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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN α-ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTS AND THE CENTRAL HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT OF CLONIDINE IN RATS, RABBITS AND DOGS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 7 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The interactions between five α-adrenoceptor blocking agents and clonidine have been studied in rats, rabbits and dogs after intracisternal injections.2. Dibozane, ethomoxane, azapetine, dibenamine and thymoxamine reduced blood pressure in rats and an antagonism of the hypotensive effects of clonidine was detected for the first four drugs.3. In rabbits, azapetine, dibenamine, dibozane and ethomoxane were hypotensive while thymoxamine had no effect on blood pressure. Dibozane and dibenamine reduced the hypotensive effect of clonidine.4. In dogs, azapetine, dibozane and ethomoxane reduced blood pressure, while dibenamine induced an increase in blood pressure and thymoxamine was without effect. Only dibenamine antagonized the blood pressure lowering effect of clonidine. A definite conclusion could not be drawn with azapetine due to its long duration of action in both rabbits and dogs.5. These results suggest that the central receptors involved in the hypotensive effect of clonidine differ from many other central receptors and vary according to the animal species. In addition the a-adrenoceptor blocking agents appear not to have a unique site and mechanism of action on central cardiovascular control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1980.tb00083.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wollen wir ein Impfprogramm? (2000)
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 43 (2000), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001030050001
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemische Untersuchungen über das Verhalten der sauren Mukopolysaccharide bei Wundheilung der lamellierenden Keratoplastik (1980)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 213 (1980), S. 149-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden histochemische Untersuchungen über Veränderungen der sauren Mukopolysaccharide bei lamellierenden Keratoplastiken am Kaninchenauge durchgeführt mit der Toluidinblau-Metachromasie an unfixierten Gefrierschnitten in einer aufsteigenden pH-Reihe von 3,8 bis 5,2. Während sich die metachromatische Reaktion im Transplantat bei Autokeratoplastiken nach 14 Tagen und bei Homokeratoplastiken nach 21 Tagen normalisiert hat, kommt es im seitlichen Narbengebiet zwischen Transplantat und Empfängerhornhaut zu einer bleibenden Verminderung der Metachromasie. Im unteren waagerechten Wund- beziehungsweise Narbengebiet zeigen sich während der Wundheilungsvorgänge in einem Zeitraum zwischen 1 Tag und 6 Monaten keine auffälligen Veränderungen der Metachromasie. Bei längerer Verweildauer der Nylonfäden kommt es zu einer dauernden Verminderung der metachromatischen Reaktion im lamellären Transplantat.
    Notes: Abstract Histochemical investigations were carried out in a series of toluidine blue preparations of pH 3.8–5.2 of unfixed frozen corneal sections of lamellar keratoplasties in rabbit eyes to show alterations in the pattern of acid mucopolysaccharides during wound healing. The metachromasia in lamellar auto- and homokeratoplasties is mainly reduced in the region of the vertical hostgraft junction. When using virgin silk the zone of reduced metachromasia in the vertical junction is broader compared with a 9/0-Nylon suture. The metachromasia of the lamellar transplant becomes normal in autokeratoplasties (Table 1) after a fortnight and in homokeratoplasties after 3 weeks; otherwise the metachromasia during the wound healing shows no significant difference in auto- and homokeratoplasties. The normal pattern of mucopolysaccharides in the corneal stroma does not return in the vertical host-graft junction, but this scar becomes smaller over a period of time (Fig. 3, 4, 5). There are no significant alterations of metachromasia found in the horizontal host-graft junction during wound healing between 1 day and 6 months, but starting from the 7th day after the lamellar keratoplasty using PAS-stain a small more PAS-intensive coloured line in the horizontal host-graft junction which is still there 6 months after the operation (Fig. 1, 2). When the 9/0 Nylon suture remains for 3 months, corneal vascularisation develops predominantly in the horizontal junction between host and lamellar graft. The graft becomes cloudy and the metachromasia remains reduced as long as 9 months after the suture has been removed (Table 2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410984
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mehr Rechtssicherheit beim Impfen? Ein Diskussionsbeitrag (2000)
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 43 (2000), S. 519-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001030070037
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of some α-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on the guinea-pig ileum (1980)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 314 (1980), S. 83-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Guinea-pig ileum ; Presynaptic α-adrenoceptors ; Clonidine ; Morphine ; α-Adrenoceptor blocking agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present study was to further characterize the α-adrenoceptors located on parasympathetic fibres. Segments of guinea-pig ileum were stimulated by transmural electrical pulses, and the ensuing contractions, which are due to the release of acetylcholine from postganglionic parasympathetic fibres, were monitored. Clonidine and tramazoline, which are thought to act preferentially on presynaptic α-adrenoceptors, reduced the contractions, whereas phenylephrine and methoxamine, postsynaptic α-adrenoceptor agonists, were ineffective. Contractions induced by acetylcholine were not changed by clonidine but were abolished by atropine. Yohimbine, piperoxan, phentolamine and thymoxamine reversed or prevented the inhibitory effect of clonidine. Prazosin and AR-C239 did not antagonize this effect. The inhibitory effect of tramazoline was antagonized by piperoxan but not by AR-C239 or by prazosin. Naloxone did not alter the action of clonidine, and piperoxan did not change the inhibitory effect of morphine. In conclusion, these experiments suggest the presence on cholinergic postganglionic fibres of both opiate receptors and α-adrenoceptors. The latter appear to resemble more closely α1-adrenoceptors than α1-adrenoceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498434
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impfkonzepte (2000)
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 33 (2000), S. 560-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Impfziele ; Impfplan ; Impferfolg ; Unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen des Impfens ; Keywords Vaccination aims ; Vaccination programs ; Vaccination success ; Undesirable side effects of vaccination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Vaccination is one of the most powerful strategies in medical prevention. Although wide-scale vaccination programs have failed in the German population, real opponents to vaccination in our country are in the minority. An adequate vaccination protocol is important not only medically, but also cost-effective from a public health perspective. The lack of a vaccination programs as in other European countries represents a major, critical deficiency which should be rectified in Germany.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kaum eine andere Maßnahme wie die Impfung hat größeren präventiven medizinischen Charakter. Während eine Durchimpfung der Bevölkerung in Deutschland in vielen Bereichen nicht gelungen ist, sind tatsächliche Impfgegner in unserem Lande nur in einer Minderheit vorhanden. Gute Impfkonzepte sind nicht nur aus medizinischer Sicht richtig, sondern in der gesellschaftlichen Betrachtung auch kosteneffizient. Der Mangel in unserem Land ist, dass ein Impfprogramm fehlt, wie es in anderen Ländern, auch in Europa, bereits vorliegt. Aus diesem Grunde muss ein Impfkonzept in Deutschland durchgesetzt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001290050602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vesicular forebrain (pseudo-aprosencephaly): a missing link in the teratogenetic spectrum of the defective brain anlage and its discrimination from aprosencephaly (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Holoprosencephaly ; Aprosencephaly ; Pseudo-aprosencephaly ; Teratology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two cases out of a sample of 41 fetuses and infants with prosencephalic malformation, observed at the Institute of Pathology and Department of Neuropathology of the University of Heidelberg, are described here in detail. These cases presented grossly with microcephaly and missing forebrain, appearing to be cases of aprosencephaly. However, in one of these cases glio-mesenchymal membranes with an ependymal outline, consistent with the microscopic appearance of the dorsal sac membrane in holoprosencephaly and obviously representing remnants of a collapsed primitive prosencephalic vesicle, could be demonstrated. In the other case only hindbrain structures, with the exception of the cerebellum, were present without any demonstrable remnants of a prosencephalon. We propose that the microscopic specification of a primitive prosencephalic vesicle in the first case and similar cases does not justify the diagnosis of atelencephaly/aprosencephaly because the prosencephalon was not really missing (pseudo-aprosencephaly). The prosencephalic anlage had been formed but remained vesicular without further differentiation of a holospheric brain mantle as in common holoprosencephaly (‘vesicular forebrain’). We believe that pseudo-aprosencephaly represents the most primitive form of holoprosencephaly, in which the forebrain remains as a complete sac, linking classical holoprosencephaly with ‘true’ aprosencephaly, i.e., defective prosencephalic anlage due to developmental arrest. The ‘vesicular forebrain’ allows one to extend the classification of Probst by an additional category which might be termed complete sac category, intercalated between the dorsal sac category and ‘true’ atelencephaly/aprosencephaly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007438
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiological Investigation of Nine Respiratory Pathogens in Hospitalized Children in Germany Using Multiplex Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (2000)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 19 (2000), S. 336-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The aim of this study was to generate urgently needed data on respiratory pathogens in German children using an economical and efficient tool. Nasopharyngeal aspirates of hospitalized children 0–16 years of age with an acute respiratory tract infection were tested by a nine-valent multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Of 1281 children, 449 (35%) had an acute respiratory tract infection caused by at least one of the organisms studied; there were 29 cases of dual infection. At least 34–42% of severe acute respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years of age were caused by viruses. In children over 5 years of age, this proportion was 23% (P〈0.001). Infection during the first 2 years of life was most frequently due to respiratory syncytial virus (n=162 cases). Parainfluenza virus type 3 (n=22) and type 1 (n=14) were detected almost exclusively in children under 5 years of age. Influenza A (n=90) and adenoviruses (n=98) were prevalent in all age groups. The frequency of influenza B virus isolation (n=17) rose significantly after the age of 5 years. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (n=24 cases, 5.2%) was most frequent in 5- to 16-year-old patients. Only one case of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection was found. Since the distribution of pathogens within the different types of lower respiratory tract infections is very similar, it seems that host factors determine which form of lower respiratory tract infection develops in an individual patient. The multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction may, in the future, become an important tool for epidemiological studies as well as for individual diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100960050490
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of spin observables in neutron-proton elastic scattering (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 17 (2000), S. 67-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The spin correlation parameters $A_{oonn}, A_{ooss}, A_{oosk}, A_{ookk}$ and the analyzing power $A_{oono}$ have been measured in free np elastic scattering at kinetic energies of 260, 315, 380, 460 and 535 MeV in the c.m. angle range from 60° to 164°. The experiment was performed at the Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI) using a polarized neutron beam with continuous energy incident on a polarized proton target. These data will contribute significantly to the determination of the isospin I=0 nucleon-nucleon amplitudes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520000464
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of spin observables in neutron-proton elastic scattering (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 17 (2000), S. 83-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A double scattering experiment, performed at the Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), has measured a large variety of spin observables for free np elastic scattering from 260 to 535 MeV in the c.m. angle range from 60° to 164°. Results are presented for the depolarization parameters $D_{onon}, D_{os''os} and $D_{os''ok}$ , the polarization transfer parameters $K_{onno}, K_{os''so}$ and $K_{os''ko}$ , and the 3-index parameters $N_{onkk}, N_{os''kn}, N_{os''sn}$ and $N_{os'ʼns}$ . The last four parameters have been measured for the first time in this energy range. These measurements considerably improve the data base available for neutron-proton scattering and will allow a direct reconstruction of the I = 0 scattering matrix, providing complete information about the nucleon-nucleon interaction in a model-independent way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520000465
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