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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Simulation of the Sensitivity of Summer Monsoon Circulation and Rainfall over India to Land Surface Processes (1998)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 152 (1998), S. 781-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Numerical simulation, summer monsoon, circulation, land surface, parameterization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The influence of soil moisture and vegetation variation on simulation of monsoon circulation and rainfall is investigated. For this purpose a simple land surface parameterization scheme is incorporated in a three-dimensional regional high resolution nested grid atmospheric model. Based on the land surface parameterization scheme, latent heat and sensible heat fluxes are explicitly estimated over the entire domain of the model. Two sensitivity studies are conducted; one with bare dry soil conditions (no latent heat flux from land surface) and the other with realistic representation of the land surface parameters such as soil moisture, vegetation cover and landuse patterns in the numerical simulation. The sensitivity of main monsoon features such as Somali jet, monsoon trough and tropical easterly jet to land surface processes are discussed.¶Results suggest the necessity of including a detailed land surface parameterization in the realistic short-range weather numerical predictions. An enhanced short-range prediction of hydrological cycle including precipitation was produced by the model, with land surface processes parameterized. This parameterization appears to simulate all the main circulation features associated with the summer monsoon in a realistic manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050178
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Radiative Transfer in Maintaining the Indian Summer Monsoon Circulation (1997)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 149 (1997), S. 601-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Atmospheric radiative transfer, circulation, Indian summer monsoon, thermal forcing.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —The radiative-convective feedback and land-sea thermal forcing play significant roles in maintenance of the summer monsoon circulation over the Indian sub-continent. In this study, the role of radiative transfer in maintaining the monsoon circulation is examined with numerical sensitivity experiments. For this purpose, a sixteen layer primitive equation limited area model is used to perform numerical simulations with and without atmospheric radiative transfer processes parameterized in the model. The initial values and boundary conditions for the numerical integrations of the model are derived from operational analyses of the ECMWF, UK. The results show that the radiative transfer is essential in maintaining the intensity of the low level Somali Jet as well as the upper level Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) over the Indian sub-continent and adjoining seas. The meridional circulation over the region is also well simulated. As a result, enough moisture transports from the warm equatorial region to simulate more realistic orographic precipitation in the windward side of the mountains along the West coast of India. Without radiative transfer processes in the model atmosphere the simulated monsoon circulation weakens, moisture transport decreases and the precipitation lessens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050043
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of monsoon boundary-layer processes using a regional scale nested grid model (1994)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 67 (1994), S. 407-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A nested grid regional model with a high vertical resolution in the atmospheric boundary layer is used to simulate various atmospheric processes during an active monsoon period. A turbulence kinetic energy closure scheme is used to predict the boundary-layer structure. Model predictions indicate different structures of the boundary layer over land and oceans, as observed. Significant diurnal variation in boundary-layer structure and associated processes is predicted over land and negligible variations over oceans. The Somali jet over the Arabian Sea is well predicted. Location of the predicted monsoon depression and the associated rainfall are in good agreement with the observations. Also, predicted rainfall and its spatial distribution along the west coast of India are in good agreement with the observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705441
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monsoon rainfall simulations with the Kuo and Betts-Miller schemes (1994)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 53 (1994), S. 33-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two numerical experiments are performed using a nested grid regional model to study the performance of the Kuo and the Betts-Miller cumulus parameterization schemes in simulating the rainfall during an active monsoon period. Results indicate that the monsoon circulation features, such as the Somali jet and monsoon depression are better simulated with the Kuo scheme. With the Kuo scheme, predicted intensity and associated rainfall of the monsoon depression are in good agreement with the observations. Uncertainty in the adjustment parameters in the Betts-Miller scheme appears to have lead to the poor prediction of rainfall. Also, the Betts-Miller scheme showed considerable sensitivity to the convergence in the lower troposphere in the initial conditions over the Arabian Sea, leading to a prediction of a spurious intense tropical cyclone. This cyclone replaced the normal heat-low over the desert region. Rainfall distribution and its maximum along the west coast of India were predicted better with the Kuo scheme. Area-averaged convective heating rates indicated that the cumulus convection is deeper and more intense with the Kuo scheme. Also, area averaged evaporation rates far exceeded the rainfall rates with the Betts-Miller scheme while with the Kuo scheme these rates are in balance after the spinup period. Forecast erros in the zonally averaged specific humidities indicate that the model atmosphere is more humid with the Betts-Miller scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01031903
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A non-hydrostatic modeling study of surface moisture effects on mesoscale convection induced by sea breeze circulation (1996)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 58 (1996), S. 103-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Convection and subsequent precipitation induced by the sea breeze circulations are often observed in the Florida peninsula during summer. In this study, the mechanisms of initiation and maintenance of the convective clouds and precipitation are investigated. A fully-compressible fine resolution non-hydrostatic mesoscale numerical model is used in this study. Surface energy and moisture budget were included in this model to simulate the diurnal cycle of ground surface temperature and wetness. The model also has a sophisticated boundary layer and explicit cloud physics. A sounding obtained from Orlando, Florida at 1110 UTC 17 July 1991 as part of the Convection and Precipitation Electrification (CaPE) experiment is used for initialization. The initial data for the model is kept in geostrophic and thermal wind balance. Several sensitivity tests were conducted to investigate the effects of different treatments of ground surface moisture and temperature on the model forecast of the convection and precipitation induced by the sea breeze circulations. The simulations agree reasonably well with the observations when both surface energy and moisture budget were included in the model to predict ground surface temperature and wetness. The surface moisture has a significant impact on the formation, strength, sustenance, and the location of convection and precipitation induced by the sea breezes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01027559
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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