited the beta-cytotropic effect of glucose and amino acids after oral or intraduodenal administration. These findings indicate that the release of these intestinal hormones is dependent on the cholinergic or parasympathetic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01856787
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of continuous and oscillatory portal vein insulin infusion upon glucose-induced insulin release in rats (1984)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 184 (1984), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Oscillations ; Insulin ; Glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to determine the effect of low dose continuous and oscillatory intraportal insulin infusions upon subsequent glucose-induced insulin release. In overnight-fasted and anesthetized rats with indwelling catheters in the jugular vein, carotic artery, and mesenteric vein insulin was infused intraportally for 3 h via the mesenteric vein catheter at a continuous rate of 45 µU/kg·min, or the same amount of insulin was administered at alternating high (72 µU/kg·min) and low infusion rates (18 µU/kg·min), respectively, in 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-min cycles (oscillatory infusions). Another group received a continuous infusion of saline. Glucose (0.4 g/kg) was given i.v. 30 min after the end of the insulin or saline infusion. During the 3-h infusion of insulin or saline the peripheral glucose level remained unchanged in all groups. In response to the i.v. glucose load peripheral arterial plasma insulin levels were significantly elevated after preceding oscillatory infusions compared to the continuous insulin infusion. As compared to the group receiving saline the glucose-induced insulin response after continuous insulin infusion was significantly reduced. The plasma glucose responses were not different except for inexplicably elevated glucose levels in the 4-min cycle group. No difference was observed for plasma glucagon levels in all groups. The present data demonstrate an augmented responsiveness of theβ-cell to glucose after a preceding oscillatory infusion of insulin and an impaired responsiveness to glucose after continuous insulin infusion. This indicates that an oscillatory insulin release might be of importance for an adequate regulation ofβ-cell function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01852224
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of histamine H2-receptor stimulation on postprandial pancreatic and gastric endocrine function in dogs (1982)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 181 (1982), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: H2-Receptor ; Somatostatin ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Gastrin ; Insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of histamine H2-receptor stimulation via the infusion of impromidine was assessed with regard to postprandial plasma insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, and gastrin levels. The effect of impromidine was assessed in the postprandial state during a liver extract/sucrose test meal which had a buffer capacity to maintain the intragastric pH at a constant level for the time impromidine was infused. Postprandial plasma insulin and gastrin levels were not changed by impromidine (10µg/kg·h−1). Plasma somatostatin levels rose significantly, whereas the postprandial increase of plasma PP levels was attenuated. The effects on somatostatin and PP were antagonized by the infusion of cimetidine, a specific histamine H2-receptor blocker. In conclusion the present data demonstrate that in the postprandial state activation of H2-receptors stimulates somatostatin and inhibits PP release while insulin and gastrin release are not affected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01851198
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