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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bimorph-driven x–y–z translation stage for scanned image microscopy (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 567-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed an x–y–z scanning stage for mechanically scanned microscopy. The stage is constructed of "double-S'' mode piezoelectric bimorphs. The prototype unit has a deflection sensitivity of 0.3 μm/V and a travel in each of the three axes of ±60 μm. The lowest mechanical resonances of the stage are at 190, 220, and 360 Hz, corresponding to the x, y, and z axes of the stage, respectively. The noise level of the stage, when mounted on an isolation table, is ∼0.1 nm. The performance of the stage can be understood in terms of a simple lumped element model which can be used to optimize such stages for particular applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139270
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of roughness on rubber friction when waves of detachment are present (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 262 (1976), S. 381-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The adhesion of rubber depends markedly on the roughness of the surface with which it is in contact4,5. Slight roughness can increase the adhesion compared with an ideally smooth surface, while larger values of roughness can greatly reduce it6. When a cylinder rolls on clean rubber, the two ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/262381a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of HCl on the chemical vapor deposition and etching of Ge islands on Si(001) (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1862-1864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: When HCl is added during the growth of Ge islands on Si(001) by chemical vapor deposition, the reduced Ge surface diffusion impedes island development. There is a shift in the relative populations of different island types even when other conditions such as temperature, coverage, and growth rate, are unchanged. The effect of HCl on the net rate of deposition is proportional to the square of the HCl partial pressure, suggesting a surface reaction with the Ge. When larger islands are etched with HCl at high enough temperature, they revert to a shape characteristic of smaller islands, confirming the reversibility of transformations from one island type to another. It has not proved possible to use etching to produce smaller and more uniform islands. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface wave dispersion beyond cutoff for a fast layer on a slow substrate (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 856-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The velocity and attenuation of pseudosurface waves beyond cutoff have been calculated for several layers on a slow substrate and unexpectedly different kinds of behavior can be distinguished. When the elastic properties of the layer and the substrate are not very different, the velocity of the pseudosurface wave beyond cutoff increases up to the Rayleigh wave velocity of the layer. When the elastic properties of the two materials are quite dissimilar, the pseudosurface wave tends towards an attenuated interfacial mode. In addition, another mode appears evolving into the Rayleigh wave of the layer material. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120916
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic properties of GaAs during amorphization by ion implantation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2388-2392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Line-focus beam acoustic microscopy has been used to study changes in the elastic constants of GaAs during amorphization produced by implantation with Si+ ions at liquid-nitrogen temperature. The distribution of amorphous material was determined by Rutherford backscattering and channeling. Values of c11 and c44 were estimated by fitting theoretical curves to the measured angular dispersion of surface acoustic waves in the (001) plane. The implanted material was modeled as a statically stressed anisotropic layer on an unmodified GaAs substrate. The values of c11 and c44 were found to decrease with increasing ion fluence. At the highest fluence the implanted region was completely amorphous, and it was observed that the softening of c44(41%) was significantly greater than that of c11(17%). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358763
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous behaviour of leaky surface waves for stiffening layer near cutoff (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 1031-1035 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The propagation of surface acoustic waves has been investigated for a layered system (water-isotropic layer-isotropic substrate) where the layer is faster than the substrate. It has been found that when the velocity of the surface wave reaches the velocity of the shear wave of the substrate (cutoff) the behaviour of the attenuation has an anomalous character. Attenuation drops down towards zero below cutoff and increases abruptly beyond cutoff. Acoustic microscopy measurements on aluminum coated with oxalic oxide film were in coincidence with theory.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365867
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sensitivity of magnetoacoustic emission to defects and coupling in the context of stress measurement : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials San Diego, California (USA) 29 Oct − 1 Nov 1990 (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5868-5870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) is under development as a technique for the nondestructive measurement of stress in magnetic materials. However, structural defects create additional boundaries which alter the magnetic domain configuration and could perturb the MAE response of the material. MAE is therefore employed to investigate the effect of additional surfaces on the domain structure close to and some distance from artificially implanted holes in a mild steel bar. The MAE profile, a result of non-180° wall motion, obtained before the hole drilling, shows two outer peaks of equal height one at each knee of the magnetization curve. This suggests that the energies dissipated by the domain nucleation and annihilation processes are the same. However, the MAE profile obtained near an 8 mm hole shows a large initial peak and a small final peak, indicating that the enlargement of reverse domains is mainly due to the unpinning of trapped walls at the edges of the hole. This process is discrete and sudden and, therefore, the initial signal peak is large. In the largest field applied, the reverse domains are not completely annihilated, causing the final peak to be small. A further practical problem is that variations of magnetic coupling can have a significant effect on the MAE profile. This is also investigated, and it is concluded that using a spacer of optimal thickness between the magnet and the specimen could reduce the sensitivity to this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347851
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-sensitivity ultrasonic interferometer for the detection of magnetic phase transitions (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3193-3195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An improved technique is described for the detection of magnetic phase transitions using acoustic waves with electrical interferometry. The method employs zinc oxide transducers sputtered directly onto the sample. These transducers operate efficiently at frequencies up to 3 GHz, corresponding to acoustic wavelengths of the order of 2 μm. By measuring the phase of high-order multiple echoes, changes in sample thickness and/or velocity of parts in 109 can be detected. The method has been used to determine the phase diagram of the metamagnet dysprosium aluminum garnet for magnetic fields parallel to [001]. General agreement with earlier determinations based on thermodynamic measurements is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338924
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acoustic properties of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 studied using the acoustic microscopy V(z) technique (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 2517-2522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report measurements of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 using acoustic microscopy in the V(z) mode, together with optical waveguide mode observations. In the present case, samples were prepared using dilute benzoic acid containing a small mole percent of lithium benzoate. Substantial changes in surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation velocity due to proton exchange have been observed on all three major-axis crystal cuts, with both increase and decrease in velocity occurring, depending on propagation direction. Changes in attenuation are also observed. Using the V(z) technique with a line-focus cylindrical lens has enabled complete velocity surfaces for proton-exchanged lithium niobate to be obtained with reasonable precision, based on simplified isotropic calculations of acoustic propagation in layered media and the assumption that the proton-exchange region is uniform with a depth obtainable from optical waveguide mode calculations. It is concluded that the V(z) acoustic microscopy technique can provide a powerful tool in the study of the SAW properties of proton-exchanged LiNbO3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Waveguide ultrasonic force microscopy at 60 MHz (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1836-1838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present measurements using ultrasonic force microscopy at ∼60 MHz, operating in a "waveguide" mode in which the cantilever base is vibrated and flexural ultrasonic vibrations are launched down the cantilever without exciting any particular cantilever resonance. The nonlinearity of the tip-sample force-distance curve allows the conversion of a modulated ultrasonic frequency into a low frequency vibration of the cantilever, detected in a conventional atomic force microscope. Images of Ge quantum dots on a Si substrate show contrast related to elasticity and adhesion differences, and this is interpreted with the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts model of the force-distance curve. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126184
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