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  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (14)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1915-1919
  • 2004  (3)
  • 1987  (5)
  • 1986  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil acidification during more than 100 years under permanent grassland and woodland at Rothamsted (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 2 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil samples have been taken periodically from unlimed plots of the 130-year-old Park Grass Experiment and from the 100-year-old Geescroft Wilderness at Rothamsted. Changes in the pH of the samples show how acidification has progressed. The soils are now at, or are approaching, equilibrium pH values which depend on the acidifying inputs and on the buffering capacities of the soils. We have calculated the contributions to soil acidification of natural sources of acidity in the soil, atmospheric deposition, crop growth and nutrient removal, and, where applicable, additions of fertilizers. The relative importance of each source of acidification has changed as the soils have become more acid. Acid rain (wet deposited acidity) is a negligible source, but total atmospheric deposition may comprise up to 30% of acidifying inputs at near neutral soil pH values and more as soil pH decreases. Excepting fertilizers, the greatest causes of soil acidification at or near neutral pH values are the natural inputs of H+ from the dissolution of CO2 and subsequent dissociation of carbonic acid, and the mineralization of organic matter.Under grassland, single superphosphate and small amounts of sodium and magnesium sulphates have had no effect on soil pH, whilst potassium sulphate increased soil acidity slightly. All of these effects are greatly outweighed under grassland, however, by those of nitrogen fertilizers. Against a background of acidification from atmospheric, crop and natural inputs, nitrogen applied as ammonium sulphate decreased soil pH up to a maximum of 1.2 units at a rate in direct proportion to the amount added, and nitrogen applied as sodium nitrate increased soil pH by between 0.5 and 1 unit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1986.tb00669.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the reaction of titanium(III) with (3-cyano-2,4-pentanedionato-N)pentaamminecobalt(III): intramolecular electron transfer between cobalt(III) and titanium(III) (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 25 (1986), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00225a013
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Effects of Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-10 on Superantigen-Induced Expression of Cutaneous Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen and αEβ7 Integrin (CD103) by CD8+ T cells (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The interaction with adhesion molecules expressed by vascular endothelium is the first step in lymphocyte infiltration into tissues. At both cutaneous and mucosal sites interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-12 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are important regulators of chronic inflammatory disease, where cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) and αE integrin (CD103) may be expressed. Unlike CLA, CD103 is not believed to play a role in tissue-specific homing but may help to retain T cells within epithelial layers. We have previously shown that IL-12 alone can together with an unknown cofactor increase the expression of CLA. Stimulation with streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin C (SpeC) increased the expression of CD103 by CD8+ but not CD4+ T cells. While IL-12 increased superantigen-stimulated expression of CLA, this cytokine strongly inhibited the CD103 expression, and a combination of IL-12 and TGF-β completely abrogated the induced CD103 expression. Conversely, IL-10 suppressed CLA but increased CD103 expression.These findings indicate that, in addition to suppressing the development of Th1-mediated inflammatory responses, IL-10 may also inhibit the migration of CD8+ T cells into the skin while IL-12 promotes such migration. Thus, the expression of CLA and CD103 may be antagonistically regulated by IL-10 and IL-12, and the balance between these cytokines could influence the T-cell migration of inflammatory cells into epithelial tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423ab.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation and subcellular distribution of cations in relation to the growth of potassium-deficient barley (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 9 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Georgie) was insensitive to soil K content above about 150 mg kg−1, but at lower levels it declined. The reduction in yield was greater in soils containing approximately 10 mg Na kg−1 than in soils with about 90 mg kg−1 of Na. Growth was unaffected by changes in shoot K concentration above 75 mol m−3, but declined at lower concentrations, and the decrease was less in plants grown in soils with high Na. Growth responses were not simply related to tissue K concentrations because plants grown in soils with extra Na had higher yields but lower K concentrations.When soil Na was low, plants accumulated Ca as tissue K declined, but when Na was provided this ion was accumulated. Plant Mg concentrations were generally low but increased as K decreased. The Ca and Mg were osmotically active. There were highly significant inverse linear relationships between yield and either the Ca or Mg concentrations in the shoots.X-ray microanalysis was used to examine the compartmentation of cations in leaves from barley plants (cv. Clipper) grown in nutrient solutions with high and low K concentrations. In plants grown with 2.5 mol m−3 K, this was the major cation in both the cytoplasm and vacuole of mesophyll cells. However, in plants grown with 0.02 mol m−3 K it declined to undetectable levels in the vacuole, although it was still detectable in the cytoplasm. In all plants, Ca was mainly located in epidermal cells. The implication of the results for explaining responses to K. in terms of compartmentation of solutes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11616346
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The utilization of bicarbonate ions by the macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 9 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A comparison of some of the methods used to determine whether aquatic plants have the ability to utilize bicarbonate ions as a source of inorganic carbon for photosynthesis has been applied to the intertidal macroalga Ascophyllum nodosum. These include: observing photosynthesis at a high pH (below the alga's CO2 compensation point), pH compensation point determinations, comparing the photosynthetic characteristics at low pH (5.20) and at high pH (7.95), estimating the maximal rates at which CO2 can diffuse through the unstirred layer and the rate at which CO2 can be produced from bicarbonate dehydration in the unstirred layer. All indicated that Ascophyllum nodosum can use bicarbonate ions for photosynthesis, though some were not always consistent. Calculating the total inorganic carbon concentration from pH measurements and acidification CO2 determinations revealed that the assumption that the alkalinity remains constant during pH drift experiments is not always valid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11611615
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral Blood T-Cell Responses to Keratin Peptides that Share Sequences with M Proteins are Largely Restricted to Skin-Homing CD8+ T Cells (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc.
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The association of psoriasis with throat infections by streptococcus pyogenes suggests a potential antigenic target for the T cells that are known to infiltrate dermis and epidermis of psoriatic skin. Streptococcal M protein shares an extensive sequence homology with human epidermal keratins. Keratins 16 (K16) and 17 (K17) are mostly absent from uninvolved skin but are upregulated in psoriatic lesions. There is increasing evidence that CD8+ T cells play an important effector role in psoriasis and M protein-primed T cells may recognize these shared epitopes in skin via molecular mimicry. To identify candidate epitopes, peptides with sequences from K17 were selected on the basis of predicted binding to HLA-Cw6 and sequence similarities with M6 protein. Matched peptides from the sequence of M6 protein and a set of peptides with poor predicted binding were also selected. Cw6+ individuals with psoriasis and Cw6+ healthy controls, having a family history of psoriasis, were recruited. PBMCs were incubated with the peptide antigens. T-cell activation in the CD4+, CD8+ and later the skin-homing cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)-expressing subset of CD8+ T cells was evaluated by CD69 expression and intracellular IFN-γ accumulation using flow cytometry. We demonstrate that Cw6+ psoriasis patients had significant CD8+ T-cell IFN-γ responses to peptides from K17 and M6 protein selected on the basis of sequence homology and predicted HLA-Cw*0602 binding. These responses were about 10 times more frequent in the skin-homing cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-expressing (CLA+) subset of CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells showed only borderline responses. CD8+ T cells from Cw6 + nonpsoriatic individuals responded to some M6 peptides but very rarely to K17 peptides, and this also applied to the CLA+CD8+ subset. These findings indicate that psoriatic individuals have CD8+ T cells that recognize keratin self-antigens and that epitopes shared by streptococcal M protein and human keratin may be targets for the CD8+ T cells that infiltrate psoriatic skin lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423f.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ciclosporin in psoriasis clinical practice: an international consensus statement (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 150 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The main recommendations for the use of ciclosporin in the management of psoriasis are: (i) intermittent short courses (average of 12 weeks duration) of ciclosporin are preferable; (ii) ciclosporin should be given in the dose range 2·5–5·0 mg kg−1 day−1 (doses greater than 5·0 mg kg−1 day−1 should only be given in exceptional circumstances); (iii) treatment regimens should be tailored to the needs of each patient; (iv) selection of patients should take into account psychosocial disability, as well as clinical extent of disease and failure of previous treatment; (v) each patient's renal function (as measured by serum creatinine) should be thoroughly assessed before and during treatment; (vi) each patient's blood pressure should be carefully monitored before and during treatment; (vii) adherence to treatment guidelines substantially reduces the risk of adverse events; (viii) long-term continuous ciclosporin therapy may be appropriate in a subgroup of patients; however, duration of treatment should be kept below 2 years whenever possible; and (ix) when long-term continuous ciclosporin therapy is necessary, annual evaluation of glomerular filtration rate may be useful to accurately monitor renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0366-077X.2004.05949.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemical aspects of some accumulation models for primary magmas (1986)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 93 (1986), S. 449-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The compositions of primary magmas depend to some degree on the dynamic processes occurring in the partially molten region of the mantle. The compositional dependence is estimated for three models which assume either accumulation from a migmatized source region or accumulation entirely by the interstitial flow of magma. Accumulation from a migmatised region results in magmas with higher concentrations of incompatible elements than does batch melting, whereas accumulation by interstitial flow results in magmas with lower concentrations of these elements. The concentrations of refractory elements are almost independent of both the accumulation process and the degree of partial melting and are therefore usefull for the identification of primary magmas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371715
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compositional variation of coexisting olivine, orthopyroxene and Fe/Mg-ferrite as a function of T and $$f_{O_2 }$$ : a geothermometer and oxygen-barometer (1986)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 94 (1986), S. 323-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A thermodynamic model is developed that describes the compositional variation of coexisting olivine, orthopyroxene, and ferrite (Fe3O4-MgFe2O4) as a function of $$f_{O_2 }$$ and T. The ferrite phase has a cation distribution which varies from nearly inverse to nearly random with increasing T and is described with a model in which the number of sites per formula unit on which mixing occurs varies from 1.67 to 2.0. Given this model and the equilibrium phase composition data for coexisting olivine and ferrite at 1,300° C of Jamieson and Roeder (1984), the ferrite solution is described to an excellent approximation by a symmetric regular solution model with W ft =+14.0 ±0.3 kJ/mole. Orthopyroxene and olivine non-ideality are also considered. The T-dependence of the equilibrium constant for the oxidation reaction 6Fs+2Mt=6Fa+O2 and the two Fe/Mg exchange reactions between olivine-ferrite and olivine-orthopyroxene, are used to calculate the compositional variation of coexisting phases as a function of $$f_{O_2 }$$ and T. The results are summarized on an isobaric (1 bar) $$f_{O_2 }$$ −1/Tplot with the compositional variation of olivine, ferrite, and orthopyroxene shown by sets of isopleths. The ferrite isopleths intersect those of olivine and orthopyroxene at sufficiently high angles for this assemblage to serve as a sensitive geothermometer and oxygen-barometer. The model is applied to orthopyroxene-ferrite symplectite in coronas around olivine in a metamorphosed gabbro, to olivine-hosted orthopyroxene-ferrite symplectite in unmetamorphosed gabbros and norites and to olivine-hosted orthopyroxene-ferrite symplectites developed within the rims of lherzolite xenoliths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371441
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anhydrous P-T phase relations of near-primary high-alumina basalt from the South Sandwich Islands (1986)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 92 (1986), S. 368-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Anhydrous P-T phase relations, including phase compositions and modes, are reported from 10–31 kbar for a near-primary high-alumina basalt from the South Sandwich Islands in the Scotia Arc. The water content of natural subduction-related basalt is probably 〈0.5 wt.% and thus, these results are relevant to the generation of primary basaltic magmas in subduction zones. At high pressures (〉27 kbar) garnet is the liquidus phase followed by clinopyroxene, then quartz/coesite at lower temperatures. At intermediate pressures (17–27 kbar), clinopyroxene is the liquidus phase followed by either garnet, quartz, plagioclase, then orthopyroxene or plagioclase, quartz, garnet, then orthopyroxene depending on the pressure within this interval. At all lower pressures, plagioclase is the liquidus phase followed at much lower temperatures (∼100° C at 5 kbar) by clinopyroxene. The absence of olivine from the liquidus suggests that the composition studied here could not have been derived from a more mafic parent by olivine fractionation at any pressure investigated, and supports the interpretation that it is primary. If so, these results also preclude an origin for this melt by partial melting of olivine-rich mantle periddotite and suggest instead that it was generated by partial melting of the descending slab (quartz eclogite) leaving clinopyroxene, garnet, or both in the residue. The generally flat REE patterns for low-K series subduction related basalts argue against any significant role for garnet, however, and it is thus concluded that the composition studied here was extracted at 20–27 kbar after sufficiently high degrees of partial melting (∼50%) to totally consume garnet in the eclogite source. Melting experiments on three MORB composition, although not conclusive, are in agreement with this mechanism. Results at 30 kbar support an origin for tonalite/trondhjemite series rocks by lower degrees of melting (15–30%), leaving both garnet and clinopyroxene in the residue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572166
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