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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
  • Indium telluride, thermodynamics, vaporization chemistry  (1)
  • Key words: Atmospheric radiative transfer, circulation, Indian summer monsoon, thermal forcing.  (1)
  • Key words: Numerical investigation, Somali jet, the Western Ghat.  (1)
  • Key words: Numerical simulation, summer monsoon, circulation, land surface, parameterization.  (1)
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  • Electronic Resource  (4)
Years
Keywords
  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Numerical simulation, summer monsoon, circulation, land surface, parameterization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The influence of soil moisture and vegetation variation on simulation of monsoon circulation and rainfall is investigated. For this purpose a simple land surface parameterization scheme is incorporated in a three-dimensional regional high resolution nested grid atmospheric model. Based on the land surface parameterization scheme, latent heat and sensible heat fluxes are explicitly estimated over the entire domain of the model. Two sensitivity studies are conducted; one with bare dry soil conditions (no latent heat flux from land surface) and the other with realistic representation of the land surface parameters such as soil moisture, vegetation cover and landuse patterns in the numerical simulation. The sensitivity of main monsoon features such as Somali jet, monsoon trough and tropical easterly jet to land surface processes are discussed.¶Results suggest the necessity of including a detailed land surface parameterization in the realistic short-range weather numerical predictions. An enhanced short-range prediction of hydrological cycle including precipitation was produced by the model, with land surface processes parameterized. This parameterization appears to simulate all the main circulation features associated with the summer monsoon in a realistic manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 149 (1997), S. 601-622 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Atmospheric radiative transfer, circulation, Indian summer monsoon, thermal forcing.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The radiative-convective feedback and land-sea thermal forcing play significant roles in maintenance of the summer monsoon circulation over the Indian sub-continent. In this study, the role of radiative transfer in maintaining the monsoon circulation is examined with numerical sensitivity experiments. For this purpose, a sixteen layer primitive equation limited area model is used to perform numerical simulations with and without atmospheric radiative transfer processes parameterized in the model. The initial values and boundary conditions for the numerical integrations of the model are derived from operational analyses of the ECMWF, UK. The results show that the radiative transfer is essential in maintaining the intensity of the low level Somali Jet as well as the upper level Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) over the Indian sub-continent and adjoining seas. The meridional circulation over the region is also well simulated. As a result, enough moisture transports from the warm equatorial region to simulate more realistic orographic precipitation in the windward side of the mountains along the West coast of India. Without radiative transfer processes in the model atmosphere the simulated monsoon circulation weakens, moisture transport decreases and the precipitation lessens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 154 (1999), S. 365-396 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Numerical investigation, Somali jet, the Western Ghat.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —Several major features of the interaction of the Somali jet with the Western Ghat Mountains have been observed. These include a pressure ridge, strong vertical motions, and occurrences of highly reflective cloud and heavy rainfall rates along the west coast of India. A triple nested regional weather prediction model has been used to investigate the dynamic interaction between the Somali jet and the Western Ghat Mountains. Two numerical experiments were conducted; one with the topography of western India and the other without. In the experiment without topography, the Western Ghat Mountains were removed from the innermost domain. The results for the innermost domain in the two experiments were analyzed and compared. The results from the simulation with topography captured several of the observed features of the Somali jet interaction with the Western Ghat Mountains. The simulation without topography failed to reveal these features. The results suggest that the blocking effect of the Western Ghats plays an important role in the prediction of the rainfall over the west coast of India.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 117 (1986), S. 695-712 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Indium telluride, thermodynamics, vaporization chemistry ; Torsion effusion ; Knudsen effusion ; High temperature mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Chemie der Verdampfung von In2Te3(s) wurde mittels automatisierter gleichzeitiger Anwendung derKnudsen- und Torsions-Effusion, mittels Hochtem-peraturmassenspektrometrie und entsprechenden Hilfsmethoden untersucht. Es wird über die ersten absoluten Messungen des Dampfdrucks von In2Te3 berichtet. In2Te3(s) verdampfte inkongruent im Temperaturbereich von 701–889 K, wobei Te2(g) und eine feste Lösung mit der ZusammensetzungX In=0.42 undX Te=0.58 entstand. Die Standard-Enthalphie der Reaktion bei 298 K, ΔH° (298 K), war nach der Methode des dritten Gesetzes 136.0±0.3 kJ/mol. Die erwähnte feste Lösung verdampfte inkongruent unter Bildung von InTe(s) und einem Dampf, der aus Te2(g) und In2Te(g) bestand. InTe(s) verdampfte im Bereich von 701–887 K kongruent unter Bildung von Te2(g) und In2Te(g); ΔH v ° (298 K) nach dem dritten Gesetz war 201.5±1.0 kJ/mol. Diese Ergebnisse sind im Gegensatz zu Literaturangaben zur Verdampfung von In2Te3, wobei sowohl kongruente als auch inkongruente Verdampfung zu InTe(s) berichtet wurden. Außerdem wurde InTe(s) als inkongruent verdampfend beschrieben. Diese Abweichungen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The vaporization chemistry of In2Te3(s) was studied by the computer-automated simultaneousKnudsen-effusion and torsion-effusion method, by high-temperature mass spectrometry, and by ancillary methods. The first absolute measurements of the vapor pressure of In2Te3 are reported. In2Te3(s) vaporized incongruently in the temperature range 701–889 K and produced Te2(g) and a solid-solution, (X In=0.42 andX Te=0.58). The standard enthalpy of the reaction at 298 K, ΔH° (298 K) by the third-law method was 136.0±0.3 kJ/mol of vapor. The above solid solution vaporized incongruently and produced InTe(s) and a vapor which consisted of Te2(g) and In2Te(g). InTe(s) vaporized congruently in the range 701–887 K and produced Te2(g) and In2Te(g); the third-law ΔH v ° (298 K) was 201.5±1.0 kJ/mol. These results were at variance with the literature on vaporization of In2Te3 where both congruent vaporization and incongruent vaporization to give InTe(s) are separately reported. Further, InTe(s) was reported to vaporize incongruently. These differences are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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