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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression and cellular localisation of diamine oxidase in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 62-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050275
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimierung des Lastflusses in elektrischen Energieversorgungsnetzen mittels Zufallszahlen (1983)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 66 (1983), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents The optimization method, described in part 1, will be applied on the load flow in electrical power transmission systems. The criteria of optimization and the objective function, founded from this, will be treated. The execution of the computation of optimization especially the choice of the break off criteria will be described. The mode of operation of the program for optimization will be shown with the help of typical examples. In normal conditions the method needs about twice the computating time compared with the gradient method. But the structure is very easy and it is flexible in the choice of the objective function and the consideration of constraints, which are allowed to contain steps. The program can be used as well in system operation as in system planning and outage studies.
    Notes: Übersicht Das in Teil 1 beschriebene Optimierungsverfahren wird nun auf den Lastfluß in elektrischen Energieversorgungsnetzen angewandt. Dazu werden die Optimierungskriterien und die daraus zu bildende Zielfunktion behandelt. Die Durchführung der Optimierungsrechnung, insbesondere die Wahl der Abbruchkriterien, werden beschrieben. Die Funktionsweise des Optimierungsprogramms wird an typischen Beispielen gezeigt. In normalen Fällen benötigt das Verfahren etwa die doppelte Rechenzeit gegenüber den Gradientenverfahren. Es ist aber sehr einfach aufgebaut und flexibel in der Wahl der Zielfunktion und der Berücksichtigung von Nebenbedingungen, die auch Sprünge enthalten dürfen. Das Programm kann sowohl im Netzbetrieb als auch bei Planungsrechnungen und Netzausfallsimulation eingesetzt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01583897
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimierung des Lastflusses in elektrischen Energieversorgungsnetzen mittels Zufallszahlen (1983)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 66 (1983), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents In electrical power transmission systems exists the problem to allocate the power to the power plants and transformer tap setting every moment so that the consumer can be supplied with electrical energy in the best way. In this paper a nonlinear optimization method will be described, which changes the control parameters in a small region with the help of random numbers and which checks, whether the objective funktion is improved. In this case the new value of the control parameters will be used as a starting point for the next random variation. This will be continued as long as the optimum is reached, this means, that the program cannot find a better value for the objective function. The strategy for that purpose will be shown.
    Notes: Übersicht In elektrische Versorgungsnetzen besteht die Aufgabe, die Leistungen der Kraftwerke und die Stelltransformatoren zu jedem Zeitpunkt so einzustellen, daß die Verbraucher optimal mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein nichtlineares Optimierungsverfahren beschrieben, das die Steuervariablen mittels Zufallszahlen in einem kleinen Bereich verändert und überprüft, ob die Zielfunktion der Optimierung verbessert wurde. Ist dies der Fall, werden die neuen Werte der Steuervariablen als Ausgangspunkt für die nächste zufällige Variation verwendet. Dies wird solange fortgesetzt, bis das Optimum erreicht ist, daran zu erkennen, daß keine Verbesserung mehr gefunden werden kann. Die dabei anzuwendende Strategie wird aufgezeigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01583896
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new inrush detection method for transformer differential protection (1992)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 76 (1992), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Übersicht Die üblicherweise benützte Blockierung beim Einschalten eines Transformators beruht auf der Bewertung der zweiten Harmonischen in den Strömen. Dieses Prinzip kann nicht immer den Transformatorvergleichsschutz in allen drei Phasen blockieren. Dagegen kann ein Transformator in allen Fällen ohne Fehlauslösung eingeschaltet werden, wenn die Blockierung aus der Harmonischen der magnetischen Feldstärke des Kerns abgeleitet wird. Eine neue Methode wird vorgestellt, wie die Homopolarkomponente der Grundschwingung und der zweiten Harmonischen näherungsweise berechnet werden kann. Die benötigten Anteile der Feldstärken können damit aus den Differenzströmen ermittelt werden. Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren wurde auf einer industriell gefertigten Schutzkarte implementiert. Die Überprüfung des Verfahrens erfolgte mit Berechnungsverfahren und durch Messungen im Labor.
    Notes: Contents The long-used restraining principle, based on the detection of 2nd harmonics in the currents, can not always satisfactorily meet the demand of blocking the transformer differential protection for all three phases, because the line currents are not the direct image of the core saturation. The differential protection may become inadequate. A transformer can however be switched on for all cases, without the false or fail-safe tripping, when the harmonic restraint is derived from the magnetic field strength of the core. If a delta-connected winding is present, the magnetic field strengths can not be easily recognized in the line currents, because their zero-sequence component is distorted. A new method is presented, which can estimate the fundamental and the 2nd harmonic of this zero-sequence component. The components of the magnetic field strength can therefore be determined in currents only, whose ratio is known to be characteristic for the core saturation. The proposed method was implemented on an industrial protection system based on a microprocessor and was tested on data obtained from computer-simulation and a model transformer in a laboratory. It turned out that the proposed method performed well on all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01451989
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vacuolar myelopathy with multinucleated giant cells in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 497-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) ; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ; Immunocytochemistry ; Vacuolar myelopathy ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vacuolar myelopathy (VM) is a frequent neurological complication of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A suspected connection between VM and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been based only on HIV isolation from affected spinal cord tissue. We report here an AIDS patient dying after 14 months of progressive dementia, including 3 months of spinal signs and symptoms. At autopsy, the brain revealed moderate diffuse damage of the white matter compatible with HIV-induced progressive diffuse leukoencephalopathy. The spinal cord showed VM mainly in the lateral and the posterior columns. Mono- and multinucleated macrophages were localized within intramyelinic and periaxonal vacuoles. Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of HIV antigens restricted to mono- and multinucleated macrophages within the spongy lesions. Productive HIV infection is documented for the first time within VM lesions of this case. Therefore, VM should be included among HIV-induced lesions of the central nervous system. The intimate relation of infected macrophages to vacuolar myelinopathy could suggest secretion of a myelinotoxic factor by macrophages productively infected by HIV. Immune electron microscopy appears as promising tool to detect HIV in tissue even when the density of virus may be low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687711
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen: its role in determination of proliferation in routinely processed human brain tumor specimens (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 582-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cell kinetics ; Cell cycle ; Brain tumor ; Cell proliferation ; Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alcohol- and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of 71 brain tumors (35 gliomas, 22 metastatic carcinomas, 8 meningiomas and 6 other tumors) were investigated by immunocytochemistry with three different monoclonal antibodies against proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/cyclin (19A2; 19F4; PC10). PC10 was found to work best; it is applicable to both alcohol- and formalin-fixed tumor samples. PCNA labeling indices (LIs) were compared in the same tumors with LIs obtained by Ki-67 immunostaining of frozen sections and by in vitro incubation with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd); in the latter preparations, BrdUrd LIs could be compared with PCNA LIs in the very same areas of serial sections. In gliomas, PCNA LIs were 0.7–80.2% (mean 31.7%), in metastases 0–76.0% (mean 47.8%), and in meningiomas 0–53.0% (mean 19.3%). In general, PCNA LIs were highly significantly correlated with Ki-67 LIs (P=0.0002) and BrdUrd LIs (P=0.0001). However, when tumor subgroups are considered, only gliomas show a significant correlation with Ki-67 and BrdUrd LIs. Despite this statistical correlation, PCNA expression was out of proportion to proliferation indices as determined by both other methods in almost one third of all brain tumors. Immunocytochemistry for PCNA produces a broad spectrum of staining intensity of labeled nuclei, whose number is dependent upon the sensitivity of the immunocytochemical technique used. Thus, inter-oberserver and inter-laboratory variabilities in PCNA LI determination may occur. Overlapping of PCNA LIs between tumor subgroups of varying malignancy further limits the informational value for the individual case. In some classic meningiomas, high PCNA scores do not reflect the proliferative activity of the tumor, as Ki-67 and BrdUrd LIs are very low in these cases. We conclude that PCNA immunolabeling is of limited value in the individual tumor, mainly due to overexpression in many tumors, and at present cannot be recommended to replace Ki-67 and/or BrdUrd labeling methods for routine determination of proliferative activity in human tumor specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294296
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region proteins (Ag-NORs) in human brain tumors: relations with grade of malignany and proliferation indices (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 156-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cell kinetics ; Cell cycle ; Brain tumor ; Cell proliferation ; Nucleolar organizer region proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Proliferation indices and mean number of silver-stained nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (Ag-NORs) are compared in 65 brain tumors, including 34 gliomas, 8 meningiomas, 17 metastatic tumors, and 6 other tumors. Immunocytochemical investigations include labeling with the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 which identifies the whole growth fraction, and with a monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) which detects cells in the S phase of the cell cycle after in vitro incubation with BrdUrd. When all types of tumors are collectively considered, mean numbers of Ag-NORs did not correlate with Ki-67 and Brd-Urd labeling indices (LIs) and mitotic index. Among tumor subtypes, only meningiomas showed significant correlations between Ag-NOR counts, LIs, and malignancy. Mean number of Ag-NORs did not correlate with proliferation indices and tumor grade in low-grade and high-grade gliomas. However, recurrent high-grade gliomas showed a tendency to higher Ag-NOR counts than primary tumors. This study indicates that counting of Ag-NORs in paraffin sections is of limited value in tumor neuropathology. Correlations found in meningeal tumors should be substantiated in larger series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308919
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of chromogranin B-like immunoreactivity in the human hippocampus and its changes in Alzheimer’s disease (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Human brain ; Hippocampus ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Chromogranin B ; Synapse loss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Synapse loss is crucially involved in cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study was performed to investigate the distribution and density of chromogranin B-like immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of control compared to AD brain. Chromogranin B is a large precursor molecule found in large dense-core vesicles. For immunocytochemistry we used an antiserum raised against a synthetic peptide (PE-11) present in the chromogranin B molecule. Chromogranin B-like immunoreactivity was concentrated in the terminal field of mossy fibers, the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and in layer II of the entorhinal cortex. In AD, chromogranin B was detected in neuritic plaques. The density of chromogranin B-like immunoreactivity was significantly reduced in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and in layers II, III and V of the entorhinal cortex in AD brains. The present study demonstrates that chromogranin B is a marker for human hippocampal pathways. It is particularly suitable for studying nerve fibers terminating at the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. It is present in neuritic plaques, and its density is reduced in a layer-specific manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010000239
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of cellular interactions in density-dependent inhibition of 3T3 Cell proliferation (1982)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 9 (1982), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Cellular population dynamics ; Intercellular interaction ; Inhibition of proliferation ; 3T3 cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Subpopulations of different proliferative status are determined during cell-density dependent proliferation of 3T3 cells. From these data the probability of conversion of proliferative to quiescent cells is derived and found to correlate well with published data on binding of growth-inhibiting factors secreted from growth-inhibited cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539104
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Verapamil on ionized calcium excretion in human parotid saliva (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 7-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Verapamil ; salivary calcium ; ionized calcium ; parotid gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of Verapamil on ionized calcium transport in the parotid gland and duct system was investigated in eight male volunteers. Transepithelial Ca++-transport was inhibited, as shown by markedly enhanced excretion of calcium in parotid saliva.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644959
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