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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between bone fluoride content and histological evidence of calcification defects in osteoporotic women treated long term with sodium fluoride (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 204-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone fluoride content ; Calcification defects ; Osteoporosis ; Sodium fluoride treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fluoride treatment is used to increase bone formation and cancellous bone mass in patients suffering from postmenopausal osteoporosis with vertebral fractures. Patients submitted to similar therapeutic protocols have shown various histological responses to the treatment, some developing calcification defects and others not. In fact, the bone histological response to fluoride salts depends on the cumulative uptake of fluoride by bone. To clarify the relationship between the presence of calcification defects (identified by the presence of mottled bone and linear formation defects) and the bone fluoride content, a retrospective study was performed on 29 women with type 1 osteoporosis and treated for several months (11–24) with sodium fluoride (50 mg/day), calcium and vitamin D. Bone fluoride content always significantly increased after treatment, but it was significantly higher in patients showing calcification defects than in those having no defects. These differences between the two groups of patients were not due to differences in clinical details (no significant differences concerning age, duration of treatment, total amount of fluoride ingested, renal function) or in their bone remodelling activity. Thus, it may be hypothesized that the high bone fluoride uptake is due to different individual responses from one patient to another concerning the bioavailability of the same dose of fluoride. This is difficult to predict, except by testing the individual bioavailability of the compound to be used in each patient before starting long-term treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623677
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasound measurements on os calcis: Precision and age-related changes in a normal female population (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone mineral density ; Broadband ultrasound attenuation ; Speed of sound ; Ultrasound References
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed ultrasound measurements in the calcaneus of 512 healthy women. Broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) were obtained with a Lunar Achilles ultrasonic instrument. Subjects studied were one group of 67 women working in our hospital (group A) and two groups which are part of two large prospective cohort studies (groups B and C). Group B consisted of 244 women aged 31–79 years randomly selected from a large insurance company, and group C consisted of 201 women aged 74–91 years randomly selected from the electoral rolls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of femoral neck and total body were performed with a Hologic QDR 2000 for group B and with a Lunar DPX Plus for group C. The in vitro precision of the Achilles, estimated by measuring a phantom daily for 45 days, was 0.84% for BUA and 0.12% for SOS. We assessed the in vivo short-term precision in 20 healthy volunteers working at the hospital, measured three times each. The coefficients of variation were 0.93% (±0.21) for BUA and 0.15% (±0.03) for SOS. The precision error was compared with the true variation, to obtain a standardized coefficient of variation. We analysed the three groups pooled together (n=512) and found for BUA an average 20% decrease and for SOS a 5% decrease between the ages of 20 and 90 years. We also performed separate analyses of subjects younger than 50 and older than 50 years, and within each 10-year age group we found that BUA was stable or slightly increased from 20 to 50 years and then decreased after 50. In contrast, SOS did not increase but decreased from the age of 20. We compared DXA measurements of the femoral neck and the total body with ultrasound measurements in groups B and C. In both groups the correlations were better with total body DXA than with femoral neck and spine DXA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623828
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human parathyroid peptide treatment of vertebral osteoporosis (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown that treatment with daily injections of human parathyroid peptide (hPTH) 1-34 increase axial cancellous bone mass partially at the expense of peripheral cortical bone. In the present work the same hPTH 1-34 regime given for 12 months has been combined with oestrogen or nandrolone therapy to control peripheral bone resorption. Spinal and iliac cancellous (but not cortical) bone increased by 40%–50% above initial values while no perceptible changes occurred in radial cortical or cancellous bone. The evidence of radiokinetic and histomorphometric studies performed before and in the last months of treatment suggested that bone remodeling had proceeded through a transient anabolic phase with increased activation, but that activation had become normal after 11–12 months in the cancellous bone of the ilium whereas it continued to be raised elsewhere in the skeleton. It is concluded that in combination with oestrogens, hPTH peptides given daily injections hold great promise for the treatment of patients with osteoporosis who have already lost substantial amounts of spinal cancellous bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01621906
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone loss after cardiac transplantation: Effects of calcium, calcidiol and monofluorophosphate (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 322-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Calcium ; Cardiac transplantation ; Fluoride ; Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis ; Parathyroid hormone ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Of 203 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation and were given long-term treatment with cyclosporine and 0.3 mg/kg per day prednisone, 123 were studied prospectively for at least 6 months and 46 for up to 2 years to evaluate the effects on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) and calcium metabolism of a combined therapy with calcium, calcidiol and disodium monofluorophosphate (MFP). The population was arbitrarily assigned to one of two groups. Group I consisted of patients who had a lumbar spine BMDZ score above −1.5 SD as compared with an age-and sex-matched population and no vertebral fractures. They received daily 1 g elemental calcium and 25 µg (1000 IU) calcidiol. Group II consisted of patients who received daily the same doses of calcium and calcidiol combined with 200 mg MFP, and was divided into two subgroups: (a) osteopenic subjects who had a lumbar spine BMD Z score below −1.5 SD without vertebral fractures and (b) osteoporotic subjects with vertebral fractures. If serum creatinine was higher than 140 µmol/l the daily dose of MFP was tapered to 100 mg. Fifty-four and 27 patients from group I and 38 and 19 patients from group II were followed respectively for 12 and 24 months. In both groups serum parathyroid hormone levels were significantly reduced from the twelfth month in parallel with a significant increase in serum 25-OHD levels. No decline in lumbar BMD occurred in non-osteopenic and non-osteoporotic patients (group I) who received the calcium and calcidiol supplement. In group II, where MFP was added, a significant and linear increase in lumbar BMD was observed. The average increase reached 12.5% after 12 months and 29.5% after 24 months (p〈0.0001). The magnitude of the response was similar to the response previously reported in patients suffering from vertebral fractures due to postmenopausal osteoporosis and treated with the same daily dose of MFP. Because osteoporosis and fractures are not rare in patients after cardiac transplantation, these pilot results may be useful for further prevention and treatment trials of bone loss in this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637318
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride salts for vertebral osteoporosis: The benefit-to-risk ratio depends on the cumulative dose reaching bone (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion In conclusion, until recently the message concerning the benefit-to-risk ratio of fluoride therapy in established vertebral osteoporosis has been rather confusing because ‘fluoride’ has been considered globally, without taking into account the fact that quite different therapeutic strategies have used different fluoride salts, doses, durations of treatments and preparations with very different bioavailabilities of fluoride ion. Low daily doses (50 mg) of sodium fluoride given in enteric-coated tablets for 2 years correspond to a safe therapeutic window. They provide a valid benefit-to-risk ratio when administered concomitantly with calcium supplements and when the classical contraindications of renal failure and osteomalacia are taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01621910
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality of life and vertebral osteoporosis (1992)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 2 (1992), S. 161-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623919
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of osteoblastic bone formation in ewes: A biochemical and histomorphometric study (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone formation ; Ewes ; Glucocorticoids ; Histomorphometry ; Osteocalcin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in humans are a defect in bone formation associated with increased bone resorption. The latter may be due to elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels induced by the impairment of intestinal calcium absorption caused by corticosteroids. In this study we analysed the effects of corticosteroids in old ewes, a potential model for the study of human bone turnover. Two groups of seven 9-year-old female sheep were selected. The first group was injected intramuscularly with a daily dose of 30 mg methylprednisone (MP) during the first 2 months and 15 mg during the last month. After 2 and 3 months of treatment, blood samples were taken. At the end of the experiment the animals were slaughtered and the iliac crest kept for bone histomorphometry. Serum osteocalcin (sOC) rapidly and markedly decreased in the MP-treated group compared with controls (−77%;p〈0.01). In contrast, at the end of the experiment serum calcium and PTH levels were similar in both groups. Histomorphometric analysis showed a significant reduction in the wall width of trabecular packets. Dynamic parameters reflecting bone formation at the tissue and cell levels were significantly lower in the MP-treated group than in controls, with a highly significant decrease in the mineralization rate (MAR: −63%,p〈0.05) and double-labeled perimeter (dLPm/B.Pm: −92%p〈0.05). The bone formation rate (BFR/B.Pm) also decreased by 84% and the adjusted apposition rate (Aj.AR) by 80%. The increase in the total formation period was mainly due to an increase in the inactive period. Significant correlations were found between sOC and MAR, dLPm/B.Pm and BFR/B.Pm (withr′ respectively 0.67, 0.76 and 0.51). In conclusion, the effects of corticosteroid on ewe bone remodeling are essentially characterized by a major bone formation defect without evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism, although this cannot be totally excluded by our results. Ewes treated with glucocorticoids could represent a good model for evaluating the effects of drugs candidates for all bone conditions characterized by reduced bone formation resulting from osteoblastic depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623380
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small bowel enema and diagnosis of chronic nonischemic disturbance of superior mesenteric venous blood flow (1993)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 18 (1993), S. 265-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Vein, mesenteric, varices ; Intestine, hemorrhage ; Small bowel enema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic nonischemic disturbance of mesenteric venous blood flow is reported in 11 patients with a mean age of 19 years. This entity, rarely discussed n the literature, is different from acute thrombosis and chronic thrombotic forms with portal hypertension or hypercoagulopathy. In eight patients this syndrome was secondary to organic lesions of different origin: mesenteric vein squeezed by fibrous bands or an abnormal jejunal artery (four cases), lymphoma involving the distal superior mesenteric veins (three cases), hemangioma causing microthrombi (one case). In three patients no etiology or predisposing factor was found. All patients presented with rectal hemorrhage. Small bowel enema showed a constant pattern in 11 patients: small nodules, modified by compression or peristalsis, involving the mesenteric border of the jejunoileal segment, and associated with thick, straight but regular folds. Mesenteric varices were suspected and led to angiographic studies which were normal in three cases, confirmed varices in eight cases, and thrombosis in four cases. Laparotomy was normal in three cases and established the etiological diagnosis in eight cases. Varices were shown in six cases. Arteriography and laparotomy were unable to reach a complete diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198119
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a direct effect of growth hormone on osteoblasts (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoblasts ; Growth hormone ; Growth hormone-receptor ; Alkaline phosphatase ; Immunocytology ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to determine whether growth hormone (GH) exerts a direct effect on osteoblasts, in vitro and in vivo immunocytological studies were carried out on newborn rat calvaria and a clonal osteoblast-like cell line (MC3T3-E1) isolated from newborn mouse calvaria. After exposure to human growth hormone (hGH) or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in MC3T3-E1 cells. Simultaneous exposure of MC3T3-E1 cells to hGH and 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 showed a synergistic effect of the two hormones on this activity. The optimal dose of hGH was 0.1 nM. An immunocytological procedure was performed on ultrathin frozen sections from 7-day-old rat calvaria and MC3T3-E1 cells cultured with hGH. GH-like immunoreactivity was observed in both cases. In calvaria, endogenous GH-like immunoreactivity was localized at the same ultrastructural level (plasma membrane, cytoplasmic and nuclear matrices) as exogenous GH-like immunoreactivity in MC3T3-E1 cells. Following the initial step of binding to the plasma membrane, GH may be internalized in the cytoplasmic matrix and nucleus. In situ hybridization revealed the presence of mRNA coding for GH receptor in calvaria cells. The density of these receptors seemed to be lower in osteoblasts than in hepatocytes. In MC3T3-E1 cells, hGH induced a dose-dependent secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1. In conclusion, these results indicate that GH may act directly on osteoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312829
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concerted evolution in the GAPDH family of retrotransposed pseudogenes (1993)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 4 (1993), S. 695-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In murine rodents the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) multigene family includes more than 300 retroprocessed pseudogenes. Its single functional gene encodes GAPDH, an enzyme of glycolysis. Because of its manageable size, this family is a good model for the study of genome cohesion and evolution. By sequence comparison of several GAPDH pseudogenes in Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, we have obtained evidence that (i) the GAPDH family still generates new pseudogenes; we note in each species the beginning of a process of species-specific evolution since the pseudogenes of one genus on average cluster more with one another than they do with those of the other genus, and (ii) the GAPDH family contains diversified subfamilies. These findings suggest a certain level of transcription and transposition of the pseudogenes independent of the functional gene which may result from various mechanisms. The homogenization we observe may be due to the pseudogenes themselves (concerted evolution in a strict sense), which explains the occurrence of long-term homogenization of old sequences and subfamily groupings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357792
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