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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Oxford journal of archaeology 4 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-0092
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Archaeology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 8 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Photosynthesis by aquatic plants based on the supply of CO2 from air-equilibrated solutions may be limited by the low diffusion coefficient of CO2 in water. For plants in which the transport of CO2 from the bulk medium is by diffusion, and the initial carboxylation uses RUBISCO, CO2 supply can be increased by growth in habitats with fast water flow over the surface (reducing unstirred layer thickness), or with heterotrophically-augmented CO2 levels, including the direct use of sediment CO2. Many aquatic plants using RUBISCO as their initial carboxylase counter the limitations on CO2 supply via the operation of biophysical CO2 concentrating mechanisms which are based on active transport of HCO−3, CO2 or H+ at the plasmalemma, and use bulk-phase HCO−3 or CO2 as the C source. A final group of aquatic plants use biochemical CO2 concentrating mechanisms based on auxiliary carboxylation by PEPc: C4-like and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism–like processes are involved. These various mechanisms for increasing CO2 supply to RUBISCO also help to offset the low specific reaction rate of aquatic plant RUBISCOs at low [CO2] and low [CO2]: [CO2]. In addition to overcoming restrictions on CO2 supply, the various methods of increasing inorganic C availability may also be important in alleviating shortages of nitrogen or photons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 177-179 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline clearance ; age ; adult age range ; normal subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty volunteers aged between 20 and 57 years were given 197 mg of theophylline (as lysine theophylline) by iv infusion over 5 minutes to test the hypothesis that within the adult age range theophylline clearance declines with age. Samples were assayed for theophylline using the EMIT assay and clearance was determined by standard methods. Clearance values were 0.73 ml/min/kg below age 38 years and 0.75 ml/min/kg at and above age 38 years. Multiple regression analysis using age as a continuous variable showed no relationship between age and clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 253-255 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: disopyramide ; flecainide ; myocardial infarction ; drug plasma binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the serum basic drugs are principally bound to alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG). Following acute myocardial infarction it has been shown that the levels of AAG rise. The serum levels of total protein, albumin, AAG and the protein binding of 2 antiarrhythmic drugs which are bases, disopyramide and flecainide, was measured in vitro with blood samples from eleven patients taken over the first 5 days following myocardial infarction. Mean AAG levels significantly increased from 1.04 g/l on Day 1 to 1.80 g/l on Day 5. The binding of disopyramide, which is highly bound, rose from 80% to 87%, representing a 35% decrease in free drug concentration. In contrast the binding of flecainide fell from 61% to 53%, a 20% increase in free drug concentration. These data suggest that although the binding of strongly bound drugs responds appropriately to increases in binding protein after acute myocardial infarction, poorly bound drugs are displaced from binding sites possibly by endogenous substances. Since the pharmacological effects of a drug are related to its free (unbound) concentration, the changes in the proportions of free to bound drug after myocardial infarction may have important clinical implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 11 (1987), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Methyl methocrylate Heat of polymerisation ; Small bones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de ce travail est d'étudier les effets thermiques de la polymérisation sur les petits os longs. Les résultats montrent seulement, durant la prise du ciment, une élevation modérée de la température dans la cavité médullaire de ces os. L'élévation maximale (11° 7) est dans les limites de tolérance des cellules osseuses vivantes. Il a été démontré que les petites quantités de méthyl-métacrylate refroidissent plus rapidement, donc que diminuent davantage les effets nuisibles de la chaleur. Les examens histologiques ne montrent aucune altération due aux effets thermiques de la polymérisation du méthyl-métacrylate sur les petits os longs ni sur les tissus de recouvrement.
    Notes: Summary This study was designed to investigate the thermal effects of polymerization on small tubular bones. The results demonstrated only a slight increase in temperature during cement-curing in the medullary canals of these bones. The maximum rise (11.7° C) was within the levels of tolerance for living bone cells. It was demonstrated that the small volumes of methyl-methacrylate cool more rapidly, hence further decreasing the deleterious effects of heat. The histological studies showed no recognisable adverse reaction to the thermal effects of methyl-methacrylate polymerization on small tubular bones or on the overlying tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A strain of R. phaseoli cured of its symbiotic plasmid, pRP2JI, retained the ability to make exopolysaccharide (EPS). However, a region of pRP2JI, when cloned at an increased copy number in wide host-range vectors and transferred to this and other strains of Rhizobium, inhibited EPS synthesis. The gene responsible was termed psi (polysaccharide inhibition) and was located in a region of the symbiotic plasmid close to nodulation and nitrogen fixation genes. psi is important in the symbiosis since a wild-type strain containing psi cloned on a multicopy plasmid failed to form Phaseolus nodules, and mutant strains containing psi::Tn5 mutations failed to fix nitrogen in Phaseolus nodules. It is proposed that the function of psi may be to repress in the bacteriod the expression of genes such as those for EPS synthesis which are normally expressed in free-living culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The special ability of Rhizobium leguminosarum strain TOM to nodulate cv. Afghanistan peas had previously been shown to be determined by the symbiotic plasmid, pRL5JI, of this strain. A region of pRL5JI, 2.0 kb in size, was found to confer the ability to nodulate cv. Afghanistan peas when transferred to strains of R. leguminosarum which normally fail to nodulate this host. This region of pRL5JI, responsible for the extension of host-range, was closely linked to, but did not include, the genes required for root hair curling. Although extensive homology has been found between the R. leguminosarum nod genes on pRL5JI and those on the normal symbiotic plasmid pRL1JI, a fragment from the 2.0 kb region involved in nodulation of cv. Afghanistan has been identified, which was not homologous to DNA in strains which do not nodulate cv. Afghanistan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Gene regulation ; Melanin synthesis ; Nitrogen fixation ; Phaseolus beans ; Rhizobium phaseoli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The symbiotic plasmid pRP2JI of Rhizobium phaseoli strain 8002 was shown to contain two separate regions of DNA which are required and sufficient for the synthesis of the pigment melanin. One of these regions containing the class II mel gene(s) was located to other genes involved in nodulation and in nitrogen fixation. Mutations in this region abolished both the ability to synthesize melanin and to fix nitrogen in Phaseolus bean root nodules. Mutations in the other, unlinked region, containing class I mel gene(s), also abolished melanin synthesis but did not affect symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Transcriptional fusions between the class I mel gene and the Escherichia coli lacZ gene were constructed and it was demonstrated that the class II mel gene(s) activated their transcription in free-living culture. Further, strains containing the cloned regulatory class II gene(s) synthesized melanin when growing in minimal medium, in contrast to wild-type strains which became pigmented only in complete medium containing yeast extract and tryptone. It was shown by hybridization experiments that the regulatory mel gene was closely linked to or may correspond to the regulatory nifA gene; a fragment of R. phaseoli DNA which included the class II gene(s) of R. phaseoli hybridized to a previously identified nifA-like gene of R. leguminosarum, the species that nodulates peas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mutant strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum have been isolated in which the transposon Tn5 was inserted into the cloned nodulation genes. The mutant strains were examined for their ability to induce nodules and to induce normal root hair curling on peas. Five distinct classes of nod mutations were identified on the basis of the phenotypes of the various mutant strains, and of the mapped locations of the nod:: Tn5 alleles. Three classes of mutants (I, II and III) were defective in nodulation and two classes (IV and V) were delayed in nodule appearance. Mutations of classes I, II and III types affected root hair curling and a subcloned 6.6 kb fragment of DNA containing this region conferred the ability to induce root hair curling upon a Rhizobium strain deleted of its nod genes. Analysis of protein products formed after in vitro transcription and translation of the plasmid DNA corresponding to the class I, II, III and IV regions indicated that proteins of molecular weights 48,000, 45,000, 36,000 and 34,000 were formed. A comparison of protein products formed by equivalent plasmids carrying nod:: Tn5 alleles indicated that the class I mutations blocked the synthesis of the 45,000 molecular weight peptide and that the two products of molecular weights 36,000 and 34,000 were absent from the class II mutants. It is concluded that at least five nod genes are involved in nodulation and the polypeptide products of some of these genes have been identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Beans ; DNA Sequence ; Gene regulation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A gene termed psi (polysaccharide inhibition), located close to the nodulation genes of the Rhizobium phaseoli symbiotic plasmid pRP2JI inhibited exopolysaccharide synthesis (EPS) and nodulation ability (Nod) in Rhizobium when it was cloned in a multicopy plasmid. The sequence of psi showed that it specified a polypeptide of mol. wt. 10000 that may be associated with the membrane of Rhizobium. A second gene, psr (polysaccharide restoration), was located on pRP2JI. When cloned in multicopy plasmids, psr overcame the EPS and Nod defects in strains carrying multicopy psi. Strains with multicopy psr induced non-fixing nodules on Phaseolus beans. Using gene fusions between psi and lacZ, it was shown that psi inhibited transcription of psr.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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