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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of soft magnetic and thermally stable Fe–Co–Ta:N/Ti multilayered films by sputter deposition : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3782-3784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Although the as-deposited Fe–Co–Ta:N single layer films with a thickness of 200 nm possessed large 4πMs of about 16 kG, they revealed low μr. [Fe–Co–Ta:N/Ti]n multilayers were prepared with the aim to improve soft magnetic characteristics of Fe–Co–Ta:N films. The [Fe–Co–Ta:N(50 nm)/Ti(10 nm)]4 multilayered films exhibited relatively high μr of about 400 even in the as-deposited state. Furthermore, they exhibited better thermal stability of their soft magnetism. For example, the multilayered films postannealed at TA of about 300 °C lost only 20% of their moment, compared to as-deposited films, and maintained a relatively high μr. By contrast, a Fe–Co–Ta:N(200 nm) single layer film lost, at the same temperature, nearly 50% of its moment. X-ray diffractometry indicates that the postannealed multilayered films did not include such paramagnetic ζ-Fe2N crystallites. It seemed that the Ti insertion layers worked as barrier layer for N diffusion to prevent the formation of such nitride crystallites. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364768
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of soft magnetic films of nanocrystalline Fe–Cu–Nb–Si–B alloy by facing targets sputtering : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6673-6675 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Soft magnetic thin films of nanocrystalline Fe–Cu–Nb–Si–B alloy were deposited using the facing targets sputtering (FTS) apparatus. It was found that the Fe–Cu–Nb–Si–B single layers thinner than 100 nm revealed good soft magnetic properties, of which the saturation magnetization 4πMs and the relative permeability μr were 11.3 kG and 500, respectively. However, when these films were thicker than 100 nm, their soft magnetic properties degraded due to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. On the other hand, the soft magnetic properties of the post-annealed films were improved owing to the release of stress in the films. Especially, μr of the post-annealed films with thickness of 120 nm increased drastically up to around 6200. Furthermore, Fe–Cu–Nb–Si–B/Al multilayers revealed superior soft magnetic properties due to the magnetostatic coupling between the two ferromagnetic layers. These multilayers post-annealed at 300 °C revealed softer magnetic properties than single layers. They exhibited very low coercivity Hc of 0.63 Oe, large 4πMs of 13.2 kG and high μr of 4600. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367761
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    a-Si buffer layer for improvement of crystallographic and magnetoresistance characteristics of Co/Cu multilayers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5158-5160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co/Cu multilayers deposited on an amorphous Si (a-Si) buffer layer revealed good crystallinity and lower resistivity than ones deposited on other buffer layers. The periodicity and the sharpness at the interface between each layer were not as good as those in the multilayer with a Ni–Fe buffer. Therefore, the multilayer with a Si buffer exhibited smaller resistivity ρ but slightly smaller change of resistivity Δρ. The annealing process improved the periodicity and the sharpness at the interface in the Co/Cu multilayer with a Si buffer, and the value of the magnetoresistance ratio in the multilayer with a Si buffer (17.1%) became larger than that with Ni–Fe (15.5%). © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373281
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of magnetization reversal processes in Co–Cr and Co–Cr–Ta ultrathin films under the canted magnetic field using anomalous Hall effect (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5705-5707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Normalized magnetization vector Me of ultrathin Co–Cr–Ta films under the canted magnetic field were derived from the results of anomalous Hall voltage and the magnetization measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer. The film deposited at high substrate temperature revealed a relatively large amount of an in-plane component because of the faint c-axis orientation in the perpendicular direction of the Co–Cr–Ta crystallites. The in-plane component at the remanent state seems to be larger for the film with worse c-axis orientation. The Pt underlayer was normalized to promote c-axis orientation in Co–Cr–Ta films deposited on it at a high substrate temperature above 200 °C. A 30 nm-thick Co77Cr20Ta3 film deposited on a 20-nm-thick Pt underlayer exhibited large perpendicular coercivity. The locus of normalized magnetization of the Co77Cr20Ta3(30 nm)/Pt(20 nm) implied that the film revealed a large perpendicular magnetization component even though the magnetic field was applied in the direction out of the normal line. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372496
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on coercivity in Co-Cr thin films by means of a multilayer technique (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 2911-2913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is known that there is a significant dependence of perpendicular coercivity Hc⊥ of Co-Cr sputtered thin films on thickness δ even if substrate temperature Tsub is constant during film deposition. Such a δ dependence of Hc⊥ suggests the nonuniformity of magnetic properties normal to the film plane. In order to prepare Co-Cr thin films with satisfactory magnetic homogeneity, multilayered films composed of many Co-Cr thin layers were fabricated by the facing targets sputtering (FTS) system. The experimental results indicated that these multilayered films may be magnetically and crystallographically homogeneous. For example, films deposited at Tsub of 150 °C with thicknesses above 1000 A(ring) have Hc⊥ about 1.5 kOe, however, Hc⊥ of the multilayered films piled up with 300-A(ring)-thick Co-Cr layers which are deposited even at Tsub of 150 °C indicate almost the same value as that of the 300-A(ring)-thick unit layer. Those are about 500 Oe regardless of the total thickness of multilayers. Hc⊥ of the multilayered film depends not only on Tsub but also the thickness of the unit layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340954
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Ni–Fe/Cu multilayers with low coercivity and GMR effect by ion beam sputtering : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6525-6527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Multilayers composed of 30 [Ni–Fe/Cu] bilayers deposited on a 50-A(ring)-thick Fe buffer layer were prepared by ion beam sputtering. The magnetoresistance (MR) ratio Δρ/ρ0 of the multilayers took high value at the Cu layer thickness δCu of 10, 20, and 32 A(ring) for the multilayers with Ni–Fe layer thickness δNi–Fe of 10 A(ring). It was observed that (100) orientation of Ni–Fe and Cu crystallites were enhanced at δCu of 20 and 32 A(ring). The multilayered film with δCu of 10 A(ring) exhibited Δρ/ρ0 as high as 12%. The multilayered film possessed good soft magnetic properties, and exhibited coercivity Hc and relative permeability μr of about 4 Oe and 800, respectively. The saturation magnetic field Hs was about 300 Oe. Δρ/ρ0, Hc, and Hs at δCu of 20 A(ring), i.e., at the "second peak,'' were 6%, 10 Oe, and 25 Oe, respectively. The δCu dependence of Δρ/ρ0 seemed to be correspondent to that of the preferential orientation of the (100) plane. Ni–Fe/Cu multilayers with the same construction but without an Fe buffer layer did not reveal apparent (100) preferential orientation and did not exhibit Δρ/ρ0 as high as detectable. Then, Δρ/ρ0 was strongly dependent not only on interlayer thickness, such as δCu, but also (100) crystallite orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356936
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and magnetic properties of Mn4N films by reactive facing targets sputtering : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6568-6570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferrimagnetic Mn4N films have been successfully prepared at low process temperatures using the facing targets sputtering apparatus. The mixture gas of Ar and N2 with the ratio of N2 in pressure to total gas RN2 of 10% was optimal as the reactive working gas for depositing Mn4N films, since the deposition at excessive RN2 tended to cause the formation of Mn3N2 crystallites. In fact, they appeared in films deposited at RN2 higher than 30%. The film deposited at the substrate temperature Ts of 200 °C exhibited saturation magnetization 4πMs of about 300 G. The films prepared at Ts of 350 °C exhibited 4πMs and an in-plane coercivity Hc(parallel) of 450 G and 300 Oe, respectively. The films annealed at 400 °C in vacuum furnace exhibited 4πMs larger than about 510 G. However, the film annealed at temperature above 500 °C exhibited 4πMs smaller than 80 G.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356923
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term melatonin administration reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves the altered fatty-acid compositions in type 2 diabetic rats via the restoration of Δ-5 desaturase activity (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of pineal research 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term melatonin administration on plasma levels of triglycerides, insulin and leptin, and on the fatty-acid metabolism of plasma and hepatic lipids in type 2 diabetic rats. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus, were divided into two groups: one untreated (n=6), and one implanted with time-releasing melatonin pellets (1.1 mg/day for 30 wk) under the abdominal skin (n=6). Age-matched Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (n=6) were used as healthy controls. The untreated diabetic rats had the increased plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin and leptin at 35 wk, as compared with the healthy control rats (n=6). The diabetic rats also had augmented ratios of 20:3n-6/20:4n-6 fatty acids, owing to diminished activity of Δ-5 desaturase, an insulin-permissive enzyme, in the liver. Melatonin administration to OLETF rats reduced the hypertriglyceridemia (−39%, P 〈 0.05), hyperinsulinemia (−33%, P 〈 0.01) and hyperleptinemia (–43%, P 〈 0.01), and restored hepatic Δ-5 desaturase activity (148%, P 〈 0.005). This resulted in a return to normal ratios of 20:3n-6/20:4n-6 fatty acids in plasma and hepatic lipids. There was a significant correlation (r=0.64, P 〈 0.005) between plasma levels of insulin and the ratios of 20:3n-6/20:4n-6 in plasma phospholipids of all rats in the three groups. Thus, subcutaneous implantation of a melatonin-releasing pellet thus resulted in improved lipid metabolism in diabetic rats, probably through restored insulin resistance.ALP, alkaline phosphataseGOT, glutamic oxalacetic transaminaseGPT, glutamic pyruvic transaminaseHPLC, high performance liquid chromatographyLETO rats, Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka ratsMUFA, monounsaturated fatty acidOLETF rats, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty ratsPUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acidVLDL, very low density lipoprotein
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2002.10797.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pinealectomy on plasma levels of insulin and leptin and on hepatic lipids in type 2 diabetic rats (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of pineal research 35 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We previously reported that pharmacological melatonin administration to type 2 diabetic rats reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves the altered fatty-acid metabolism. To determine whether melatonin deficiency exacerbates diabetes-associated conditions, we investigated the effect of pinealectomy (i.e. melatonin-deficiency) on plasma hormone levels and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. We compared levels of insulin and leptin, and hepatic lipids in pinealectomized OLETF (PO) rats, sham-operated OLETF (SO) rats and sham-operated healthy Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) (SL) rats 16 and 30 wk after the operation. Plasma glucose and triglycerides were increased in SO and PO rats 30 wk after operation compared with age-matched SL rats. Pinealectomy caused an increase in free cholesterol among the plasma lipids, as compared with SO rats. Sixteen weeks after pinealectomy, typical hyperinsulinemia was observed in PO rats (3.47-fold increase, P 〈 0.01) as compared with SL rats, whereas at 30 wk, the plasma levels of insulin in PO and SO rats had decreased and there was no significant difference among the three groups. Hepatic triglycerides were increased (1.54-fold, P 〈 0.005) in PO rats, compared with SO rats. Hepatic acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) activity was significantly augmented in PO rats at 30 wk (10%, P 〈 0.01 versus SO group), while microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) decreased (−27% versus SO, P 〈 0.05); thus, the increased ACS activity and decreased MTP might have a role in the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides in PO rats. In summary, pinealectomy causes severe hyperinsulinemia and accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, probably owing to the loss of the nocturnal melatonin surge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2003.00083.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cepharanthine inhibits two-stage tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and mezerein on skin tumor formation in mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 117 (1991), S. 421-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Cepharanthine ; Inhibition of tumor promotion ; 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate ; Mezerein ; Delayed-type hypersensitivity ; Ornithine decarboxylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cepharanthine, isolated fromStephania cepharantha, is one of the bisbenzylisoquinoline-type alka-loids. We have found that it inhibits tumor promotion after topical application in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activities inhibited by topical application of cepharanthine, with an 5 Μg/mouse) and mezerein (5 Μg/mouse) were found to be inhibited by topical application of cepharanthine, with a ED50 of 1.2 Μmol and 1.4 Μmol respectively. These inhibitory effects of cepharanthine are considered to be related to its antitumor activity in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Cell-mediated immunosuppression by TPA was unaffected by topical application of cepharanthine. A diet containing 0.005% cepharanthine (about 0.5 mg mouse− day−) slightly suppressed the two-stage promotion of skin tumors by twice-weekly applications of 2.5 Μg TPA for 2 weeks (first stage) followed by twice-weekly applications of 2.5 Μg mezerein for 23 weeks (second stage) in ICR mice following initiation by 50 Μg 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Oral administration of cepharanthine inhibits the tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01612761
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