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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 9 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: After many years of unsuccessful conservative treatment 16 patients suffering from hemicrania are relieved of their pain or are improved by operative treatment. Hemicranial attacks or permanent hemicrania is found to be caused by upper cervical nerve root compression. Vascular compression of C2 (n = 9) or scar tissue surrounding C2 (n = 1) or C3 (n = 1) is the pathology identified in cases of cervicogenic headache or “cluster headache-like” headache. Compression attributable to tumor, prolapsed disc, or spondylotic changes is found to be a cause of permanent headache. Only in those patients with permanent headache are radiological or electrophysiological findings helpful for diagnosis. In patients with hemicranial attacks and compression of nerve root C2 (n = 10) or C3 (n = 1), only vasoactive tests (provoking or relieving pain) or local anaesthesia prove to be helpful in diagnosing and localizing the origin of pain. The operation involves freeing the nerve roots from vascular compression. In two patients the C2 ganglion is resected. Thirteen patients subsequently become pain free. In three patients, hemicrania improves. Four of the 16 patients experience a recurrence of pain after the decompressive operation. After additional thermorhizotomy two patients have no further complaints and one patient has improved. One patient can tolerate his pain with occasional analgesics. The problem of referred pain into the fronto-ocular region is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Triple therapy, combining a proton pump inhibitor with clarithromycin (C) and either amoxycillin (A) or a nitro-imidazole (I) is the standard in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Recently, triple therapies based on ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) have emerged as an alternative. This review examines the current literature for studies directly comparing proton pump inhibitor- with RBC-based triple therapies. Seventeen studies were identified, of which three have been published as a full paper.Eradication rates in an intention-to-treat analysis ranged from 51 to 98%. No large difference in cure rates between the different regimens was demonstrated, although the RBC-I-C combination was somewhat superior. No definite conclusions could be made about the impact of metronidazole or clarithromycin resistance since only three studies performed a formal resistance analysis. No serious side-effects were reported, and dropout rates were equal for the two regimens.Both RBC- and proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies are highly effective. If one prefers a imidazole/clarithromycin combination the evidence presented here suggests that RBC should be used instead of a proton pump inhibitor. Larger studies comparing both forms of triple therapy, using proper resistance analysis, are needed before final conclusions can be reached regarding efficacy in the setting of bacterial resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 423-431 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In recent years, a series of non-linear optically active bis(benzylidene) ketones have been synthesized and investigated by electron crystallography. In most cases, structure refinement was possible by combining electron diffraction analysis and quantum-mechanical calculations with maximum-entropy methods. However, when the torsional angles between the phenyl rings and the C=C double bonds are strongly affected by the crystal field, this method fails because packing-energy calculations are not sufficiently sensitive. This problem can be solved by refining the approximate model with SHELXL, if the data set is sufficiently accurate and the model close to the correct structure. Here it is shown that a considerably superior data set can be obtained at 300 kV with on-line data acquisition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Gefässchirurgie 5 (2000), S. 14-19 
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Stentgraft ⋅ TALENT-System ⋅ Aortenaneurysma ; Key words Stent graft ⋅ TALENT device ⋅ Aortic aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Introduction The TALENT system has made it feasible for the first time to use endovascular stent placement in the treatment of infrarenal aneurysms of the abdominal aorta with neck diameters greater than 26 mm. The following paper presents the experience of 29 German vascular surgical centers using the TALENT system. Materials and Methods Between October 1996 and September 1997, a total of 123 aortic aneurysms in 122 patients were treated endovascularly. Ninety-five infrarenal aneurysms of the abdominal aorta were treated using bifurcated stents, while in 28 cases tube stents were implanted. In nine cases, tube stents were used to treat aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. A total of 111 patients (112 aneurysms) presented for follow-up. The average proximal diameter of the bifurcated stents in infrarenal aneurysms was 30 mm (range 24–36 mm), while the average iliac stent diameter was 14 mm (range: 10–20 mm). In tube stents, diameters ranged from 24–30 mm in abdominal stents and from 32–40 mm in thoracic stents, respectively. In this series, each stent was individually manufactured for the patient on the basis of findings from computed tomography (CT) and calibrated angiography. Results Endovascular treatment of aneurysms was successful technically in 96% of patients. During a follow-up period averaging 4.3 months, the following complications were observed: 5 perioperative death (4.1%), 4 conversions to open surgical therapy (3.3%), 7 endoleaks (5.7%), 2 stent dislocations, 2 iliac stent thromboses, 2 perforations of iliac arteries, 1 inguinal hematoma, and 1 inguinal infection. Conclusions These preliminary findings show that aneurysms with larger neck diameters are amenable to endovascular treatment. Despite the wide distribution of participating vascular surgery centers with varying degrees of experience and many first-time implantations, the results of the present multicenter study hardly differed from those reported in larger series in established institutions. Through the use of larger-diameter stents, up to 50% of all infrarenal aneurysms of the abdominal aorta may be possibly successfully treated using endovascular methods.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit dem TALENT-System war erstmals die Ausschaltung infrarenaler Aneurysmen mit einem Halsdurchmesser größer 26 mm möglich. Es werden zusammengefaßt die Erfahrungen mit dem TALENT-System in 29 deutschen Zentren vorgestellt. Material und Methode: Von Oktober 1996 bis September 1997 wurden insgesamt 123 Aortenaneurysmen bei 122 Patienten endovaskulär behandelt; 95 infrarenale Bauchaortenaneurysmen wurden mittels Y-Stents und 28 mittels Tube-Stents ausgeschaltet. In 9 Fällen wurde ein thorakales Aortenaneurysma mit 〈\d〉 Tube-Stent therapiert. Insgesamt 111 Patienten (112 Aneurysmen) konnten in diesen Nachuntersuchungen erfaßt werden. Der durchschnittliche proximale Stentdurchmesser der Y-Stents bei infrarenalen Aortenaneurysmen betrug 30 (24–36) mm, der iliakale Stentdurchmesser betrug 14 (10–20) mm. Bei Tube-Stents in abdomineller Position betrug der Durchmesser 24–30 mm und bei thorakaler Verwendung 32–40 mm. Jeder Stent in dieser Serie wurde noch individuell für den betreffenden Patienten auf der Grundlage von CT und kalibrierter Angiographie angefertigt. Ergebnisse: Die Aneurysmaausschaltung war in 96% der Patienten technisch erfolgreich durchführbar. In einer mittleren Follow-up-Zeit von 4,3 Monaten traten folgende Komplikationen auf: 5 perioperative Todesfälle (4,1%), 4 Konventionen zur chirurgisch offenen Therapie (3,3%), 7 Endoleaks (5,7%), 2 Stentdislokationen, 2 iliakale Stentthrombosen, 2 Perforationen von Beckenarterien, 1 Leistenhämatom, 1 Leisteninfekt. Schlußfolgerungen: Diese Frühergebnisse zeigen, daß auch Aneurysmen mit größeren Halsdurchmessern endovaskulär gut therapiert werden können. Trotz der großen Streuung der teilnehmenden Zentren mit unterschiedlicher Erfahrung und vielen Erstimplantationen unterscheiden sich die hier erzielten Ergebnisse kaum von größeren Serien etablierter Zentren. Es scheint möglich, durch den Einsatz großlumiger Stents bis zu 50% aller infrarenalen Aortenaneurysmen endovaskulär zu behandeln.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 342 (1989), S. 529-531 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Like other major constituents of crude oils, the H-alkanes are thought to be derived mainly from the thermal degradation of kerogen, the macromolecular organic material in sediments that is insoluble in common organic solvents1'4. Despite numerous studies in recent decades, many uncertainties ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 103 (1989), S. 306-316 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Heterogeneous layers of granulite facies metamorphic basites of the Proterozoic supracrustal Faurefjell Formation in Rogaland, S.W. Norway, display an extreme chemical variation. Within a single layer the bulk chemical composition gradually changes from approximately basaltic in basic granulites to alumina-iron-rich in granofelses. Component-ratios and composition-volume relations indicate open-system chemical reactions mainly involving the extraction of silica. Apparent enrichment in Fe, Ti, P, Al, Zr, Ni, Co, Zn, Y, Nb, Hf and REE and variations in resulting metamorphic mineral assemblages are related to premetamorphic progressive lateritisation of a basaltic protolith. The weathering generated a continuous chemical suite from SiO2=48 wt%, Fe2O3=10 wt% and Al2O3=19 wt% in the basic granulites to 14 wt%, 40 wt% and 25 wt% in the Fe-Al granofelses. Metasomatism during diagenesis and during (very) high-grade metamorphism (1200–900 Ma) further perturbed the concentrations of relatively mobile elements Ca, Mg, K, Rb, Sr, Ba, Na and Li in the laterites without affecting the transition metal ratios. In particular, the REE did not fractionate differentially during the supracrustal and metasomatic alteration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: omeprazole ; pepsinogen A ; pepsinogen C ; fasting serum gastrin ; pentagastrin ; gastric-acid ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study has been done in 10 male healthy volunteers of the effect of oral omeprazole 20 mg daily for 3 days on the serum concentrations of Pepsinogens A and C in relation to changes in fasting serum gastrin and basal and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid output. The concentrations of Pepsinogens A and C showed concomitant and variable but significant increases, and the Pepsinogen A, C ratio did not change during the 3-day course of omeprazole. The increments were also significantly correlated with the increase in fasting serum gastrin and with the reduction in pentagastrin stimulated acid output. The correlations were mainly due to the marked inhibition of gastric acid secretion and the corresponding increases in serum gastrin and Pepsinogens A and C in two subjects, as in the other 8 subjects the changes were only modest. There appears to be a relationship, therefore, between the degree of inhibition of acid by omeprazole and the parallel increases in both serum pepsinogens and fasting gastrin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 347-356 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Spatial discrimination ; Hemicholinium-3 ; Rats ; Cholinesterase inhibitors ; Muscarinic agonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) on spatial discriminaton learning were studied. Rats were equipped with indwelling cannulae in the right lateral ventricle and, following recovery, were trained on a two platform spatial discrimination task in a water maze. In this task a visible escape platform remains in a fixed position in the pool during a single training session, whilst the location of an identical “float” (which affords no escape) is randomly varied. For each session the location of the fixed escape platform was changed and the rats were retrained to criterion following pretreatment either with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or HC-3 (2.5, 5.0 μg/rat/ICV) 1 h before training. Each rat received every treatment according to a latin square design. The results showed that spatial learning was dose dependently impaired by HC-3, choice accuracy being reduced to chance levels by the higher dose. There was no evidence of motoric difficulty, as choice latencies were not significantly increased. Experiments were then conducted to test for reversal of the deficit using a range of psychotropic drugs. Rats were treated with CSF or HC-3 (5 μg/rat ICV) 60 min prior to testing and test drugs were injected 15 min before testing. Some doses of physostigmine (46–460 μg/kg/SC) and tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) (2.2–10 mg/kg/SC) reversed the spatial learning deficit. The muscarinic agonists arecoline (0.046–1 mg/kg/SC), aceclidine (1–10 mg/kg/SC), oxotremorine (30–100 μg/kg/SC) and RS-86 (0.46, 1.0 μg/kg/SC) were also effective. Pilocarpine (0.22–2.2 mg/kg/SC) showed marginal activity and isoarecoline (4.6–10 mg/kg/SC) was inactive. Nicotine (0.32, 1, 3.2 mg/kg/SC) and piracetam (10, 30, 100 mg/kg IP) were also inactive. The α2 agonist, clonidine (46, 100 μg/kg SC) and the antagonist idazoxan (32, 100 μg/kg SC) were also inactive. Learning deficits were not reversed by haloperidol (20, 60 μg/kg), amphetamine (0.1, 0.46 mg/kg), the selective 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (30, 100 μg/kg) or by the benzodiazapine antagonist ZK 93426 (1, 3.2, 10 mg/kg). The results show that forebrain Ach depletion by HC-3 impairs spatial discrimination learning and these deficits are reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors and some muscarinic receptor agonists. Some degree of pharmacological selectivity is indicated by the failure of a range of other drugs to reverse the impairments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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