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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron cyclotron resonance heating by strong monochromatic wave in nonuniform magnetic field (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 834-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Numerical studies are made on dynamics of electrons under electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) by a strong monochromatic wave in a nonuniform magnetic field. The response of the electrons is described in terms of gains in energy and magnetic moment. These expressions are employed to define a response function which connects the velocity distributions of electrons before and after heating in a wide range of conditions. The response function is applied to calculate the velocity distribution of cold electrons which stream up the magnetic slope and are heated at the resonance. This configuration simulates a possible scheme for controlling an inward flux of cold electrons in diverter regions of tori and in mirror ends by mirror reflection enhanced by ECRH. The velocity distribution shows wing-like structures which are not expected from diffusion equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870742
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical analysis of thermal dike supported by electron cyclotron resonance heating (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 3986-3995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thermal dike is a new concept for controlling energy transport carried by electrons along open magnetic field lines by enhancing mirror-reflection with assistance of electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). Quantitative analyses are made to evaluate merits of thermal dike and to clarify requirements for efficient use of it. Heating response function is applied for trajectory analyses of electrons streaming through the ECRH zone. Substantial power gain is obtained under a configuration with a high mirror ratio between the reflection point and the resonance point and with a large scale length of the magnetic gradient in the resonance zone. Thermal dike is shown to be beneficial both in tandem mirrors and in diverters in tori. Discussions are made also on a basic experiment program of thermal dike in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870914
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathologic prognostic factors in stage IIb cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic-node dissection — an analysis with mathematical statistics (1993)
    238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    International journal of gynecological cancer 3 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Of 107 patients with stage IIb cervical cancer who underwent laparotomy, 82 (77%) could be treated with radical hysterectomy (RAH) and pelvic-node dissection (PND). The remaining 25 patients were unsuitable for radical surgery because of para-aortic lymph node metastases, direct cancer invasion into the bladder muscle, and/or fixed enlarged pelvic lymph nodes (PLN): Such patients were treated with radiation therapy after laparotomy. Fifty-nine of RAH patients were given postoperative pelvic radiation because they had PLN metastases, parametrial invasion, and/or full thickness cervical stromal invasion. The overall 5-year survival of the patients undergoing RAH was significantly better than that of those who could not be treated with RAH (P 〈 0.001). In the RAH patients, parametrial invasion, which clinically defines stage IIb, was found only in 45%. Univariate analysis of histopathologic prognostic factors revealed that PLN metastasis, parametrial invasion, adenocarcinoma, and lymph-vascular space invasion significantly affected survival of the RAH patients (P 〈 0.05). Multivariate analysis using Cox’s proportional hazards regression model, however, selected only PLN metastasis as a strong prognostic factor (P 〈 0.001). Concerning PLN metastasis patients with two or more positive nodal groups vs. 49%, P 〈 0.0001). The logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor diameter, parametrial invasion and lymph-vascular space invasion were independently correlated with PLN metastases in two or more nodal groups. The present data suggest that (i) the patients with massive pelvic extension of cancer cannot be cured by radiation therapy alone, (ii) the strong determinant of the prognosis of the patients undergoing RAH and PND is PLN metastasis. Therefore, for these patients with poor prognosic factors, other treatment modalities should be considered. From the present study it seems that planning RAH and PND for patients with stage IIb disease might make it possible to select poor prognostic subgroups, who have extra cervical extension or PLN metastases in two or more groups, and be useful in individualizing treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1993.03040219.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endometrial carcinoma in women aged 40 years or younger: a Japanese experience (1993)
    238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Scientific Publications
    International journal of gynecological cancer 3 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report on the clinical and pathologic findings in 17 cases of endometrial carcinoma in Japanese women aged 40 years or younger. Age of the patients ranged from 16 to 40 years, with a median of 35 years. Nine of 17 tumors (52.9%) were stage I or II (FIGO 1988) but 8 (47.1%) were stage III. Four of the 8 patients with stage III disease had pelvic lymph node metastases and one also had para-aortic lymph node metastasis. One patient had metastasis to the ovary and peritoneal cytology was positive in 4 patients. Histologically, 13 of these 17 patients had endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 3 had adenoacanthoma and 1 had an undifferentiated carcinoma. Ten were well differentiated tumors (G1), 3 were moderately differentiated tumors (G2), and 4 were poorly differentiated tumors (G3). Nine of 17 (52.9%) showed deep myometrial invasion (more than a half of the myometrium) and 5 of 17 (29.4%) demonstrated lymphatic/vascular space invasion. Pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases were seen in 4 of 15 (26.7%) and 1 of 15 (6.7%), respectively. Two of these 17 patients died of disease in a relatively short follow-up period. In our experience there is no difference in the survival rates between patients aged 40 years or younger and those over 40 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1438.1993.03030147.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between strain effect and martensitic transformation in multifilamentary Nb3Sn wires (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7404-7407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For bronze-processed multifilamentary pure Nb3Sn and 2.3 at. % Ti added (Nb,Ti)3Sn wires, which were prepared under the condition of the same wire parameters such as the filament size, filament number, and bronze ratio, the strain effects on the critical current density were measured. The large difference of the residual strain between Nb3Sn and (Nb,Ti)3Sn wires was obtained. It was found that the martensitic transformation for Nb3Sn compound largely contributes to the residual strain through the variation of the elastic modulus in bronze-processed multifilamentary Nb3Sn wires. It was verified that the ternary element addition of Ti surely suppresses the martensitic transformation in the bronze processed multifilamentary Nb3Sn wire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357033
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Existence of extinction temperature in WSix film growth from WF6 and SiH4: An indication of the role played by radical chain reactions (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 1606-1608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) was carried out to deposit tungsten silicide films (WSix) from WF6 and SiH4 in a low temperature range from 80 to 390 °C, using a tubular reactor system. Drastic decrease of the deposition rate occurred at an extinction temperature Tex. Increase of the reactor size in the range from 4 to 22 mmφ decreased Tex from 140 to 80 °C. Above Tex, the sticking probability of the film forming species (η) and the film composition, x of WSix , did not depend on the reactor diameter. Dependence of Tex on the reactor diameter and independence of η and x above Tex from the reactor diameter indicates that a radical chain process dominates CVD-WSix process to form film forming species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108600
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling study of potential in the end region of a tandem mirror based on end-loss electron measurement (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 866-871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An empirical scaling for the potential difference between the plug potential ΦP and the floating potential ΦEP of an endplate is obtained in terms of end-loss electron temperatures. Results from the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror [Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 939 (1985)] indicate that ΔΦ=ΦP−ΦEP scales much better with an effective temperature Teff≡(1−β)TeL+βTeH than with a single temperature TeL or TeH, where TeL and TeH are temperatures of the bulk and the high-energy tail components of the end-loss electrons and β denotes the flux fraction of the TeH component. Moreover, the observed scaling is consistent with a recently developed theoretical model [K. Kurihara et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 61, 3153 (1992)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860937
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of fluoride on root resorption caused by mechanical injuries of the periodontal soft tissues in rats (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was carried out to investigate histologically and histometrically the effect of fluoride on root resorption induced by mechanical injuries of the periodontal soft tissues in rats. Resorption lacuna in the root surface of the molar in animals given both mechanical injuries and fluoride administration was significantly smaller in length and area than that in animals given only mechanical injuries. Moreover, resorption lacuna in the former animals contained fewer odontoclasts than that in the latter. The results of the present study might suggest that the administration of fluoride suppressed root resorption induced by mechanical injuries of the periodontal soft tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.1994.tb00071.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic degradation of poly([R,S] β-hydroxybutyrate) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 1 (1993), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Poly([R,S] β-hydroxybutyrate) ; Alcaligenes faecalis T1 ; trimethyl aluminum ; β-butyrolactone ; enzymatic degradation ; depolymerase ; biodegradable
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The synthetic analogue of a bacterially produced polyester, poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was synthesized from racemic β-butyrolactone using anin situ trimethyl aluminum-water catalyst. The polymer was fractionated into samples differing in molecular weight and isotactic diad content. The latter was closely related to degree of crystallinity. The biodegradation of these fractions were examined by monitoring mass loss over time in the presence of anAlcaligenes faecalis T1 extracellular bacterial poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase. The fraction with high isotactic diad tacticity content showed little or no degradation over a 50 hour incubation period, whereas the fraction of intermediate isotactic diad content degraded in a continuous steady fashion at a rate that was less than that for bacterial PHB. The low isotactic diad fraction underwent a rapid initial degradation, followed by no further mass loss. The presence of stereoblocks in the polymer structure of the various fractions was an influence on the degree of susceptibility towards degradation and is related to sample crystallinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01418201
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High levels of erythrocyte aldose reductase and diabetic retinopathy in NIDDM patients (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 328-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Aldose reductase, diabetic retinopathy, erythrocyte.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Erythrocyte aldose reductase was determined in 90 NIDDM patients by a two-site ELISA using recombinant human aldose reductase. The level of aldose reductase did not correlate with age, duration of diabetes, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c of the patients. Among 38 patients with diabetes for more than 10 years, aldose reductase in those with retinopathy (including non-proliferative and proliferative) was significantly higher than in those without, while no difference in the means of the average HbA1c, maximum and minimum blood pressure levels was observed between the two groups. The results indicate that the level of aldose reductase in the erythrocyte of diabetic patients is associated with the presence of retinopathy. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 328–330]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398062
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