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Acoustic properties of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 studied using the acoustic microscopy V(z) technique (1986)

Burnett, P. J. ; Briggs, G. A. D. ; Al-Shukri, S. M. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 2517-2522

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: We report measurements of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 using acoustic microscopy in the V(z) mode, together with optical waveguide mode observations. In the present case, samples were prepared using dilute benzoic acid containing a small mole percent of lithium benzoate. Substantial changes in surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation velocity due to proton exchange have been observed on all three major-axis crystal cuts, with both increase and decrease in velocity occurring, depending on propagation direction. Changes in attenuation are also observed. Using the V(z) technique with a line-focus cylindrical lens has enabled complete velocity surfaces for proton-exchanged lithium niobate to be obtained with reasonable precision, based on simplified isotropic calculations of acoustic propagation in layered media and the assumption that the proton-exchange region is uniform with a depth obtainable from optical waveguide mode calculations. It is concluded that the V(z) acoustic microscopy technique can provide a powerful tool in the study of the SAW properties of proton-exchanged LiNbO3.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337114

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High Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Patients Attending Urological Outpatient Departments (1997)

Francis, C. Y. ; Duffy, J. N. ; Whorwell, P. J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Digestive diseases and sciences 42 (1997), S. 404-407

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ISSN: 1573-2568

Keywords: IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME ; UROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract Irritable bowel syndrome patients often complainof urinary symptoms such as frequency, urgency, anddysuria, raising the possibility of inappropriatereferral to the urologist. To resolve this issue, the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome wascompared in patients attending urological and controlclinics (dermatology and ENT). The overall prevalence ofirritable bowel syndrome was 31.2% in the urological clinic compared with 21.2% in the controls (P〈 0.001), but striking differences emerged, dependingon presenting complaint. Irritable bowel symptoms wereparticularly common in patients presenting with loin pain (male: 40.9%, P = 0.004; female: 50%, P =0.03), dysuria (male: 43.8%, P = 0.007; female: 46.2%,P = 0.01) and frequency/urgency (male: 31.7%, P = 0.002;female: 42.4%, P = 0.006), and the male/femaleprevalence was 24% and 44%. These results suggest that inirritable bowel syndrome, urinary symptoms includingloin pain can present diagnostic dilemmas in both thegastroenterological and urological setting, underlining the importance of specialists in these fieldsworking together in order to define better ways ofmanaging such patients.