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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and construction of four-hole ECR ion source : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 583-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When a large current is accelerated, many radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) LINAC are needed, because the acceleration limit of a RFQ LINAC is 20 mA–30 mA. Therefore the same number of ion source are needed. But the limit is not the current limit of ion source. If the RFQ LINAC has many RFQ channels, it can accelerate large currents. We designed an accelerator with four RFQ channels to prove this principle. An ion source which extracts four equal beams from one chamber is needed for this RFQ LINAC. A four-hole ECR ion source was designed and manufactured after calculating the magnetic fields by OPERA, and simulating beam trajectory using the program FUGUN. In this ion source, since four extraction holes are located off axis by about 50 mm, the beam is deflected. We calculated this deviation. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430034
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First operation of HiECR-3 ion source for 14–18 GHz : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1186-1188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The new HiECR-3 ion source has been designed to have a mirror field and a hexapole field strong enough for both 14 and 18 GHz operation. We designed, manufactured, and operated the HiECR-3, for studying characteristics of volume and surface dependence on the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma zone. From these measurements of the ECR plasma, we examined many problems. They are the ECR plasma zone, the extraction efficiency from the plasma zone, electron injection from another ECR plasma zone, and volume and surface of the ECR plasma zone. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146727
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status of ion sources for the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator HIMAC : Proceedings of the 6th international conference on ion sources (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 962-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) at National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) is the first heavy-ion accelerator complex dedicated to cancer therapy. HIMAC is equipped with two kinds of ion sources. The PIG ion source is an indirectly heated cathode type, which is operated with a very low-duty factor. The ECR ion source has a single closed ECR zone with 10 GHz microwaves. Both sources realize good stability and reproducibility with easy operation, and satisfy the requirements for radiotherapy. They have been successfully used for clinical trials since June of 1994, and several tens of cancer patients have already been treated with 290–400 MeV/u carbon beams. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146784
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of the chemical vapor deposited W/Al interface (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 749-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dependence of the amount of aluminum trifluoride (AlF3) piled up at the interface of chemical vapor deposited tungsten and the aluminum under layer on the deposition time and subsequent annealing in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) or in monosilane (SiH4) gas has been studied. AlF3 is formed by the reaction of the aluminum under layer with tungsten hexafluoride (WF6) during the initial state of tungsten chemical vapor deposition. Tungsten was deposited on an Al layer under selective deposition conditions by SiH4 reduction at 250 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement reveals that the amount of AlF3 decreases with an increase in the tungsten deposition time and that the reduction of AlF3 by volatilization of aluminum fluorides, which occurs at higher temperatures ((approximately-greater-than)400 °C) is not observed at low temperature (270 °C). Annealing in SiH4 gas after the tungsten deposition was effective to reduce the amount of AlF3 compared with annealing in UHV. This result and thermochemical data would suggest that the dependence of the amount of AlF3 on the tungsten deposition time is explained by the reduction of AlF3 with hydrogen atoms supplied from the dissociation of SiH4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355246
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on ion sources (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 1087-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The development of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) injector is reported. The HIMAC is a heavy ion medical accelerator for cancer therapy. The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is expected to provide a long lifetime, easy operation, and easy maintenance for medical use. The NIRS-ECR ion source has a single closed ECR stage, and a microwave frequency of 10 GHz is applied. Under the present performance, the output electrical currents of the ions are 2500 eμA for He1+, 300 eμA for C2+, 480 eμA for Ne3+, and 110 eμA for Ar6+. Stability of the intensity is better than 2%. The transmission efficiency through a low-energy beam-transport line with an acceptance of 200 πmm mrad is more than 70%; the typical 50% and 90% emittances of the injection beam with 8 keV/u are 20 and 80 πmm mrad, respectively. These performances satisfy the requirements for radiotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145071
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical investigation of growth mode of Ge thin films on Si(110) substrates (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 785-787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A unique growth mode of Ge on Si(110) substrates was clarified by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A spectral redshift and an increase of the relative no-phonon intensity were found for PL from the two-dimensional Ge layer on Si(110) compared to that on Si(100). These results likely arise from nonuniformity in the Ge layer thickness owing to the step-bunched Si(110) surface and resultant exciton localization. The two-dimensional to three-dimensional growth mode changeover was observed as evidenced by emergence of broad PL from Ge islands. In contrast to Ge on Si(100) PL from the wetting layer was found to show continuous redshift with increasing Ge coverage even after Ge island formation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119645
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abrupt Si/Ge interface formation using atomic hydrogen in Si molecular beam epitaxy (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2975-2977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compositional abruptness of strained Si/Ge heterointerfaces grown by solid source Si molecular beam epitaxy under supply of atomic hydrogen (AH) was investigated using secondary ion mass spectrometry and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Systematic variation of growth temperature and AH exposure pressure revealed that Ge segregation length is a steadily decreasing function of AH coverage on the growth surface. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112481
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHOLESTEROL, CHOLESTEROL ESTERS AND CHOLESTEROL ESTERASE IN THE SCIATIC NERVE DURING DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHICK (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Changes in the contents of cholesterol and cholesterol ester and in the activity of cholesterol esterase (EC 3.1.1.13) in the sciatic nerve of the chick during development were measured. The ratio of cholesterol ester/cholesterol was an inverse function of the activity of the esterase (i.e. when the ratio was high, the activity of the enzyme was low, and vice versa). The synthesis of cholesterol esterase was inhibited after addition of actinomycin D both in ovo and in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1971.tb11973.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histological aspects and role of mast cells in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastritis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Mast cells are one of the main pro-inflammatory cells, while their knowledge in Helicobacter pylori infection has not been summarized.Methods : We reviewed studies on mast cells in H. pylori infection, and summarized the histological aspects and roles.Results : The density of mast cells is greater in H. pylori-infected than in non-infected subjects. Increased mast cell density in infected gastritis significantly decreases after eradication. On electron microscopy, mast cells in infected gastric mucosa show degranulation. Some experimental studies demonstrate that mast cells are degranulated with H. pylori-derived products.Conclusions : Mast cells are actively involved in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-infected gastritis. The possible roles are to initiate and promote the formation of oedema through degranulated and secreted mediators, and to release multiple chemotactic factors, which induce inflammatory cells to infiltrate to the site of oedema, showing acute inflammatory changes. Mast cells also stimulate the degradation of pericellular matrices and the growth of cells in their vicinity, and thereby promote tissue turnover. In chronic H. pylori infection, these reactions continue until the bacteria are eradicated. Mast cells may act both to maintain gastritis and to repair tissue damage in H. pylori-infected chronic gastritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01974.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oesophageal adenocarcinoma or gastric cancer with or without eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in chronic atrophic gastritis patients: a hypothetical opinion from a systematic review (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : As chronic atrophic gastritis is a precancerous condition for gastric cancer and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection halts chronic gastritis, eradication of infection may prevent gastric cancer. However, as chronic atrophic gastritis is a risk factor for reflux oesophagitis after eradication of infection, the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma may also increase.Methods : We systematically reviewed papers and estimated the expected annual incidence of oesophageal or gastric cancer with and without eradication of H. pylori infection in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.Results : The expected annual incidence of gastric cancer in patients with corpus atrophy with persistent infection was at least 5.8-fold higher than that for oesophageal adenocarcinoma after the eradication of infection at all ages. Even for patients with accompanying reflux oesophagitis or Barrett's oesophagus, the expected incidence of either gastric or oesophageal adenocarcinoma with persistent infection was higher than that of oesophageal adenocarcinoma after eradication of infection.Conclusion : If eradication of infection lowers the incidence of gastric cancer, it should be recommended for patients with corpus atrophy at all ages irrespective of the presence of reflux oesophagitis or Barrett's oesophagus, especially in populations having a high prevalence of gastric cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01975.x
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