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  • 2005-2009  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (11)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2006  (4)
  • 1994  (11)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 1078-1082 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Influenza A viruses pose a serious threat to world public health, particularly the currently circulating avian H5N1 viruses. The influenza viral nucleoprotein forms the protein scaffold of the helical genomic ribonucleoprotein complexes, and has a critical role in viral RNA replication. Here ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @China quarterly 138 (1994), S. 528-530 
    ISSN: 0305-7410
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , History , Political Science , Sociology , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: chloride determination ; flow injection analysis ; mercury ; thiocyanate ; chloranilate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chloride is determined indirectly by Spectrophotometric flow injection analysis. Two systems are compared, both based on the principle of ion exchange of easily detectable anions versus chloride from suitable mercury salts. The first method is based on the exchange of chloride with chloranilate which is detected at 332 nm or at 306 nm in neutral or in acidic medium respectively. In the second case, chloride reacts with Hg(SCN)2. The liberated thiocyanate forms a strongly coloured complex with Fe(III) in acidic solution with an absorption maximum at 460 nm. Both methods have a detection limit of about 5 μmol Cl−/l (175 ng/ml). In the case of the thiocyanate method, the relative standard deviation is about 2% (7 measurements) in the range of 5 to 150 μmol/l and decreases significantly to a value of approximately 0.2% at higher concentrations; for the chloranilate method it is 10% for lower and about 1% for higher concentrations respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 113 (1994), S. 203-210 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: citric acid ; flow injection analysis ; spectrophotometry ; complex formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A photometric method for the determination of citrate and other organic acids based on their ability to complex Fe3+-ions is presented. The red colored complex of [Fe(SCN)2]+, used as reagent, is destroyed upon contact with the sample because the organic acid complexes the Fe3+-ion. The decrease in absorption is monitored at 460 nm. The reaction is carried out in a simple flow injection system either in single or preferably double channel configuration. The influence of pH was investigated. Best results were obtained by adjusting the carrier stream to pH 2.0–2.5 with a KCl/HCl-buffer. With an increasing concentration of reagent the linear range is shifted to higher citrate concentrations. The slope of the calibration graph and the linear range are influenced by the sample volume. Other variations of parameters include flow rate, reactor volume and diameter of tubing. Generally speaking, optimum conditions for the flow system are not specified because they vary with the application. The typical conditions for a calibration graph from 1 to 8 mmol/l citrate were a reagent concentration of 2.6 mmol/l [Fe(SCN)2]+, a flow rate of 2.4 ml/ min, a reactor length of 50 cm with tubing of 0.97 mm inner diameter and a sample volume of 100 μl. At these system settings the coefficients of variation were 2.5% and 1.6% for eight replicate measurements of samples containing 4 mmol/l and 8 mmol/l citrate, respectively. Up to 180 samples can be analyzed per hour. Naturally the method is disturbed by all other ions that form complexes or precipitates with Fe3+-ions. Therefore its application is limited to samples with a known matrix, which was given in the analysis of citrate in lemon flavored soft drinks, where the citric acid usually accounts for 95 to 99% of the total acidity and other interfering ions are absent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 519-521 (July 2006), p. 383-388 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: For quenching of age hardenable aluminum alloys today predominantly aqueousquenching media are used, which can lead due to the Leidenfrost phenomenon to a non-uniformcooling of the parts and thus to distortion. In relation to the conventional quenching procedures inaqueous media, gas quenching exhibits a number of technological, ecological, and economicaladvantages. The quenching intensity can be adjusted by the variable parameters gas pressure, gasvelocity as well as the kind of gas and thus can be adapted to the requirements of the component.By the higher uniformity and the better reproducibility, gas quenching offers a high potential toreduce distortion. Cost savings would be possible, because of reduced distortion and therefore lessreworking. High-pressure gas quenching with nitrogen or helium, as well as air quenching atambient pressure in a gas nozzle field was applied to the spray formed aluminum alloyAl-17Si-4Fe-3Cu-0.5Mg-0.4Zr (DISPAL S232). Hardness and tensile tests have been carried out todetermine the mechanical properties after gas quenching and aging compared to water quenching.The distortion behavior of a forged aluminum component of the spray formed alloy was examinedafter gas quenching and after water quenching. Gas quenching showed remarkable advantagesregarding distortion
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 519-521 (July 2006), p. 1245-1250 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Aluminum alloys with high Mg2Si-content (〉10 %) offer the possibility of a significant decreasein density and an increase in stiffness at the same time. But these alloys can hardly be produced incasting processes, due to an oxidation and a generation of pores by hydrogen solubility of the melt.Furthermore, the usual solidification rate is not sufficient for a fine microstructure morphology. Afine distribution of Mg2Si is possible by spray forming, where a coarsening of the particles can beavoided due to a higher solidification rate. Different aluminum alloys with high Mg2Si-content(〉10 %) have successfully been produced by spray forming, extrusion and age hardening.Mg-excess as well as Si-excess has been investigated. An additional alloying with copper leads to afurther increase in strength by the precipitation sequence of Al2Cu. The new light-weight aluminumalloys have been investigated regarding age hardening, physical and mechanical properties.Densities of 2.5-2.6 g/cm3 and Young´s modulus of approx. 80,000 MPa have been found.Microstructures were dense, homogeneous and of fine morphology. The yield strength of thesealloys reached values of approx. 400 MPa after artificial aging, whereby only a slight decrease forthe hot yield strength was observed up to a temperature of 200 °C. Applications of the newlight-weight aluminum alloys can be expected where a reduced density together with a high hotyield strength would lead to a more compact design in high temperature environments, e.g. incombustion engines
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Digital luminescent radiography (DLR) ; X-ray intensifying screens ; Radiographic image enhancement ; Hand radiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 102 matched hand radiographs were taken by digital luminescent radiography (DLR) and conventional) screen film system combinations. In DLR two differently postprocessed images were obtained from each data set: A display with low-spatial frequency enhancement filtered to took like a conventional radiograph was placed opposite a display with high-edge enhancement. Conventional and digital images were evaluated rank only and separately by four radiologists, using a questionnaire. Using DLR proved diagnostically equivalent to the conventional technique except for a diminished visibility of subtle erosions and fissures. High-frequency enhancement did not provide additional diagnostic information and led to artifacts at the edges of metal prostheses. Densitometry confirmed an optimized density of digital radiographs. The main argument for the employment of digital techniques is the availability of data for picture archiving and communications systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 351 (1994), S. 99-106 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Lung perfusion ; Bupivacaine ; Fluorochrome-labeled capillaries ; First-pass retention ; Inulin ; Tritium-labeled water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of rat lung to remove the local anaesthetic drug bupivacaine from the blood was studied in isolated organs which were perfused either in an open (single-pass mode) or in a closed system (recirculating medium). Isolated perfused rat lungs exhibited a very low capacity to metabolize bupivacaine within 3 h during which the drug circulated continuously through the organ. The clearance values differed only by 0.2 ml/min from the control parameters in sham perfusions. The calculated extraction ratio was 0.2% and the elimination half-life was about 210 min. The volume of distribution of bupivacaine was 133 ml which remarkably surmounted the reference values obtained for sham perfusions. The distribution of bupivacaine into the pulmonary tissue was investigated applying the multiple indicator dilution technique to isolated lungs perfused in the single-pass mode. The mean elimination time of model compounds for distribution into the intravascular space, 14C-inulin, and the total water space, 3H-water, were 68 and 75 s at a flow rate of 6 ml/min. The volume of distribution was 5.9 ml for inulin and 6.5 ml for water. The mean transit time for concomitantly injected bupivacaine was 221 s and the volume of distribution was 14.4 ml. The respective parameters of sham perfusions performed without an isolated organ were substantially lower, i.e. mean elimination time 50, 50 and 61 s and distribution volume 4.9, 5.0 and 6.1 ml for inulin, water and bupivacaine. The volume of distribution during single-pass contact of bupivacaine to lung was not substantially influenced by an increase of the flow rate from 6 to 9 and 12 ml/min whereas the mean transit time dropped from 221 to 121 and 108 s, respectively. These results support the assumption that bupivacaine is extensively retained by the pulmonary tissue and that elimination of bupivacaine by metabolism can be neglegted for lung. The hemodynamic parameters of bronchiolar perfusion in the artificially perfused lung were determined using two fluorochrome-labeled macromolecular proteins, i.e. fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)- and lissamine-rhodamine-B 200 (RB 200)-labeled globulin. After 10 min of perfusion at a flow rate of 12 ml/min in the closed system an area of 10.8% of the peribronchiolar tissue area contained the dye-label FITC. A very similar index (10.1%) of dye-coloured capillaries was obtained when the lungs of anaesthetized rats were examined 10 min after intravenous injection of the fluorochrome into the pulmonary artery in vivo. In isolated perfused rat lungs receiving both FITC and RB 200 59.5% of FITC-labeled capillaries were reached by the second fluorochrome within 2 s. This fraction accounted for 93.3% after 10 s of circulation time. This proves that isolated rat lungs were well perfused in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 95 (1994), S. 55-62 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 75.30D ; 76.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The FMR fine structure of the first-order Suhl instability in YIG spheres, previously observed by Jantz and Schneider (1975), has been re-investigated both for the conditions of coincidence and subsidiary absorption (3 and 9 GHz) from room temperature down to 1.6K. The observed fine structure consists of several series of closely spaced resonances, indicating a critical wave vectork≠0 even for half the pumping frequency lower than the 45° spin-wave branch, which is in contrast to the prediction of Suhl's theory. The spacing of these resonances was analyzed in terms of spherical modes. We were able to determine the indices and the effective wave numbers (≈105 cm−1) of the critical modes. The very different dynamic behaviour observed at room temperature and at 1.6K can be attributed to a competition of different damping mechanisms—mainly surface pit scattering and three-magnon confluence processes — and their dependences on field, frequency, and temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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