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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light emission from metal-insulator-metal structures (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 384-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The study of electroluminescence from gold-containing plasma polymerized propane thin films was initially our goal. These films consist of small isolated gold clusters, a few tens of angstrom in diameter, dispersed in an otherwise insulating or semi-insulating matrix below the electrical percolation threshold which sets in around 30% gold volume fraction. dc, ac, and impulse luminescence experiments combined with transport analysis are reported for different metallic concentration in the films. The emission is current controlled and consists of broad spectral peaks located in the red part of the optical spectrum. Among the several possible emission processes, we demonstrate that the light comes from the radiative decay of electrode surface plasmons excited by hot electrons produced in the films. The precise nature of the dielectric is unimportant since the emission process involves the electrode parameters. This is confirmed by testing other sandwich structures constituted by different dielectrics. On the one hand, our results confirm the fact that surface plasmons can be created in a metal-insulator-metal structure without tunneling as the driving mechanism. On the other hand, it is shown that coupling between surface plasmons and photons occur at dielectric-metal interfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353861
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties of gold-containing plasma-polymerized thin films (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 2423-2431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrical properties of gold-containing plasma-polymerized thin films have been studied in the dielectric regime (isolated conducting clusters dispersed in a polymeric matrix). dc measurements over a wide temperature range provide evidence for a transport process involving the matrix itself as opposed to tunneling directly across the insulating barrier between metallic clusters. The films display space-charge-limited conduction which is due to the existence of trap states in the polymeric phase. An exponential distribution of traps with a peak value of the order of 1017 cm−3 eV−1 has been deduced from the voltage-current data. The ac behavior is dominated by conduction losses at low frequency with a dissipation peak due to interfacial polarization between metal and matrix in the kHz range. Another relaxation is found for gold-rich films. The full interpretation requires more details on the polymeric phase which composition and electrical properties change gradually with an increasing gold concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351587
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge injection and electroluminescence as a prelude to dielectric breakdown (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 275-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To understand the ac voltage aging of low-mobility materials, the amount of energy involved in the degradation process must be known. Electroluminescence experiments are a choice environment for solving this problem since luminescence spectra give direct information on the energy released during aging. Carrier injection is needed for electroluminescence to take place, but it is not clear whether luminescence occurs at the injection threshold or later on. We investigate this problem using two very sensitive arrangements: a charge detector and a photon-counting system. The experimental threshold fields for charge injection and electroluminescence are compared, as are their ac time variations. In polyethylene, charge injection is detected prior to electroluminescence. But it is found that the two phenomena begin at the same electric field if the space-charge effect is taken into account in the estimation of the luminescence threshold. A discussion of the experimental results yields the picture of a recombination-controlled luminescence. The energy released during the radiative as well as the nonradiative recombination processes induce chemical damage of the dielectric.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347197
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface plasmon-induced luminescence: A new way to investigate space charge dynamics in thin dielectric films (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5269-5271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new way is presented for deriving space charge dynamics in thin films. The conduction current flowing through the dielectric excites surface plasmon modes on the positively biased metal electrode. The roughness of the interface couples the plasmon modes to the optical photons. The measurement method uses the detection of the electroluminescence excited by square voltage pulses. Thin films of any thicknesses can be investigated. Electroluminescence provides a very sensitive tool for analyzing space charge dynamics, namely its buildup and relaxation times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353756
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroluminescence from radiative decay of surface plasmons in aluminum-insulator-indium tin oxide structures (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7460-7464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electroluminescence was observed in sandwich structures composed of a thick layer of plasma-deposited hydrogenated carbon and two statistically rough aluminum and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. An indication of the presence of surface plasmons in the emission process is proved by the temperature dependence of the emission efficiency and of the light spectra. Visible light from surface plasmon decay at the ITO surface is due to the formation of a metal-enriched layer at the very surface of the ITO film that occurs during the early phase of hydrogenated carbon deposition. The light output was dominated by the radiative decay of surface plasmons excited at the outer metal-glass interface of a semi-transparent aluminum electrode. Each interface behaved like a probe, sensitive to the low or high energy tail of the electron energy distribution function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356615
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of space-charge dynamics and transport parameters in hydrogenated carbon layers by time-resolved electroluminescence measurements (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 470-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new way is presented for deriving space-charge dynamics and transport parameters in thin films sandwiched between two metallic electrodes. The measurement method uses the detection of electroluminescence excited by square voltage pulses. The space-charge buildup time is derived from the electroluminescence time lag when the structure is excited by a single square voltage pulse. The relaxation time of the space charge is investigated by using a double pulse excitation. Carrier mobility is determined by an optical transit-time technique. Measurements are carried out on hydrogenated amorphous carbon layers with different composition and electrical properties. The films display space-charge limited conduction which is due to the existence of trap states. Their concentration is derived from the current–voltage characteristics and the mobility measurements. The trap concentration increases with a decreasing graphite content in the films. Film properties are weakly temperature dependent in graphite-rich layers as opposed to the behavior of layers with a lower graphite concentration. In this later case, the structural features of the films change at low temperature as suggested by the evolution of the trap concentration which decreases by three orders of magnitude, going from an exponential to a uniform distribution. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362750
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the nature of the luminescence emitted by a polypropylene film after interaction with a cold plasma at low temperature (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 937-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The light emitted by an insulating material once its surface has been submitted to a cold plasma, plasma-induced luminescence is investigated on polypropylene films at low temperature. An analysis of the integral and wavelength resolved light is carried out. The kinetical evolution of the spectrum after plasma interaction are reported and analyzed. Investigation of the photo- and chemiluminescence spectra of the material shows that plasma-induced luminescence has three spectral components, each having different excitation mechanisms and thus different kinetics. The fastest is due to the ultraviolet irradiation during plasma contact, the second is dominated by radical chemistry producing carbonyl groups, and the third, with the slowest kinetics, is due to carrier recombination on the most conjugated chromophores which are preferentially charged by the plasma. To confirm the interpretation of plasma induced luminescence spectrum, the first results concerning short and long plasma interaction are considered. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364186
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved measurement of space charge in polymeric material under prebreakdown ac field (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 1048-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The buildup of space charge following carrier injection under a prebreakdown field is often considered as a possible degradation process of a polymeric material. The energy released during trapping (phonons and photons) might be at the origin of bond breaking, even if the details of this process are not completely elucidated. Space-charge formation is of particular importance during ac stressing, since the nature of the trapped charge depends on stress polarity. We present in the following a very sensitive and new experimental setup that allows for the first time the analog, time-resolved measurement of trapped charge during ac polarization at high field in a dielectric material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of granular Co-polymer thin films (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 2017-2020 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Composite cobalt-polymer thin films are created by simultaneous metal sputtering and plasma polymerization of propane. The magnetic properties are investigated as a function of Co volume fraction. At low concentration, Co forms very small isolated clusters (∼10 A(ring)) which behave superparamagnetically down to 〈6 K. At 0.22 ±0.05 Co volume fraction an electrical percolation threshold and a transition to ferromagnetic behavior is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342894
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of metal clusters in polymerized hydrocarbon versus fluorocarbon matrices (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 1717-1723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ability to produce transition-metal clusters dispersed in a polymeric matrix by metal sputtering and plasma polymerization in a rf capacitively coupled diode reactor svstem was investigated. An in situ plasma diagnostic technique, i.e., optical emission spectroscopy, was used to predict the metal concentration of the film. Characterization of metal-containing plasma-polymerized propane thin films was realized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. Evidence is given that the metal is present in its metallic state in the organic matrix and in the form of uniformly dispersed small particles. The shape and size of gold and cobalt particles at equivalent volume fractions are shown to be different, which is reflected in different electrical percolation threshold values for the two systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342944
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