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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 60 (1990), S. 269-274 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Interleukin-4 ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Since its discovery in 1982, numerous biological activities of interleukin-4 (IL-4) have been described. Like other cytokines, IL-4 is highly pleiotropic, both with respect to the number of different target cells that are responsive to it and with respect to the number of different biological responses it elicits. Interleukin-4 was initially described as a costimulant for the proliferation of B lymphocytes stimulated with anti-IgM antibody. Synonyms for this cytokine are B cell growth factor-1 (BCGF-1) and B cell stimulatory factor-1 (BSF-1). After cloning of both the murine and human IL-4, the use of recombinant IL-4 enabled detailed studies of its biological functions. Many cell types, mainly of hematological origin, express receptors for IL-4. Accordingly, effects of IL-4 have been described on B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cells, mononuclear phagocytes, mast cells, fibroblasts and hematopoietic progenitor cells (Fig. 1). Currently, there are three major areas in which IL-4 appears to play an important role: 1) regulation of B cell growth and of antibody isotype expression. In this context, a possible role for IL-4 in allergic reactions is of special interest. 2) Stimulation of T cell growth and the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In addition to the suppressive effects on the induction of non HLA-restricted cellular cytotoxicity by natural killer- (NK) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, this suggests a role for IL-4 in the regulation of cellular immune responses. 3) Regulation of the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic bone marrow stem cells. IL-4 itself does not induce proliferation of hematological progenitor cells but it can modulate the growth-factor dependent proliferation of these cells. In this review the biological functions of IL-4, reported until present, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 345 (1990), S. 58-60 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 16 (1990), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Intrinsic PEEP ; Ventilatory pattern ; Lung volume ; Lung stretch ; piglets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the influence of ventilatory frequency (1–5 Hz), tidal volume, lung volume and body position on the end-expiratory alveolar-to-tracheal pressure difference during high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) in Yorkshire piglets. The animals were anesthetized and paralysed. Alveolar pressure was estimated with the clamp off method, which was performed by a computer controlled ventilator and which had been extensively tested on its feasibility. The alveolar-to-tracheal pressure difference increased with increasing frequency and with increasing tidal volume, the common determinant appearing to be the mean expiratory flow. The effects in prone and in supine position were similar. Increasing thoracic volume decreased the alveolar-to-tracheal pressure difference indicating a dependence of this pressure difference on airway resistance. We concluded that the main factors determining the alveolar-to-tracheal pressure difference (ΔP) during HFJV are expiratory flow (V′E) and airway resistance (R), ΔP≃V′E×R.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Cardiac output ; Mechanical ventilation ; Multiple injections ; Thermodilution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The application of the thermodilution method in conditions associated with variations in blood flow implies a misuse of the Stewart Hamilton equation. Therefore, we studied the reliability of the thermodilution method for the estimation of mean cardiac output (CO) during mechanical ventilation in patients (n=9). Variation of the injection moment in the ventilatory cycle elicited a cyclic variation of CO estimates. This variation was not the same for all patients neither in phase nor in amplitude. Therefore, no specific phase in the ventilatory cycle could be selected for an accurate estimation of mean CO. Averaging CO estimates randomly distributed in the ventilatory cycle led to an improvement of accuracy with the square root of the number of observations. The averaging of CO estimates spread equally over the ventilatory cycle led to a much better result, e.g., the variation in the average of two estimates equally spread in the ventilatory cycle was similar to the variation in the average of four random estimates. We conclude that averaging of 3 or 4 estimates spread equally over the ventilatory cycle is an adequate strategy to estimate mean cardiac output in patients reliably.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 367-370 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cholecystokinin ; loxiglumide ; CCK-receptor antagonist ; bombesin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cholecystokinin (CCK)-receptor antagonists have been reported to inhibit the effects of the hormone on the gastrointestinal tract. Their effect on plasma CCK levels in man has not been described. The present study in 5 normal subjects demonstrated that i.v. infusion of the potent, specific CCK-receptor antagonist loxiglumide (CR 1505) significantly augmented plasma CCK levels during infusion of bombesin (402 pM per 30 min) and after administration of a meal (1390 pM per 300 min) when compared to the bombesin- (192 pM per 30 min) and meal- (886 pM per 300 min) stimulated CCK responses during infusion of saline. The basal plasma CCK during saline infusion (0.1 pM per 40 min) was not significantly influenced by CR 1505 (−1.8 pM per 40 min). Thus, both enteral (meal) and parenteral (bombesin) stimulation of CCK secretion are augmented by CCK-receptor blockade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Spatial discrimination ; Hemicholinium-3 ; THA ; Serotonin ; Noradrenaline ; ACetylcholine ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA: Tacrine) has previously been shown to reverse deficits in spatial discrimination learning induced by hemicholinium-3 (HC-3). In the present experiments the effects of prior depletion of serotonin (5-HT) or noradrenaline (NA) on this reversal were examined. In the first experiment 5-HT lesions were made by injecting 5,7-DHT (2×50 µg/5 µl) into the lateral ventricles of rats pretreated with desmethylimipramine (DMI 25 mg/kg IP). A permanently indwelling guide tube was then implanted over the right lateral ventricle. Subsequent testing, under drug-free conditions, revealed no effect of the lesion on the number of trials needed to attain criterion (nine consecutive correct choices) in two-platform spatial discrimination learning in a watermaze. Using a latin square design rats were then tested for the effects of HC-3 and THA. HC-3 (5 µg/5 µl ICV) or placebo (CSF) were injected 60 min before the start of a 30-trial training session. THA (4.6, 10 mg/kg SC) or placebo were then injected 15 min before training. Choice accuracy but not choice latency was significantly impaired by HC-3 and the effect was reversed by THA in both sham operated and 5-HT lesioned rats. In the second experiment two injections of DSP-4 (50 mg/kg IP) were given, following cannulation, to deplete forebrain NA. The lesion had no effect on spatial learning under drug-free conditions and failed to block the THA-induced reversal of spatial discrimination learning deficits following HC-3. These results confirm that forebrain Ach depletion by HC-3 impairs spatial discrimination learning and that the deficit is reversed by THA. However, concommitant depletion of forebrain 5-HT or NA does not block the ameliorative effect of THA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 1 (1990), S. 192-197 
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The major factor determining percutaneous implant success is the formation of a stable skin-implant junction. The objective of this study was to gain more insight into the mechanisms underlying implant-skin reactions. For this purpose, plasma-sprayed, dense hydroxyapatite and titanium implants were inserted into the tibia and on the cranium of 15 rabbits. The implants were leftin situ for 9 months. Clinical and histological investigations were performed. It was found that especially direct attachment to bony skeletal tissues favours the longevity of percutaneous implants. No differences in soft tissue reaction between the various implant materials was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 337 (1990), S. 398-402 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy are important techniques for the analysis of polymers and additives. By combining these techniques an on-line liquid chromatography — Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy system has been developed. Details of the interface consisting of a thermospray, moving belt and an optical reflectance accessory are presented. Applications include gel permeation chromatography of polymers and high-performance liquid chromatography of additives. The detection limits are in the 100-nanogram range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 51 (1990), S. 131-140 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Single seed descent ; number of generations ; number of lines ; level of heterozygosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Single seed descent is an easy inbreeding strategy aimed at deferring selection in successive generations of a cross between two homozygous lines to that generation for which selection looks most successful. Different selection aims are discussed. For characters that are determined by a small number of (major) genes, numbers of plants and generations are tabulated that guarantee the breeder to achieve his aim with a given level of heterozygosity and a given probability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Eighty eight roe deer from four regions in the Netherlands were investigated from May 1986 until May 1987 for the presence of helminth endoparasites. All roe deer were found to be infected with at least one worm species. The following species were found in the abomasum:Spiculopteragia boehmi (79 % of the roe deer positive),Ostertagia leptospicularis (76 %),Skrjabinagia kolchida (73 %),Trichostrongylus axei (49 %),Rinadia mathevossiani (16 %),O. ostertagi (16 %),Haemonchus contortus (3 %) andO. circumcincta (1 %).Capillaria bilobata was found in the abomasum/small intestine of 6 % of the roe deer.T. capricola (49 %),Nematodirus europaeus (31 %) andBunostomum trigonocephalum (2 %) were present in the small intestine.Trichuris ovis (49 %),Oesophagostomum venulosum (13 %) andChabertia ovina (2 %) were present in the large intestine and/or caecum.Dictyocaulus eckerti was found in 6 % of the roe deer lungs. The highest gastrointestinal worm burden was 30 600. The average number per roe deer was 5502. No helminths were found in liver and rumen. Differences in worm numbers and in species composition were demonstrated between regions and between age groups. C. bilobata, B. trigonocephalum andCh. ovina have not been described earlier from roe deer from the Netherlands.
    Abstract: Résumé 88 chevreuils provenant de quatre régions des Pays-Bas ont été analysés entre mai 1986 et mai 1987 quant à leur contamination par des helminthes. Tous les chevreuils s'avérèrent contaminés par au moins une espèce de ver. Les espèces suivantes révélèrent un taux de contamination élevé au niveau de la caillette:Spiculopteragia boehmi (chez 79 % des chevreuils examinés),Ostertagia leptospicularis (76 % des cas),Skrjabinagia kolchida (73 % des cas),Trichostrongylus axei (49 % des cas),Rinadia mathevossiani (16 % des cas),O. ostertagi (16 % des cas),Haemonchus contortus (3 % des cas) etO. circumcincta (1 % des cas).Capillaria bilobata a été trouvé au niveau de la caillette et de l'intestin grêle sur 6 % des chevreuils. L'intestin grêle des chevreuils était parasité dans 49 % des cas parT. capricola dans 31 % des cas parNematodirus europaeus et dans 2 % des cas parBunostomum trigonocephalum. Le gros intestin et/ou le caecum étai(en)t contaminé(s) parTrichuris ovis dans 49 % des cas, parOesophagostomum venulosum dans 13 % des cas et parChabertia ovina dans 2 % des cas. Parmi 6 % des chevreuils on a pu relever la présence, dans les poumons, deDictyocaulus eckerti. La charge la plus élevée constatée au niveau du tractus gastro-intestinal s'élevait à 30 600, la moyenne s'établissant à 5502 vers par chevreuil. Dans cette étude, foie et panse se sont avérés indemnes d'helminthes. Des différences se sont manifestées de région à région et au sein des différentes classes d'âge en ce qui concerne les charges parasitaires individuelles et le degré de contamination par différents parasites. C'est la première fois queC. bilobata, B. trigonocephalum etCh. ovina sont décrits aux Pays-Bas pour le Chevreuil.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 88 Rehe aus vier niederländischen Regionen wurden von Mai 1986 bis Mai 1987 auf ihren Helminthen-Befall untersucht. Alle Rehe erwiesen sich als mit mindestens einer Wurmspezies infiziert. Die nachfolgenden Spezies wurden im Labmagen in allgemein hohem Prozentsatz bei Rehen nachgewiesen:Spiculopteragia boehmi (bei 79 %),Ostertagia leptospicularis (76 %),Skrjabinagia kolchida (73 %),Trichostrongylus axei (49 %),Rinadia mathevossiani (16 %),O. ostertagi (16 %),Haemonchus contortus (3 %) undO. circumcincta (1 %).Capillaria bilobata fanden wir im Labmagen/Dünndarm von 6 % der Rehe. Im Dünndarm der Rehe parasitiertenT. capricola (bei 49 %),Nematodirus europaeus (31 %) undBunostomum trigonocephalum (2 %). Der Dickdarm und/oder Zäkum bei Rehen war befallen durchTrichuris ovis (bei 49 % der Rehe),Oesophagostomum venulosum (13 %) undChabertia ovina (2 %). In 6 % der Rehe konnten in der LungeDictyocaulus eckerti festgestellt werden. Die höchste Wurmbürde im gastro-intestinalen Trakt betrug 30 600, im Durchschnitt waren es 5502 Würmer pro Reh. Leber und Pansen waren in dieser Studie frei von Helminthen. Zwischen individueller Wurmbürde sowie Befall durch verschiedene Spezies ergaben sich Unterschiede zwischen den Regionen und innerhalb der Altersgruppen. C. bilobata, B. trigonocephalum undCh. ovina wurden erstmals fürs Reh in den Niederlanden beschrieben.
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