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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate metabolism and uraemia — Mechanisms for glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 1051-1064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glukoseintoleranz ; Hormonresistenz ; Urämie ; Glykogenolyse ; Glukoneogenese ; Proteasen ; Glucose intolerance ; Hormone resistance ; Uraemia ; Glycogenolysis ; Gluconeogenesis ; Proteases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism during acute uraemia are characterized by the degradation of liver and muscle glycogen with a simultaneous activation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. After binephrectomy, the substitution of essential amino acids and keto analogues stimulate liver, but not skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis. Serine proves to be an optimal substrate for liver gluconeogenesis and muscle glycogen generation under acute uraemic conditions. Propranolol does not influence glycogenolysis of skeletal muscle in acutely uraemic rats. During starvation, acute uraemia leads to an increase of total carbohydrate content as well as of glycogen and glucose concentrations in heart muscle Alterations in carbohydrate contents are not observed in the kidney after ureter ligation. Enhanced glycogenolysis of skeletal muscle and liver during acute uraemia may be due to activation of phosphorylase kinase caused by the increased serum concentrations of various hormones (glucagon, catecholamines, parathormone) as well as free proteolytic activity, an increase of intracellular Ca2+-concentration and finally by alterations in the structure of contractile proteins.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Störungen des Kohlenhydratstoffwechsels bei akuter Urämie sind charakterisiert durch den Abbau von Leber- und Muskelglykogen bei gleichzeitiger Aktivierung der hepatischen Glukoneogenese. Die Substitution essentieller Aminosäuren und Ketosäuren führt nach bilateraler Nephrektomie in der Leber zu einer Stimulierung der Glykogensynthese, ein Effekt, der an der Skelettmuskulatur ausbleibt. Serin erweist sich unter den Bedingungen einer akuten Urämie als optimales Substrat für die Glukoneogenese der Leber und zeigt eine anabole Wirkung auf den Muskelglykogenstoffwechsel. Propranolol läßt die Glykogenolyse der Skelettmuskulatur bei akut urämischen Ratten unbeeinflußt. Unter Nüchternbedingungen kommt es bei akuter Urämie im Herzmuskel zu einem Anstieg des Gesamtkohlenhydratgehaltes, insbesondere von Glykogenund Glukosekonzentration. Änderungen der Kohlenhydratgehalte sind in der Niere nach Ureterligatur nicht nachweisbar. Als Ursachen der erhöhten Glykogenolyse der Skelettmuskulatur und Leber bei akuter Urämie kommt die Aktivierung von Phosphorylase-Kinase durch erhöhte Serumkonzentrationen verschiedener Hormone (Glukagon, Katecholamine, Parathormon) sowie durch freie proteolytische Enzyme, einen Anstieg der intrazellulären Ca2+-Konzentration und Strukturänderungen kontraktiler Proteine in Betracht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476876
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calciumantagonisten in der Therapie der Hypertonie (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 633-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcium antagonists ; Nifedipine ; Verapamil ; Diltiazem ; Effects in experimental and essential hypertension ; Side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calcium antagonists (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem) are potent vascular smooth muscle relaxants. Experimental and clinical investigations provide growing evidence that they are effective in acute and (sub)chronic therapy of arterial hypertension by lowering peripheral vascular resistance and improvement of altered hemodynamics — independent from pathogenesis of hypertension. Due to its prompt and profound hypotensive action, sublingual or oral nifedipine has been used successfully in hypertensive crises. The hypotensive effect usually correlates closely with the severity of hypertension and is nearly absent in normotensive controls. Since the blood pressure drop may occasionally result in absolute or relative hypotension, the initial dose should be as low as possible. The activation of the adrenergic and renin angiotensin systems seen after nifedipine administration is less pronounced after chronic administration of the drug and is nearly absent after verapamil and diltiazem. Plasma aldosterone concentrations remain constant or are slightly decreased. In contrast to classic vasodilators, the long-term administration of calcium antagonists usually does not result in tachycardia (nifedipine), but slight sinus bradycardia (verapamil, diltiazem). Peripheral edema may occasionally occur after nifedipine. A tolerance has been observed during long-term treatment of hypertension. Combining these drugs (verapamil, diltiazem) with betablockers is not recommended due to the negative inotropic and bathmotropic effects. Simultaneous administration of nifedipine and beta-blockers enhances the hypotensive action, but favours the development of peripheral edema and in rare cases (especially in severe coronary heart disease) results in a dramatic drop in blood pressure and/or congestive heart failure. Further clinical evaluation and long-term trials of calcium antagonists as antihypertensive agents will be needed before definite conclusions can be drawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01487579
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Veränderungen des Proteinausscheidungsspektrums im menschlichen Parotisspeichel im Verlauf des Menstruationszyklus (1980)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 227 (1980), S. 658-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The behaviour of different protein fractions in human parotid saliva at different times of the menstrual cycle was investigated. The effects of oral contraceptives were also examined. One protein fraction with a molecular weight of 49,000 daltons increased significantly at midcycle. This phenomenon was not seen in females on oral contraceptives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00467647
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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